碎裂岩体用作高混凝土重力坝坝基的可能性评价
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摘要
金沙江金安桥水电站坝基及两岸较低高程部位的玄武岩体裂隙面上普遍有绿泥石薄膜,这种玄武岩岩体称为裂面绿泥石化岩体。由于裂面绿泥石化的结构面分布密度大,按现行国家标准GB50287-99(水利水电工程地质勘察规范),对应的岩体结构为碎裂～镶嵌碎裂结构,对应的岩体质量为Ⅳ～Ⅲ_2级岩体,但原位条件下岩体镶嵌十分紧密,这类特殊岩体能否作为高混凝土重力坝坝基,理论意义和工程意义都较重大。论文以金安桥水电站裂面绿泥石化岩体能否用作坝基为主题,主要进行了如下内容的研究:
(1) 通过现场调查与分析,查明了绿泥石化裂面的发育特征:主要发育在玄武岩柱状节理上;绿泥石对两侧的岩石有一定的粘结作用;裂面倾角陡,迹长短。
(2) 结合现场调查与室内分析成果,认为坝址裂面绿泥石是玄武岩后期热液蚀变形成或热液中绿泥石沉淀于裂壁形成,在时代上基本与玄武岩同期。
(3) 对于裂面绿泥石化岩体,按照国标GB50287-99各评价指标划分出的岩体结构类型表现了明显的不一致,可见金安桥水电站坝基裂面绿泥石化岩体是一种新的特殊碎裂岩体。论文认为该岩体尽管碎裂,但却是原位下的碎裂,完全不同于构造作用形成的破碎带、岩块间有错位的碎裂岩体,对这一类新的岩体,本论文将其定名为“原位镶嵌碎裂岩体”。该紧密的“原位镶嵌碎裂岩体”有一些特征:具有“似完整性”;岩体渗透性很弱,岩体波速、完整性、变形模量高。论文提出了该岩体的岩体结构分类方案。
(4) 现场与室内试验表明,在原位或较小扰动条件下,裂面绿泥石化岩体的强度与变形参数量值均较高。室内玄武岩碎块高压试验成果(最大压力为750MPa)揭示了金安桥水电站原位镶嵌碎裂岩体变形模量基本量值在10GPa以上。
(5) 根据“原位镶嵌碎裂岩体”的特点,在进行岩体质量分级时,确定了主要量化指标为Vp、Kv、f、C′,E、Lu等,论证了上述各指标间的较好的相关性,提出了岩体质量分级方案,进行了岩体力学参数评价。
(6) 以力学参数、渗透性指标以及岩体质量级别为核心,进行了多种方式的建基面选择,突破了单纯依据风化分带选择建基面的限制,最终确定的建基面在河床中心ZK9位置距离基岩顶板距离为6.5m。
(7) 采用有限元法计算了坝基最大沉降量为0.017～0.037m。考虑到在坝体开挖时要采取一些措施减少该类岩体的松弛量,基本不存在变形稳定性问题。
(8) 论文通过三维实体模型切割来确定抗滑稳定性边界,然后采用滑面应力状态对坝基抗滑稳定性进行了验算,认为基本上不存在抗滑稳定性问题。
Basalts with chloritized joints were distributed in dam foundation and two banks of low altitude in Jin'anqiao hydroelectric station, and these special basalts were named basalts with chloritized joints. Basalts were cutting severely by dense chloritized joints. In the light of current code for water resources and hydropower engineering geological investigation(GB50287-99), types of rock mass structure should be inlaid cataclastic structure or cataclastic structure, and types of rock mass quality should be grade IV or grade IQ2, but in situ condition, basalts closely locked. Could these special rock masses been used as foundation of high concrete gravity dam? The study of basalts with chloritized joints had theoretical and engineering significance. So taking Jin'anQiao hydroelectric station on Jinsha River as an example, some problems closely related to the stability of rock mass surrounding dam foundation were analyzed in detail from the engineering geologic points of view. And the main contents of this dissertation were:(1) Through field investigation and analysis, found out developmental characteristics of basalts with chloritized joints: chlorites mainly developed in basalt columnar joints; chlorites having some cementing action for two sides basalts; chloritized joints with steep angle of dips; chloritized joints with short traces.(2)According to field and indoor investigations and tests, genetic mechanism of chloritized joints were analyzed in detail. The formation of chlorites in basalt joints had two modes: first mode was hydrothermal alteration after formation of basalts, second mode was that chlorites in thermal fluid had deposited on two walls of joints.(3)Using indexes of Code of GB50287-99 to appraise the rock mass structure types of the basalts with chloritized joints, results had distinct disagreements. So the basalts with chloritized joints of Jin'anqiao hydroelectric station dam foundation were new special cataclastic structure rock masses. These cataclastic structure rock masses were discreted in situ, and differentiated with fracture zone by tectonic process or displacement. In this dissertation, these new special structure rock masses were named inlaid cataclastic structure rock mass in situ. The inlaid cataclastic structure rock mass in situ had some characteristics: with quasi-integrality; low permeability, high rock mass wave velocity, high deformation modulus. Based on these characteristics, put forward the rock mass structure classification scheme of these new inlaid cataclastic rock mass in situ.(4)According to field and indoor investigations and tests, under the conditions of in situ or slight disturbance, basalts with chloritized joints had high intensive and deformation parameters. Results of indoor basalt fragments high-pressure test(maximum pressure:750MPa) proved that the inlaid cataclastic rock mass in situ of Jin'anqiao hydroelectric station dam foundation had high deformation modulus (more
(1) 通过现场调查与分析,查明了绿泥石化裂面的发育特征:主要发育在玄武岩柱状节理上;绿泥石对两侧的岩石有一定的粘结作用;裂面倾角陡,迹长短。
(2) 结合现场调查与室内分析成果,认为坝址裂面绿泥石是玄武岩后期热液蚀变形成或热液中绿泥石沉淀于裂壁形成,在时代上基本与玄武岩同期。
(3) 对于裂面绿泥石化岩体,按照国标GB50287-99各评价指标划分出的岩体结构类型表现了明显的不一致,可见金安桥水电站坝基裂面绿泥石化岩体是一种新的特殊碎裂岩体。论文认为该岩体尽管碎裂,但却是原位下的碎裂,完全不同于构造作用形成的破碎带、岩块间有错位的碎裂岩体,对这一类新的岩体,本论文将其定名为“原位镶嵌碎裂岩体”。该紧密的“原位镶嵌碎裂岩体”有一些特征:具有“似完整性”;岩体渗透性很弱,岩体波速、完整性、变形模量高。论文提出了该岩体的岩体结构分类方案。
(4) 现场与室内试验表明,在原位或较小扰动条件下,裂面绿泥石化岩体的强度与变形参数量值均较高。室内玄武岩碎块高压试验成果(最大压力为750MPa)揭示了金安桥水电站原位镶嵌碎裂岩体变形模量基本量值在10GPa以上。
(5) 根据“原位镶嵌碎裂岩体”的特点,在进行岩体质量分级时,确定了主要量化指标为Vp、Kv、f、C′,E、Lu等,论证了上述各指标间的较好的相关性,提出了岩体质量分级方案,进行了岩体力学参数评价。
(6) 以力学参数、渗透性指标以及岩体质量级别为核心,进行了多种方式的建基面选择,突破了单纯依据风化分带选择建基面的限制,最终确定的建基面在河床中心ZK9位置距离基岩顶板距离为6.5m。
(7) 采用有限元法计算了坝基最大沉降量为0.017～0.037m。考虑到在坝体开挖时要采取一些措施减少该类岩体的松弛量,基本不存在变形稳定性问题。
(8) 论文通过三维实体模型切割来确定抗滑稳定性边界,然后采用滑面应力状态对坝基抗滑稳定性进行了验算,认为基本上不存在抗滑稳定性问题。
Basalts with chloritized joints were distributed in dam foundation and two banks of low altitude in Jin'anqiao hydroelectric station, and these special basalts were named basalts with chloritized joints. Basalts were cutting severely by dense chloritized joints. In the light of current code for water resources and hydropower engineering geological investigation(GB50287-99), types of rock mass structure should be inlaid cataclastic structure or cataclastic structure, and types of rock mass quality should be grade IV or grade IQ2, but in situ condition, basalts closely locked. Could these special rock masses been used as foundation of high concrete gravity dam? The study of basalts with chloritized joints had theoretical and engineering significance. So taking Jin'anQiao hydroelectric station on Jinsha River as an example, some problems closely related to the stability of rock mass surrounding dam foundation were analyzed in detail from the engineering geologic points of view. And the main contents of this dissertation were:(1) Through field investigation and analysis, found out developmental characteristics of basalts with chloritized joints: chlorites mainly developed in basalt columnar joints; chlorites having some cementing action for two sides basalts; chloritized joints with steep angle of dips; chloritized joints with short traces.(2)According to field and indoor investigations and tests, genetic mechanism of chloritized joints were analyzed in detail. The formation of chlorites in basalt joints had two modes: first mode was hydrothermal alteration after formation of basalts, second mode was that chlorites in thermal fluid had deposited on two walls of joints.(3)Using indexes of Code of GB50287-99 to appraise the rock mass structure types of the basalts with chloritized joints, results had distinct disagreements. So the basalts with chloritized joints of Jin'anqiao hydroelectric station dam foundation were new special cataclastic structure rock masses. These cataclastic structure rock masses were discreted in situ, and differentiated with fracture zone by tectonic process or displacement. In this dissertation, these new special structure rock masses were named inlaid cataclastic structure rock mass in situ. The inlaid cataclastic structure rock mass in situ had some characteristics: with quasi-integrality; low permeability, high rock mass wave velocity, high deformation modulus. Based on these characteristics, put forward the rock mass structure classification scheme of these new inlaid cataclastic rock mass in situ.(4)According to field and indoor investigations and tests, under the conditions of in situ or slight disturbance, basalts with chloritized joints had high intensive and deformation parameters. Results of indoor basalt fragments high-pressure test(maximum pressure:750MPa) proved that the inlaid cataclastic rock mass in situ of Jin'anqiao hydroelectric station dam foundation had high deformation modulus (more
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