样品前处理结合液质联用技术在生物样品分析中的应用
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摘要
生物样品的组成复杂、基体干扰大,同时样品一般较难获得而且量少,被分析物的浓度通常又很低,因此对生物样品分离分析技术提出的要求越来越高。为了建立高灵敏度、高选择性的生物样品分析方法,可以从样品的前处理和检测技术两方面着手,其中样品的前处理最具可行性,同时也最具挑战性。
聚合物整体柱微萃取(PMME)是以聚合物整体材料为萃取介质的新型固相微萃取的样品前处理技术,具有制备方法简单、内部结构均匀、使用寿命长、重现性好以及萃取效率高等优点。通过制备不同的萃取材料,聚合物整体柱被广泛用于药物及代谢产物、生物大分子、蛋白质和其他生物活性物质的萃取分离中。作者所在课题组在聚合物整体材料的研究和应用方面做了大量的工作,制备了以聚(甲基丙烯酸-乙二醇二甲基内烯酸酯)为代表的多种聚合物整体柱,并且已经应用于一些生物样品的检测中,取得了较好的效果。与此同时,在生物样品分析中,可将其他样品前处理技术如化学衍生与萃取相结合,以及结合PMME与色谱在线联用的方法,进一步提高生物样品的纯化和富集效果,使检测的灵敏度更高、重现性更好。
本论文主要围绕聚合物整体柱微萃取、液-液萃取、柱前衍生等样品前处理方法,结合高效液相色谱、液相色谱与质谱联用技术,在一些生物样品分析中的应用开展了一些工作,主要内容如下：
1.介绍了目前生物样品前处理的一些主要的方法和新的发展方向,简单介绍了脑细胞色素P450的研究情况。
2.建立了以氯唑沙宗为底物,液-液萃取结合液质联用的方法,检测大鼠不同脑区微粒体中CYP2E1酶活性的方法。所建立的方法简单,较报道的高效液相色谱紫外检测方法灵敏度高100倍左右,所需样本量小,可以做到大鼠各脑区的个体化检测。
3.建立了以右美沙芬为底物,以聚(甲基丙烯酸-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)(Poly (MAA-co-EGDMA))整体柱微萃取与液质联用在线联用及液-液萃取结合液质联用,检测大鼠不同脑区微粒体中CYP2D6活性的两种分析方法。
4.建立了以2,4-二硝基苯肼为衍生试剂,聚(甲基丙烯酸-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)(Poly (MAA-co-EGDMA))整体柱微萃取与高效液相色谱联用,检测咖啡、蜂蜜、啤酒、可乐及尿液中5-羟甲基呋喃糠醛的分析方法。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,且具有较好的精密度和准确度,适合于食品、药品及生物样品等复杂样品中微量的5-羟甲基呋喃糠醛检测。
Biological samples are characterized by the complex compositions and larger interference of substrate, meanwhile, by the subtle amount of sample and more difficulty in obtaining, as well as the lower concentration of analyte. With the development of bioscience, requirements for biological seperation and analysis techniques meet much higher standards. In order to establish a higher sensitive and selective analysis method of biological samples, the pre-treatment of samples and detection techniques are being taken into consideration, among these two aspects, pretreatment of samples is the most feasible and challenging method.
Polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) which uses polymer monolithic material as the extraction medium, is a new-type of solid phase microextraction technique for samples pre-treatment with the advantages of simple preparation methods, well-distributed internal structure, long service life, good reproducibility and higher extraction efficiency. Via manufacturing different types of extraction materials, polymer monolith has been widely used in seperation and analysis of some bioactive substances such as drugs, metabolites, biological macromolecules, proteomics and other substances. The author's research group has done lots of work in basic research and application study of polymer monolithic materials, including creating a variety of polymer monoliths especially as the representative of poly (methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) which has been applied to the detection of biological samples and achieved preferable effectiveness. At the same time, in the analysis of biological samples, other pre-treatment techniques such as extraction combined with chemical derivatization, as well as PMME combined with chromatography online method, have further improved purification and enrichment effect of biological samples and enhance the detection sensitivity and reproducibility.
This thesis is mainly focused on the analysis of some biological samples using pre-treatment methods such as PMME, liquid-liquid extraction, pre-column derivatization combined with HPLC, LC-MS techniques. The main research contents are as follows:
1. Introduce some biological sample pre-treatment methods and the updated development direction, giving a brief introduction to the research of the brain cytochrome P450.
2. Established a method, which use chlorzoxazone as substrate and combined liquid-liquid extraction with LC-MS method to detect CYP2E1enzymatic activity of microsomal in different brain regions of rats. The method is simple and much higher sensitivity than HPLC method as reported previously, which requires a small size of samples and meets individualized detection of different brain regions of rats.
3. Established two methods to detect of CYP2D6enzymatic activity in different brain regions of rats, which uses dextromethorphan as substrate, one combined PMME with LC-MS online and another combined liquid-liquid extraction with LC-MS/MS.
4. To establish an analysis method which uses2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine as derivative reagent and combined Poly (MAA-co-EGDMA) monolith microextraction with HPLC to detect the concentration of5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in coffee, honey, beer, cola and urine. The method with high sensitivity and superior precision and accuracy is especially suitable for the trace detection of5-Hydroxymethylfurfural among some complex samples such as food, medicine, biological samples and so on.
聚合物整体柱微萃取(PMME)是以聚合物整体材料为萃取介质的新型固相微萃取的样品前处理技术,具有制备方法简单、内部结构均匀、使用寿命长、重现性好以及萃取效率高等优点。通过制备不同的萃取材料,聚合物整体柱被广泛用于药物及代谢产物、生物大分子、蛋白质和其他生物活性物质的萃取分离中。作者所在课题组在聚合物整体材料的研究和应用方面做了大量的工作,制备了以聚(甲基丙烯酸-乙二醇二甲基内烯酸酯)为代表的多种聚合物整体柱,并且已经应用于一些生物样品的检测中,取得了较好的效果。与此同时,在生物样品分析中,可将其他样品前处理技术如化学衍生与萃取相结合,以及结合PMME与色谱在线联用的方法,进一步提高生物样品的纯化和富集效果,使检测的灵敏度更高、重现性更好。
本论文主要围绕聚合物整体柱微萃取、液-液萃取、柱前衍生等样品前处理方法,结合高效液相色谱、液相色谱与质谱联用技术,在一些生物样品分析中的应用开展了一些工作,主要内容如下：
1.介绍了目前生物样品前处理的一些主要的方法和新的发展方向,简单介绍了脑细胞色素P450的研究情况。
2.建立了以氯唑沙宗为底物,液-液萃取结合液质联用的方法,检测大鼠不同脑区微粒体中CYP2E1酶活性的方法。所建立的方法简单,较报道的高效液相色谱紫外检测方法灵敏度高100倍左右,所需样本量小,可以做到大鼠各脑区的个体化检测。
3.建立了以右美沙芬为底物,以聚(甲基丙烯酸-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)(Poly (MAA-co-EGDMA))整体柱微萃取与液质联用在线联用及液-液萃取结合液质联用,检测大鼠不同脑区微粒体中CYP2D6活性的两种分析方法。
4.建立了以2,4-二硝基苯肼为衍生试剂,聚(甲基丙烯酸-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)(Poly (MAA-co-EGDMA))整体柱微萃取与高效液相色谱联用,检测咖啡、蜂蜜、啤酒、可乐及尿液中5-羟甲基呋喃糠醛的分析方法。结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,且具有较好的精密度和准确度,适合于食品、药品及生物样品等复杂样品中微量的5-羟甲基呋喃糠醛检测。
Biological samples are characterized by the complex compositions and larger interference of substrate, meanwhile, by the subtle amount of sample and more difficulty in obtaining, as well as the lower concentration of analyte. With the development of bioscience, requirements for biological seperation and analysis techniques meet much higher standards. In order to establish a higher sensitive and selective analysis method of biological samples, the pre-treatment of samples and detection techniques are being taken into consideration, among these two aspects, pretreatment of samples is the most feasible and challenging method.
Polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) which uses polymer monolithic material as the extraction medium, is a new-type of solid phase microextraction technique for samples pre-treatment with the advantages of simple preparation methods, well-distributed internal structure, long service life, good reproducibility and higher extraction efficiency. Via manufacturing different types of extraction materials, polymer monolith has been widely used in seperation and analysis of some bioactive substances such as drugs, metabolites, biological macromolecules, proteomics and other substances. The author's research group has done lots of work in basic research and application study of polymer monolithic materials, including creating a variety of polymer monoliths especially as the representative of poly (methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) which has been applied to the detection of biological samples and achieved preferable effectiveness. At the same time, in the analysis of biological samples, other pre-treatment techniques such as extraction combined with chemical derivatization, as well as PMME combined with chromatography online method, have further improved purification and enrichment effect of biological samples and enhance the detection sensitivity and reproducibility.
This thesis is mainly focused on the analysis of some biological samples using pre-treatment methods such as PMME, liquid-liquid extraction, pre-column derivatization combined with HPLC, LC-MS techniques. The main research contents are as follows:
1. Introduce some biological sample pre-treatment methods and the updated development direction, giving a brief introduction to the research of the brain cytochrome P450.
2. Established a method, which use chlorzoxazone as substrate and combined liquid-liquid extraction with LC-MS method to detect CYP2E1enzymatic activity of microsomal in different brain regions of rats. The method is simple and much higher sensitivity than HPLC method as reported previously, which requires a small size of samples and meets individualized detection of different brain regions of rats.
3. Established two methods to detect of CYP2D6enzymatic activity in different brain regions of rats, which uses dextromethorphan as substrate, one combined PMME with LC-MS online and another combined liquid-liquid extraction with LC-MS/MS.
4. To establish an analysis method which uses2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine as derivative reagent and combined Poly (MAA-co-EGDMA) monolith microextraction with HPLC to detect the concentration of5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in coffee, honey, beer, cola and urine. The method with high sensitivity and superior precision and accuracy is especially suitable for the trace detection of5-Hydroxymethylfurfural among some complex samples such as food, medicine, biological samples and so on.
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