中式卷烟特色工艺技术对烟草化学成分影响规律研究
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摘要
中式卷烟是指能持续满足中国卷烟消费者的需求；以中国烟叶为主体原料,具有明显的中国烤烟烟叶香气特征；拥有自主核心技术的所有中国卷烟的统称。
特色工艺技术是构筑中式卷烟核心技术、形成产品特色风格、提高中式卷烟核心竞争力的关键所在,是烟草科技的四大战略之一。首先,特色工艺应该是能够突出中式卷烟风格特点、适应消费者的需要。其次,特色工艺应能最大程度地保持和发挥中国烟叶原料特色和优势。中式卷烟之所以在香气风格和口味特征上与英式、美式、日式等卷烟不同,具有浓郁的中国烟叶烟气风格,很重要的原因在于以中国烟叶为原料。第三,特色工艺应该体现大工艺观念。第四,特色工艺应该是体现精细化、柔性化、智能化加工观念。要体现原料分组加工和分类加料,体现加工的精度和控制能力的提升。第五,特色工艺应该体现集约化生产观念。要适应品牌异地加工的需要。
本课题的目标为(1)确立中式卷烟特色工艺技术对烟丝化学成分影响规律,丰富和深化中式卷烟特色工艺基础理论,推进中式卷烟特色工艺的发展。(2)结合上海烟草集团“三地”技术改造,针对本集团卷烟产品的特点,围绕关键工艺环节开展研究,做出有实际应用价值的创新成果。(3)开发建立烟草香气成分测试新技术,展示烟草化学在中式卷烟特色工艺技术研究中的重要作用,推进烟草化学研究在烟草行业的发展。(4)研制开发制丝工艺的实验室模拟手段,为制丝工艺研究提供新的平台。
本课题的研究范围不仅涵盖中式烤烟型卷烟的制丝特色工艺,也包括中式混合型卷烟的制丝工艺。在烤烟型卷烟制丝工艺中,回潮加料到烘丝段工艺是中式卷烟中比较有特色的工艺段。其中,烘丝是加工强度较为剧烈的工序,加工方式包括针对高档卷烟的薄板式烘丝系统和针对一般卷烟的HXD烘丝系统。烟丝膨胀、梗丝膨胀、造纸法薄片过程中,烟草化学成分都将发生较大变化。烟叶分组加工是较为紧迫的研究任务。在混合型卷烟制丝工艺中,白肋烟加料烘焙处理是最为重要的工艺,烟草化学成分发生十分深刻的变化,对混合型卷烟的风格和质量具有重要影响。本课题主要围绕以上工艺段而展开。
本课题研究内容包括：(1)各工序前后烟草香气成分的变化规律。开发全自动吹扫捕集-GC/MS,系统研究各工序前后烟草香气成分的变化规律。对烤烟型卷烟制丝工艺,系统分析回潮加料到烘丝段烟草香气成分的变化情况。对混合型卷烟制丝工艺,重点分析白肋烟加料烘焙工艺中烟草香气成分的变化情况。(2)叶丝烘丝过程中逸出物的研究：建立热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析烤烟型卷烟在烘丝过程中产生的烟草逸出物中的挥发及半挥发性成分。(3)分组加工对烟丝化学成分影响规律：选择一组烟叶,分别加特色料及选用不同烘丝段工艺参数条件,测定A+B(混配后)及AB(掺配后加工,未分组)烟草物质内的化学成分,以化学成分的差异来揭示分组加料对烟丝化学成分影响规律。(4)不同工艺参数的烘丝工艺对化学成分影响规律：建立实验室模拟烘丝条件,研究不同温度(110～150℃)、时间(5~～25min)、水分(15～30%)及添加剂(草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、磷酸氢二铵)等条件对烟丝挥发性及半挥发性化学成分的影响。
本课题研究结果表明,烘丝、烟丝膨胀、白肋烟烘培处理是中式卷烟特色制丝工艺中化学成分变化较大的关键工序。针对不同烘丝方式而言,薄板滚筒式烘丝低沸点成分减少较气流式烘丝多,高沸点成分损失较少,由此推测滚筒式烘丝更适于高档烟叶加工,气流式烘丝更适于中低档烟叶。上述工序过程中化学成分的变化规律,为制丝工艺中参数的设计及优化提供了科学的研究依据。
Chinese style cigarette is the general term for being able to sustain the demands of Chinese consumers consistently; Chinese domestic grow tobacco being the primary ingredients; having apparent local aroma characteristics and the Chinese exclusively independent core techniques.
Characteristic processing technique is the key to constructing Chinese cigarettes core techniques; forming unique product characteristics; enhancing Chinese cigarettes core compatibility, and is one of the four tobacco technology strategies. Firstly, unique techniques should highlight Chinese cigarettes characteristics and adequately meet consumers' needs. Next, unique techniques should maintain and evolve characteristics and advantages of Chinese tobacco raw material to the greatest extent. The important reason that Chinese cigarettes differ from British, North American and Japanese ones on aroma characteristics and flavour speciality, which give intense aroma characteristics to Chinese tobacco smoke, is contributed to the Chinese tobacco raw material. Thirdly, unique techniques should present the culture of macro techniques. Fourth, it should show refining, flexibility and intelligent processing culture; should illustrate separate batch process and separate casing process of raw material; should embody refining process and increasing controllability. Fifth, unique process should reflect idea of intensive production and meet the needs of brands'production in multi location.
The main purpose of this study includes:(1) To explore the influence law of characteristic processing technique of Chinese style cigarette on tobacco chemical component; to enrich and deepen the theory of; to impel the development of characteristic processing technique of Chinese style cigarette.(2) To make valuable achievements on key processing point against the characteristic of cigarette product in our corporation.(3) To establish novel technique of tobacco aroma analysis and promote the development of tobacco chemistry in tobacco industry.(4) To set up laboratory simulation method of tobacco processing step and provide an innovative platform for processing investigation.
The main scope of this study contains not only the characteristic processing technique of Chinese flue-cured tobacco, but also that of Chinese blended tobacco. During process of flue-cured tobacco, the more unique section is from conditioning and casing to drying. Thereinto, drying is a more intense course including sheet-type drying equipment for top-grade tobacco and air-drying equipment for ordinary tobacco. Tobacco chemical components would vary a lot under cut tobacco expansion, stem tobacco expansion and paper making process of tobacco sheet. At present, separate batch process seems to be an urgent task. During process of blended tobacco, casing and drying of burley are the most important courses. Profound change of tobacco chemical constituents would take place, which has a significant effect on the style and quality of blended cigarettes. This work aims at the above processing courses.
This work is consisted of:(1) Change of tobacco aroma before and after each process. Auto purge&trap combined with GC/MS is developed to study the change of tobacco aroma before and after each process systematically. Process is investigated from conditioning and casing to drying for flue-cured cigarettes, while casing and drying are primarily for the burley.(2) Study of components emitted during tobacco drying course. Thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is employed to analyze the volatile and semi-volatile constituents emitted from tobacco drying step.(3) Law of influence of separate batch casing on tobacco chemical components. A group of tobacco leaves were cased by special and brand sauce under altered drying conditions respectively. Tobacco chemical compounds were determined for A+B and AB. The distinction of chemical compounds shows law of influence of separate batch casing on tobacco chemical components.(4) Law of influence of drying parameters on tobacco chemical components. On basis of casing conditions, the effect of different temperature (80～150℃), time (5-25min), moisture level (15～30%) on tobacco chemical components were investigated.
The results of the study indicated that, the critical course of Chinese style cigarettes were the step of tobacco drying, expanding, Burley's baking and so on. As for different types of tobacco drying process, the reducing of low-boiling chemicals by sheet revolving-drum drier was more than those by HXD or HDT, while the loss of high-boiling constituents was less. Thus, the drum drier was more suitable for the process of top-grade tobacco leaves and the HXD or HDT was for the relatively low ones. Generally, the changing rule of the chemical components laid a scientific foundation for the design and optimization of the processing techniques of Chinese style cigarettes.
特色工艺技术是构筑中式卷烟核心技术、形成产品特色风格、提高中式卷烟核心竞争力的关键所在,是烟草科技的四大战略之一。首先,特色工艺应该是能够突出中式卷烟风格特点、适应消费者的需要。其次,特色工艺应能最大程度地保持和发挥中国烟叶原料特色和优势。中式卷烟之所以在香气风格和口味特征上与英式、美式、日式等卷烟不同,具有浓郁的中国烟叶烟气风格,很重要的原因在于以中国烟叶为原料。第三,特色工艺应该体现大工艺观念。第四,特色工艺应该是体现精细化、柔性化、智能化加工观念。要体现原料分组加工和分类加料,体现加工的精度和控制能力的提升。第五,特色工艺应该体现集约化生产观念。要适应品牌异地加工的需要。
本课题的目标为(1)确立中式卷烟特色工艺技术对烟丝化学成分影响规律,丰富和深化中式卷烟特色工艺基础理论,推进中式卷烟特色工艺的发展。(2)结合上海烟草集团“三地”技术改造,针对本集团卷烟产品的特点,围绕关键工艺环节开展研究,做出有实际应用价值的创新成果。(3)开发建立烟草香气成分测试新技术,展示烟草化学在中式卷烟特色工艺技术研究中的重要作用,推进烟草化学研究在烟草行业的发展。(4)研制开发制丝工艺的实验室模拟手段,为制丝工艺研究提供新的平台。
本课题的研究范围不仅涵盖中式烤烟型卷烟的制丝特色工艺,也包括中式混合型卷烟的制丝工艺。在烤烟型卷烟制丝工艺中,回潮加料到烘丝段工艺是中式卷烟中比较有特色的工艺段。其中,烘丝是加工强度较为剧烈的工序,加工方式包括针对高档卷烟的薄板式烘丝系统和针对一般卷烟的HXD烘丝系统。烟丝膨胀、梗丝膨胀、造纸法薄片过程中,烟草化学成分都将发生较大变化。烟叶分组加工是较为紧迫的研究任务。在混合型卷烟制丝工艺中,白肋烟加料烘焙处理是最为重要的工艺,烟草化学成分发生十分深刻的变化,对混合型卷烟的风格和质量具有重要影响。本课题主要围绕以上工艺段而展开。
本课题研究内容包括：(1)各工序前后烟草香气成分的变化规律。开发全自动吹扫捕集-GC/MS,系统研究各工序前后烟草香气成分的变化规律。对烤烟型卷烟制丝工艺,系统分析回潮加料到烘丝段烟草香气成分的变化情况。对混合型卷烟制丝工艺,重点分析白肋烟加料烘焙工艺中烟草香气成分的变化情况。(2)叶丝烘丝过程中逸出物的研究：建立热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析烤烟型卷烟在烘丝过程中产生的烟草逸出物中的挥发及半挥发性成分。(3)分组加工对烟丝化学成分影响规律：选择一组烟叶,分别加特色料及选用不同烘丝段工艺参数条件,测定A+B(混配后)及AB(掺配后加工,未分组)烟草物质内的化学成分,以化学成分的差异来揭示分组加料对烟丝化学成分影响规律。(4)不同工艺参数的烘丝工艺对化学成分影响规律：建立实验室模拟烘丝条件,研究不同温度(110～150℃)、时间(5~～25min)、水分(15～30%)及添加剂(草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、磷酸氢二铵)等条件对烟丝挥发性及半挥发性化学成分的影响。
本课题研究结果表明,烘丝、烟丝膨胀、白肋烟烘培处理是中式卷烟特色制丝工艺中化学成分变化较大的关键工序。针对不同烘丝方式而言,薄板滚筒式烘丝低沸点成分减少较气流式烘丝多,高沸点成分损失较少,由此推测滚筒式烘丝更适于高档烟叶加工,气流式烘丝更适于中低档烟叶。上述工序过程中化学成分的变化规律,为制丝工艺中参数的设计及优化提供了科学的研究依据。
Chinese style cigarette is the general term for being able to sustain the demands of Chinese consumers consistently; Chinese domestic grow tobacco being the primary ingredients; having apparent local aroma characteristics and the Chinese exclusively independent core techniques.
Characteristic processing technique is the key to constructing Chinese cigarettes core techniques; forming unique product characteristics; enhancing Chinese cigarettes core compatibility, and is one of the four tobacco technology strategies. Firstly, unique techniques should highlight Chinese cigarettes characteristics and adequately meet consumers' needs. Next, unique techniques should maintain and evolve characteristics and advantages of Chinese tobacco raw material to the greatest extent. The important reason that Chinese cigarettes differ from British, North American and Japanese ones on aroma characteristics and flavour speciality, which give intense aroma characteristics to Chinese tobacco smoke, is contributed to the Chinese tobacco raw material. Thirdly, unique techniques should present the culture of macro techniques. Fourth, it should show refining, flexibility and intelligent processing culture; should illustrate separate batch process and separate casing process of raw material; should embody refining process and increasing controllability. Fifth, unique process should reflect idea of intensive production and meet the needs of brands'production in multi location.
The main purpose of this study includes:(1) To explore the influence law of characteristic processing technique of Chinese style cigarette on tobacco chemical component; to enrich and deepen the theory of; to impel the development of characteristic processing technique of Chinese style cigarette.(2) To make valuable achievements on key processing point against the characteristic of cigarette product in our corporation.(3) To establish novel technique of tobacco aroma analysis and promote the development of tobacco chemistry in tobacco industry.(4) To set up laboratory simulation method of tobacco processing step and provide an innovative platform for processing investigation.
The main scope of this study contains not only the characteristic processing technique of Chinese flue-cured tobacco, but also that of Chinese blended tobacco. During process of flue-cured tobacco, the more unique section is from conditioning and casing to drying. Thereinto, drying is a more intense course including sheet-type drying equipment for top-grade tobacco and air-drying equipment for ordinary tobacco. Tobacco chemical components would vary a lot under cut tobacco expansion, stem tobacco expansion and paper making process of tobacco sheet. At present, separate batch process seems to be an urgent task. During process of blended tobacco, casing and drying of burley are the most important courses. Profound change of tobacco chemical constituents would take place, which has a significant effect on the style and quality of blended cigarettes. This work aims at the above processing courses.
This work is consisted of:(1) Change of tobacco aroma before and after each process. Auto purge&trap combined with GC/MS is developed to study the change of tobacco aroma before and after each process systematically. Process is investigated from conditioning and casing to drying for flue-cured cigarettes, while casing and drying are primarily for the burley.(2) Study of components emitted during tobacco drying course. Thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is employed to analyze the volatile and semi-volatile constituents emitted from tobacco drying step.(3) Law of influence of separate batch casing on tobacco chemical components. A group of tobacco leaves were cased by special and brand sauce under altered drying conditions respectively. Tobacco chemical compounds were determined for A+B and AB. The distinction of chemical compounds shows law of influence of separate batch casing on tobacco chemical components.(4) Law of influence of drying parameters on tobacco chemical components. On basis of casing conditions, the effect of different temperature (80～150℃), time (5-25min), moisture level (15～30%) on tobacco chemical components were investigated.
The results of the study indicated that, the critical course of Chinese style cigarettes were the step of tobacco drying, expanding, Burley's baking and so on. As for different types of tobacco drying process, the reducing of low-boiling chemicals by sheet revolving-drum drier was more than those by HXD or HDT, while the loss of high-boiling constituents was less. Thus, the drum drier was more suitable for the process of top-grade tobacco leaves and the HXD or HDT was for the relatively low ones. Generally, the changing rule of the chemical components laid a scientific foundation for the design and optimization of the processing techniques of Chinese style cigarettes.
引文
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