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西准噶尔宏远斑岩型钼(铜)矿地质特征及成因
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摘要
宏远钼(铜)矿床产于新疆西准噶尔达尔布特南构造岩浆岩带的宏远斑岩体中。斑岩体岩性为灰色花岗闪长斑岩、灰白色二长花岗斑岩。侵位于石炭系及晚石炭世加甫沙尔苏岩体中。达尔布特南构造岩浆岩带是中亚成矿带的重要组成部分,大地构造位于唐巴勒—卡拉麦里古生代复合沟弧带与准噶尔中央地块结合部位,侵入岩发育,构造活动强烈,成矿条件优越。近年来,此带分别发现了吐克吐克铜(金)矿床、宏远钼(铜)矿床和红山铜矿点。目前,包括前人发现和评价的包古图斑岩金(铜)矿床在内,在达尔布特断裂带南东盘的多数岩体中均已有斑岩铜—钼—金矿(化)的发现,初步显现出本区是一个斑岩型铜—钼—金矿集区。
     论文在前人区域地质调查与研究成果的基础上,以成矿系统理论为指导,运用岩石学、构造地质学、矿床学、放射性同位素测年和示踪,主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素等多学科的方法进行了研究。
     宏远斑岩体为准铝质—过铝质A型花岗岩。于斑岩中新获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为302.20±3.1Ma和300.80±3.6M(与前人获得的301Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄十分接近);获得辉钼矿化带的辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为294.6±4.6Ma。成岩和成矿时代基本一致。斑岩体控矿裂隙发育较发育,控制着矿体的规模、形态、品位变化和产状。以矿体为中心,向两侧蚀变分带规律较清楚。由内向外依次为石英—绢云母化带、青磐岩化带,由内向外蚀变强度、矿化逐渐变弱。
     岩体具面状褐铁矿、孔雀石、辉钼矿化,岩体中发育密集的节理和裂隙,铜(钼)矿体厚度较大,矿化类型为细脉状、团斑状和浸染状;与成矿有关的围岩蚀变主要为钾化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化,总体特征表明宏远铜(钼)矿为典型斑岩型矿床。斑岩体值低(Sr)i。Sr-Nd同位素组成表明成岩及成矿中有地幔物质的混染。
     宏远钼(铜)矿不同于该成矿带上较早发现的包古图埃达克质斑岩(铜)金矿,这为该区寻找新的斑岩型矿床类型提供了新信息。
The Hongyuan porphyry Mo (Cu) deposit, discovered in2010, is located in the WestJunggar region of Xinjiang of northwest China. The rock type of the Hongyuan plutonincludes granodiorite and Monzogranite. The deposit is hosted within the Karamaygranodiorite porphyry that intruded into Early Carboniferous sedimentary strata andJiafusaersu pluton. The southern Darbut teoctonic magmatic metallogenic belts is theimportant part of the huge Central Asia metallogenic domain. The belt is located in thecollage zone between Tangbale composite trench-arc belt and Junggar central block andhas the predominant metallogenic capacity because of the extensive magmatim and strongtectonic activity. Recent years, preliminary studies in terms of field geological mapping,mineral resources surveys, structural geology, and petrography, geochemistry andgeochronology of several key plutonic bodies in west Junggar have allowed us to findsome new ore occurrences including Tuketuke porphyry copper(molybdenum) deposit,Hongyuan porphyry molybdenum (copper) deposit and Hongshan porphyrycopper(molybdenum) deposit reported in this paper, and to characterize these porphyrydeposits. Consenquently, the southern Darbut teoctonic magmatic metallogenic belts canbe presented in west Junggar based on the spatial and temporal distribution and therock-type of ore-bearing intrusive bodies for these ore occurrences associated with theBaogutu copper-gold deposit in the Western segment of the belt.
     Combing the previous study results, this paper researches the deposit using petrology,structural geology, mineral deposit geology, radioisotope dating and tracing, major andtrace elements in terms of the metallogenic system theory.
     LA-ICPMS U-Pb method was used to date the zircons from the peraluminous A-typegranodiorite samples of the porphyry. Analyses of12spots of zircons from thegranodiorite samples yield a U-Pb weighted mean age of302.20±3.1Ma300.80±3.6M (2).Re-Os dating for five molybdenite samples obtained from two prospecting trenches andthree outcrops in the deposit yield a Re-Os isochron age of294.6±4.6Ma (2). TheRe-Os isochron age of the molybdenite is consistent with the U-Pb age of the granodioriteporphyry.
     The joint and fissure of the porphyry control the scale, morphology, grade andoccurrences of the orebodies. The Quartz-sericite zone, propylitic alteration zone from thecenter to rim of the porphyry suggested the alteration intensity increase from the center tothe outer. The pluton suffered from the alteration of planar limonite, intensive development of malachite, molybdenite mineralization and rock joints and fractures are observed in thepluton everywhere. The thickness Cu (Mo) mineralization type is fine veined, Leagueporphyritic and disseminated; the alteration of wall rock related to mineralization aremainly potassic, chlorite, sericite, epidote petrochemical. These general characteristicsindicate that the Hongyuan Mo (Cu) deposit is typical porphyry deposit. Low initial Sr (Sri)and Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the porphyry demonstrated the contamination of themantle material in the magmatism and mineralization.
     The Hongyuan Mo (Cu) deposit are different from the Baogutu Au(Cu) depositrelated to the adakitic porphyry which are discovered early in this belt. The results providea new significance information for the exploration of new porphyry deposits.
引文
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