继电保护计算机辅助整定计算综合软件研究与开发
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摘要
电力系统继电保护整定计算微机化是电力系统继电保护整定工作自动化中重要的一环。本文在借鉴国内外继电保护整定系统开发的宝贵经验基础上，结合中国电力部门的实际运行经验，开发出了新型的具用图形用户界面和强大数据库支持的继电保护计算机辅助整定计算软件，本文详细介绍了该软件各模块的功能特点及开发研制的方法。
首先，第一章论述了计算机辅助继电保护整定计算软件开发的必要性，介绍了该领域研究发展的历史、现状及未来。第二章着重介绍了软件的结构和开发环境。然后，第三章通过引入面向对象的软件设计思想，讲述了软件的图形程序设计方法，包括人机接口和图形用户界面的创建，系统主接线图、阻抗图、定值图的绘制，图形化操作的实现等。
第四章讲述软件的数据库管理模块的开发，详细介绍了数据库结构和各种系统结构参数和元件参数表的设计。数据库技术的引入实现了高水平的信息存贮、查询、统计和综合分析。第五章介绍软件的网络拓扑分析模块，重点在于图论分析方法在继电保护整定计算中的应用，即：如何在网络中以有向图的有向支路代表方向继电器，找出所有有向简单回路，决定整定计算的起始点，并利用节点—支路关联矩阵搜索阶段式保护的主／后备关系，从而确定保护整定配合次序。
第六章介绍了软件的整定计算模块的开发，内容包括各种不同类型的保护的整定计算程序设计，故障计算原理，整定计算中的一些特殊问题和各种典型保护的整定计算原则。第七章提供了一个典型环网的算例，论证软件的正确性和可靠性。
最后，第八章对继电保护计算机辅助整定计算软件总体性能进行了全面评估，并指出了今后进一步研究的方向。
With the development of modern computer technology, relay engineers are paying more attention to computer-aided relay setting computation to release the manual work. To meet the requirement, we developed a new type of computer-aided relay setting software with graphic operation and database support. The paper describes the structure and function of each module and the developing procedure and it's design ways.
Chapter 1 shows us the background and future of computer-aided relay setting software. Chapter 2 gives a brief introduction to the software structure and function. The application of graphic programming design is presented in Chapter 3. With the OOP idea, the software can support graphic operation via a friendly user interface. The database management module, which can make the software easier to deal with various data concerned in the procedure of relay setting, is talked in Chapter 4.
Chapter 5 provides a solution to the optimal coordination ordering for directional relays in complex multi-loop system by applying graph theory. The first task is to search all the simple directional, simple loops and the minimal break point set to determine the start point of the setting calculation. Subsequently, the primary/backup pairs between the piecewise relays are enumerated by analysis of the node-branch incidence matrix. Finally, the coordinating order in relay setting can be obtained.
The development and design of relay setting module is described in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 gives a computation example to verify the practicability and validity of the software. At the end of this paper, some main conclusions are summarized and some proposals are suggested for further development of this software.
首先，第一章论述了计算机辅助继电保护整定计算软件开发的必要性，介绍了该领域研究发展的历史、现状及未来。第二章着重介绍了软件的结构和开发环境。然后，第三章通过引入面向对象的软件设计思想，讲述了软件的图形程序设计方法，包括人机接口和图形用户界面的创建，系统主接线图、阻抗图、定值图的绘制，图形化操作的实现等。
第四章讲述软件的数据库管理模块的开发，详细介绍了数据库结构和各种系统结构参数和元件参数表的设计。数据库技术的引入实现了高水平的信息存贮、查询、统计和综合分析。第五章介绍软件的网络拓扑分析模块，重点在于图论分析方法在继电保护整定计算中的应用，即：如何在网络中以有向图的有向支路代表方向继电器，找出所有有向简单回路，决定整定计算的起始点，并利用节点—支路关联矩阵搜索阶段式保护的主／后备关系，从而确定保护整定配合次序。
第六章介绍了软件的整定计算模块的开发，内容包括各种不同类型的保护的整定计算程序设计，故障计算原理，整定计算中的一些特殊问题和各种典型保护的整定计算原则。第七章提供了一个典型环网的算例，论证软件的正确性和可靠性。
最后，第八章对继电保护计算机辅助整定计算软件总体性能进行了全面评估，并指出了今后进一步研究的方向。
With the development of modern computer technology, relay engineers are paying more attention to computer-aided relay setting computation to release the manual work. To meet the requirement, we developed a new type of computer-aided relay setting software with graphic operation and database support. The paper describes the structure and function of each module and the developing procedure and it's design ways.
Chapter 1 shows us the background and future of computer-aided relay setting software. Chapter 2 gives a brief introduction to the software structure and function. The application of graphic programming design is presented in Chapter 3. With the OOP idea, the software can support graphic operation via a friendly user interface. The database management module, which can make the software easier to deal with various data concerned in the procedure of relay setting, is talked in Chapter 4.
Chapter 5 provides a solution to the optimal coordination ordering for directional relays in complex multi-loop system by applying graph theory. The first task is to search all the simple directional, simple loops and the minimal break point set to determine the start point of the setting calculation. Subsequently, the primary/backup pairs between the piecewise relays are enumerated by analysis of the node-branch incidence matrix. Finally, the coordinating order in relay setting can be obtained.
The development and design of relay setting module is described in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 gives a computation example to verify the practicability and validity of the software. At the end of this paper, some main conclusions are summarized and some proposals are suggested for further development of this software.
引文
1. Damborg M J, Ramaswami R, Venkata S S, et al. Computer Aided Transmission Protection System Design, Part Ⅰ: Algorithms, IEEE—PAS, 1984, 103 (1) : 104—114
2. Ramaswami R, Damborg M J, Venkata S S, et al. Enhanced Algorithms for Transmission Protective Relay Coordination IEEE-PWRD, 1986, 1 (1) : 280—287
3. R. E. Albrecht et al, Digital computer Protective Device Coordination Program Ⅰ—General Program Description, IEEE Transactions on PAS, Vol. 83, No. 4, April 1964, pp. 402-410.
4. IEEE Committee Report, Computer aided coordination of line protection schemes, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 6, No. 2, April, 1991, pp. 575-583
5. Bapaswara Rao V V. Sankara Rao K. Computer Aided Coordination of Directional Relays: Determination of Break Points, IEEE-PWRD, 1988, 3(2) : 51-59
6. M. J. Damborg et al, Computer Aided Transmission Protection System Design, Part Ⅰ:Algorithms, IEEE Transactions on PAS, Vol. PAS-103, January 1984, pp. 51-59
7. R. Ramaswami et al, Computer Aided Transmission Protection System Design, Part Ⅱ : Implementation and Results, IEEE Transactions on PAS, Vol. PAS-103, January 1984, pp. 60-65
8. R. Ramaswami et al, Enhanced Algorithms for Transmission Protective Relay Coordination, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-1, No. January 1986, pp. 280-287
9. M. J. Damborg et al, Application of Relational Data Base to Computer-aided-Engineering of Transmission Protection Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-1, No. 2, May 1986, pp. 187-193
10. S. Svenkate et al, C. A. E. Software for Transmission Protection Systems: Puger Power Experience, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-2, No. 3, July 1987, pp. 691-698
11. A. J. Urdarata and L. G. Perez Jimezez, Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays: in Interconnected Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, July 1988, pp. 903-911
12. A. K. Jampals et al, Adaptive Transmission Protection: Concepts and Computational Issues, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No. 2, April
1988, pp. 509-513
13. L. L. Lai, An Expert System Used in Power System Protection, IFAC Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Seoul, Korea, 1989, pp. 189-194
14. M. H. Dwarakanath and L. Nowitz, An Application of Linear Graph Theory for Cooordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays, Electric Power Problems—The Mathematical Challenge, Proceedings of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics(SIAM) Meeting, Seattle, WA, March 18-20, 1980, pp. 104-114
15. A. H. Knable, A Standardized Approach to Relay Coordination, IEEE Winter Power Meeting, 69 cp 58, 1969
16. V. V. B. Rao and K. S. Rao, Computer-aided Coordination of overcurrent Relays: Determination of Break Points, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No. 2, April 1986, pp. 545-548
17. S. J. Lee et al, Proset: An Expert System for Protective Relay Setting, IFAC Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Seoul Korea, 1989, pp. 159-499
18. R. Ramaswami, Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Transmission Systems—A Subsystem Approach, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volo5, No. 1, Januany 1990 pp. 64-70
19. Kawahara, K, Sasaki, H, Kubokawa, J, Sugihara, H, An expert system for supporting protective relay setting for transmission lines, Developments in Power System Protection, Fifth International Conference, 1993, pp. 203-206
20. Yu-Lung Ke, Chen-Ting Hsu, Chao-Shun Chen, Protective relay setting of the tie line tripping and load shedding for the industrial power system, Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1999 IEEE, May 1999, pp. 773-776
21. Li, K. K, So, C. W, Evolutionary algorithm for protection relay setting coordination, Power System Technology, Vol. 2, Dec. 2000, pp. 813-817
22. Seung-Jae Lee, Myeon-Song Choi, Sang-Hee Kang, An integrated protective relay setting system with OOP-based open system architecture, Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE, Vol 3, Jan. 2000, pp. 1849-1854
23. Grunert, H., Integrated solution for simulation, setting and testing of protective relays with improved parameter determination, Developments in Power System Protection, Seventh International Conference on (IEE) , April 2001, pp. 29-32
24. Eltom, A. H., Harnchotipun R, Microprocessor-based relay laboratory with industry support, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, IEEE, Vol 3,
July 2002, pp. 1457-1461
25．陈树柏，《网络图论及其应用》，科学出版社，1982
26．言昭，“应用图论优化复杂环网继电保护整定配合的简便算法”，电力系统自动化学报，1989，No．1，pp．80—86
27．王旭蕊，邵秋晓，陈允平，“继电保护整定计算中的图论方法”，《继电器》，1992，No．1，pp．2-12
28．吕飞鹏，李华强等，“多环复杂电网方向保护全网最优配合的研究”，《电力系统自动化》，1998，No．8，pp．33-37与No．9，pp．55—56
29．吕飞鹏，米麟书，姜可薰，“基于ANN的环网方向保护配合最小断点集的计算”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．6，pp．30-33与No．8，pp．19-22
30．言昭等，“电力系统大接地电流网络零序保护整定计算应用软件的研究”，《继电器》，1986，No．1
31．吕飞鹏，米麟书，姜可薰，“面向对象的电网零序保护整定计算CAD系统的研究”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．11，pp．7—9
32．陈维荣等，“神经网络在继电保护及故障诊断中的应用”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．5，pp．5-9
33．崔家佩等，《电力系统继电保护与安全自动装置整定计算》，水利电力出版社，1993
34．陈永琳，《电力系统继电保护的计算机整定计算》，中国电力出版社，1994
35．王梅义等，《高压电网继电保护运行技术》，电力工业出版社，1981
36．朱声石，《高压电网继电保护原理与技术》，中国电力出版社，1995
37．米麟书、刘芳宁，《电力系统故障的计算机辅助分析》，重庆大学出版社，1992
38．米麟书、江世芳，《电网继电保护的计算机辅助分析》，水利电力出版社，1995
39．许建安，《继电保护整定计算》，中国水利水电出版社，2001
40．王旭蕊，邵秋晓，陈允平，“继电保护机辅整定计算中的图论方法”，《继电器》，1992，No．1
41．陈允平，王旭蕊，邵秋晓，“继电保护机辅整定中形成简单回路的新方法”，《电网技术》，1993，No．3
42．陈允平，周泽昕，李强，“继电保护定值计算机计算中的图论新算法”，《电网技术》，1995，No．4，pp．31-37
43．朱晓华，“高压电网线路零序和距离保护计算实用程序”，《继电器》，1999，No．1，pp．32—33
44．葛耀中，“自适应继电保护及其前景展望”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．9，pp．42—46
45．吕飞鹏，李华强，张军文，“110-500kv电网继电保护整定计算专家系统研
究”，《继电器》，2000，No．3，pp．29—32
46．王威，郁惟镛，张沛超，“面向对象的继电保护整定计算专家系统的研究”，《电力系统及其自动化学报》，2001，No．2，pp．1—3
47．张超，“继电保护整定计算专家系统的介绍”，《继电器》，2003，No．2，pp．18-20
48．吴茂林，“图形化电网故障分析及继电保护定值整定管理软件”，《电力情报》，2000，No．3，pp．26-31
49．袁斌，马维新等，“图形方式短路电流计算软件的研究”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．3，pp．43-46
50．张超，“图形程序设计在继电保护计算机辅助整定计算软件开发中的应用”，《继电器》，2002，No．2，pp．34—36
51．曹国臣，韩蕾，祝滨，“大电网分布式自适应继电保护系统的实现方法”，《电力系统自动化》，2000，No．7，pp．19-22
52．曾克娥，李银红，石东源，段献忠，“继电保护整定计算软件中数据结构的探讨”，《继电器》，2002，No．1，pp．25-28
53．曾耿晖，李银红，段献忠，“电力系统继电保护定值的在线校核”，《继电器》，2002，No．1，pp．22-24
54．张沛超，郁惟镛，李翔，“应用UML开发智能继电保护的整定计算程序”，《电网技术》，2001，No．4，pp．32-35
55．卢金滇，李端超，“基于Intranet技术构建继电保护管理信息系统”，《电力自动化设备》，2002，No．4，pp．71-73
56．杨光，王慧芳，“基于Web的发电厂继电保护整定与信息管理系统”，《电网技术》，2002，No．4，pp．30-33
57．康文祥，刘建新，“COM+在继电保护整定计算中的应用”，《电力科学与工程》，2003，No．1，pp．78-80
58．中华人民共和国电力工业部，《220—500kV电网继电保护装置运行整定规程》，1994．12
2. Ramaswami R, Damborg M J, Venkata S S, et al. Enhanced Algorithms for Transmission Protective Relay Coordination IEEE-PWRD, 1986, 1 (1) : 280—287
3. R. E. Albrecht et al, Digital computer Protective Device Coordination Program Ⅰ—General Program Description, IEEE Transactions on PAS, Vol. 83, No. 4, April 1964, pp. 402-410.
4. IEEE Committee Report, Computer aided coordination of line protection schemes, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 6, No. 2, April, 1991, pp. 575-583
5. Bapaswara Rao V V. Sankara Rao K. Computer Aided Coordination of Directional Relays: Determination of Break Points, IEEE-PWRD, 1988, 3(2) : 51-59
6. M. J. Damborg et al, Computer Aided Transmission Protection System Design, Part Ⅰ:Algorithms, IEEE Transactions on PAS, Vol. PAS-103, January 1984, pp. 51-59
7. R. Ramaswami et al, Computer Aided Transmission Protection System Design, Part Ⅱ : Implementation and Results, IEEE Transactions on PAS, Vol. PAS-103, January 1984, pp. 60-65
8. R. Ramaswami et al, Enhanced Algorithms for Transmission Protective Relay Coordination, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-1, No. January 1986, pp. 280-287
9. M. J. Damborg et al, Application of Relational Data Base to Computer-aided-Engineering of Transmission Protection Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-1, No. 2, May 1986, pp. 187-193
10. S. Svenkate et al, C. A. E. Software for Transmission Protection Systems: Puger Power Experience, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. PWRD-2, No. 3, July 1987, pp. 691-698
11. A. J. Urdarata and L. G. Perez Jimezez, Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays: in Interconnected Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, July 1988, pp. 903-911
12. A. K. Jampals et al, Adaptive Transmission Protection: Concepts and Computational Issues, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No. 2, April
1988, pp. 509-513
13. L. L. Lai, An Expert System Used in Power System Protection, IFAC Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Seoul, Korea, 1989, pp. 189-194
14. M. H. Dwarakanath and L. Nowitz, An Application of Linear Graph Theory for Cooordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays, Electric Power Problems—The Mathematical Challenge, Proceedings of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics(SIAM) Meeting, Seattle, WA, March 18-20, 1980, pp. 104-114
15. A. H. Knable, A Standardized Approach to Relay Coordination, IEEE Winter Power Meeting, 69 cp 58, 1969
16. V. V. B. Rao and K. S. Rao, Computer-aided Coordination of overcurrent Relays: Determination of Break Points, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No. 2, April 1986, pp. 545-548
17. S. J. Lee et al, Proset: An Expert System for Protective Relay Setting, IFAC Power Systems and Power Plant Control, Seoul Korea, 1989, pp. 159-499
18. R. Ramaswami, Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Transmission Systems—A Subsystem Approach, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volo5, No. 1, Januany 1990 pp. 64-70
19. Kawahara, K, Sasaki, H, Kubokawa, J, Sugihara, H, An expert system for supporting protective relay setting for transmission lines, Developments in Power System Protection, Fifth International Conference, 1993, pp. 203-206
20. Yu-Lung Ke, Chen-Ting Hsu, Chao-Shun Chen, Protective relay setting of the tie line tripping and load shedding for the industrial power system, Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, 1999 IEEE, May 1999, pp. 773-776
21. Li, K. K, So, C. W, Evolutionary algorithm for protection relay setting coordination, Power System Technology, Vol. 2, Dec. 2000, pp. 813-817
22. Seung-Jae Lee, Myeon-Song Choi, Sang-Hee Kang, An integrated protective relay setting system with OOP-based open system architecture, Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE, Vol 3, Jan. 2000, pp. 1849-1854
23. Grunert, H., Integrated solution for simulation, setting and testing of protective relays with improved parameter determination, Developments in Power System Protection, Seventh International Conference on (IEE) , April 2001, pp. 29-32
24. Eltom, A. H., Harnchotipun R, Microprocessor-based relay laboratory with industry support, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, IEEE, Vol 3,
July 2002, pp. 1457-1461
25．陈树柏，《网络图论及其应用》，科学出版社，1982
26．言昭，“应用图论优化复杂环网继电保护整定配合的简便算法”，电力系统自动化学报，1989，No．1，pp．80—86
27．王旭蕊，邵秋晓，陈允平，“继电保护整定计算中的图论方法”，《继电器》，1992，No．1，pp．2-12
28．吕飞鹏，李华强等，“多环复杂电网方向保护全网最优配合的研究”，《电力系统自动化》，1998，No．8，pp．33-37与No．9，pp．55—56
29．吕飞鹏，米麟书，姜可薰，“基于ANN的环网方向保护配合最小断点集的计算”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．6，pp．30-33与No．8，pp．19-22
30．言昭等，“电力系统大接地电流网络零序保护整定计算应用软件的研究”，《继电器》，1986，No．1
31．吕飞鹏，米麟书，姜可薰，“面向对象的电网零序保护整定计算CAD系统的研究”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．11，pp．7—9
32．陈维荣等，“神经网络在继电保护及故障诊断中的应用”，《电力系统自动化》，1997，No．5，pp．5-9
33．崔家佩等，《电力系统继电保护与安全自动装置整定计算》，水利电力出版社，1993
34．陈永琳，《电力系统继电保护的计算机整定计算》，中国电力出版社，1994
35．王梅义等，《高压电网继电保护运行技术》，电力工业出版社，1981
36．朱声石，《高压电网继电保护原理与技术》，中国电力出版社，1995
37．米麟书、刘芳宁，《电力系统故障的计算机辅助分析》，重庆大学出版社，1992
38．米麟书、江世芳，《电网继电保护的计算机辅助分析》，水利电力出版社，1995
39．许建安，《继电保护整定计算》，中国水利水电出版社，2001
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