HFC网络双向通信关键技术研究
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摘要
本文针对现有双向HFC网络方案，存在的上行噪声的汇聚和积累，同轴电缆分配网络上行与下行信号电平差太大会引起交互调制，以及上行信道竞争与分配等技术难题，提出基于传统树型拓扑分配结构的双向通信设计方案。并针对制约上行传输的技术问题，设计了相应的实现方式和流程，以实现相应业务功能(如音视频业务、数据业务、互联网通信等)，提供所谓的全业务网。
本文主要论述五个大问题。第一，首先对现有HFC网络技术进行分析与比较，指出集中分配方式的缺点。第二，我们对基于树型分配方案的可行性进行论证，主要论述实现双向通信难度最大的电缆分配网络部分。第三，在上下行数据传输工作体制的技术选择部分，给出了基于ATM传输技术在双向HFC网络上实现CBR(恒定比特率)、VBR(可变比特率)的具体技术应用，以此实现网络中的广播、组播和点播业务。第四，在HFC网络中，为避免多点到单点的上传信道存在的总线冲突，提出采用令牌总线方式是较为理想的一种方案，并对标准的IEEE802.4做了一些必要的改进工作，通过令牌级别管理，实现了带宽的动态分配，提高了信道的利用率。第五，在HFC网络的网络管理设计上，分析了基于电信管理网(TMN-based)和基于互联网(INTERNET-based)的两种网络管理信息模型。针对双向HFC网络的特点，创新地采用了TMN管理技术，并结合相关广播电视关于条件接入的相关规范，以及双向HFC网络的业务特点进行了模型构造和新变量的引入。
The key problem on the intercommunication is that noise converge in up channel will have a serious influence on the quality of bi-directional communication. At the same time, when the intercommunication was achieved, if the level difference between networks up and down direction distributed by coaxial cable is very big, it may generate the interactive modulation. In addition, these problems on the up channel contest and distribution are technical difficult in the reconstruction of the bi-directional transmission HFC network. This paper compares the current bi-directional reconstruction of the HFC with others, and proposes the design projects of intercommunication on the base of traditional structure. Also, with the technical problems on the constraint in up channel transmission, the implementation and flow are designed to carry out all kinds of services (such as audio & video, data services, internet communication and so on) and construct so called "Integrated Services Network".There are five important problems to be discussed in this paper. Firstly, we analyze and compare the present techniques of HFC network, and point out the disadvantages of the HUB-based distribution network. Secondly, we demonstrate the feasibilities of tree-topology distribution, and focus the dissertations on the most difficult part of coaxial cable distribution network. Thirdly, with the choice among the techniques used in up and down channel transmission, the specific applied method of the CBR (Constant Bit Rate) and VBR (Variety Bit Rate) in the HFC network by the ATM-based transmission are given, thus these services such as broadcast, multicast and order programme are achieved. Fourthly, the up channels from multi-point to single-point are similar to data-bus in the HFC, so the collisions should be avoided and solved. We can conclude that Token-Bus is perfect, but the IEEE 802.4 standard is so complex that we have made some necessary modifications in our design. So the speed of token circulation would be obviously increased, and the dynamic distribution and availability of bandwidth may be realized and improved by the level of token. Lastly, with the design of the HFC network management, we compare two models between the TMN-based network and the INTERNET-based network. In this paper, we adopt the TMN technique, and combine the correlative criterions of broadcast and the features of HFC services, to reconstruct the models and import the new variants.
本文主要论述五个大问题。第一，首先对现有HFC网络技术进行分析与比较，指出集中分配方式的缺点。第二，我们对基于树型分配方案的可行性进行论证，主要论述实现双向通信难度最大的电缆分配网络部分。第三，在上下行数据传输工作体制的技术选择部分，给出了基于ATM传输技术在双向HFC网络上实现CBR(恒定比特率)、VBR(可变比特率)的具体技术应用，以此实现网络中的广播、组播和点播业务。第四，在HFC网络中，为避免多点到单点的上传信道存在的总线冲突，提出采用令牌总线方式是较为理想的一种方案，并对标准的IEEE802.4做了一些必要的改进工作，通过令牌级别管理，实现了带宽的动态分配，提高了信道的利用率。第五，在HFC网络的网络管理设计上，分析了基于电信管理网(TMN-based)和基于互联网(INTERNET-based)的两种网络管理信息模型。针对双向HFC网络的特点，创新地采用了TMN管理技术，并结合相关广播电视关于条件接入的相关规范，以及双向HFC网络的业务特点进行了模型构造和新变量的引入。
The key problem on the intercommunication is that noise converge in up channel will have a serious influence on the quality of bi-directional communication. At the same time, when the intercommunication was achieved, if the level difference between networks up and down direction distributed by coaxial cable is very big, it may generate the interactive modulation. In addition, these problems on the up channel contest and distribution are technical difficult in the reconstruction of the bi-directional transmission HFC network. This paper compares the current bi-directional reconstruction of the HFC with others, and proposes the design projects of intercommunication on the base of traditional structure. Also, with the technical problems on the constraint in up channel transmission, the implementation and flow are designed to carry out all kinds of services (such as audio & video, data services, internet communication and so on) and construct so called "Integrated Services Network".There are five important problems to be discussed in this paper. Firstly, we analyze and compare the present techniques of HFC network, and point out the disadvantages of the HUB-based distribution network. Secondly, we demonstrate the feasibilities of tree-topology distribution, and focus the dissertations on the most difficult part of coaxial cable distribution network. Thirdly, with the choice among the techniques used in up and down channel transmission, the specific applied method of the CBR (Constant Bit Rate) and VBR (Variety Bit Rate) in the HFC network by the ATM-based transmission are given, thus these services such as broadcast, multicast and order programme are achieved. Fourthly, the up channels from multi-point to single-point are similar to data-bus in the HFC, so the collisions should be avoided and solved. We can conclude that Token-Bus is perfect, but the IEEE 802.4 standard is so complex that we have made some necessary modifications in our design. So the speed of token circulation would be obviously increased, and the dynamic distribution and availability of bandwidth may be realized and improved by the level of token. Lastly, with the design of the HFC network management, we compare two models between the TMN-based network and the INTERNET-based network. In this paper, we adopt the TMN technique, and combine the correlative criterions of broadcast and the features of HFC services, to reconstruct the models and import the new variants.
引文
[1] 宗瑞朝．有线电视多功能寻址用户路权管理的研究．《信息交流合编本上》，2003．11
[2] 唐春、吴顶．双向HFC网络投资方案比较分析．《信息交流合编本下》，2003．11
[3] 曹华民，王兴亮著．现代电视接收技术．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．02
[4] 张挺．侵入噪声的抑制．有线电视，2003年第6期
[5] 李征、王晓宁、金添著．接入网与接入技术．清华大学出版社，2003．01
[6] 罗钦骑等著．ATM在光纤同轴混合网上的应用．现代电信科技，1998．02第2期
[7] Ying-Dar Lin,Wei-Ming Yin,And Chen-Yu Huang,National Chiao Tung University "An investigation into HFC MAC protocols:mechanisms,implementation,and research issues" in IEEE Communications Surveys,Third quarter 2000.
[8] shay．W．A，译者高传善等．Understanding Data Communications&Networks．数据通信与网络教程，2000
[9] 中华人民共和国广播电影电视行业标准GY／T180-2001．HFC网络上行传输物理通道技术规范，2001—11—22
[10] 施蔚．CM和CMTS之间交互工作原理浅析．有线电视技术，2000(11)
[11] 关小敏．CM与CMTS之间的交互原理及调制技术分析．有限电视技术，2002年第23期
[12] 陈菲．CABLEMODEM终端系统网络端接口技术规范．有线电视技术，2003年第12期
[13] 刘为．等．应用MVC模式的TMNG接口研究与实现．高技术通讯，2003，13(3)：1-5．
[14] Mard Laubach. Using ATM over Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks. SPIE Proc.. 1995. 2609(10): 22—32
[15] 谢希仁，陈鸣等．计算机网络．北京．电子工业出版社，1996
[16] 郑勇、朱维乐．利用HFC接入Internel的MAC层协议设计与分析。通信技术，2001年第6期，总第117期
[17] Raymond Connterman.Integrated Services to the Home and small Business over a Service-Independent HFC Network.SPIE Proc.. 1995, 2609(1D): 39—49
[18] 刘修文．数字电视有线传输技术．电子工业出版社，2002年9月第1版
[19] 邵隽，陈文正，郑瑾著．双向HFC网络MAC协议的原理与实现．杭州电子工业学院学报，Vol．20，No．6，Dec．2000
[20] Jame E.Dail,Miguel A.Dijer.Adaptive Digital Access Protocol; A MAC Protocol for Multiservice Broadban Access Network.IEEE Communication Magazine,1996, 34(3): 104—112
[21] GY/T 106-1999．有线电视广播系统技术规范．1999
[22] GY 5063-1998．市、县级有线广播电视网设计规范．1998
[23] [美]Shlomo Ovadia著．韩煜国等译．宽带有线电视接入网．人民邮电出版社，200．10
[24] 唐宝民著．电信管理网Q3接口协议及其实现．中兴新通讯，1997．3(1)．3-7
[25] CCITT Recommendation X.720(1992) |ISO/IEC 10165-1 (1992). Information Technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Structure of Management Information: Management Information Model.
[26] CCITT Recommendation M.3100. Generic Network Information Model.
[27] 杨雅辉、王行刚著．一种基于分布式对象技术的层次化网络管理结构．计算机工程与应用，2000，36(2)．131-134
[28] 余兆明、余智等。数字电视传输与组网．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[29] GY／T170-2001．《有线数字电视广播信道编码与调制规范》，2001
[30] GY／T131-1997．有线电视网中光链路系统技术要求和测量方法，1997
[31] 关平．双向HFC网络中令牌总线接入方法研究．四川成都：四川大学，2004．
[32] 汪淮．TMN在双向HFC网络中的应用研究．四川成都：四川大学，2004．
[2] 唐春、吴顶．双向HFC网络投资方案比较分析．《信息交流合编本下》，2003．11
[3] 曹华民，王兴亮著．现代电视接收技术．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．02
[4] 张挺．侵入噪声的抑制．有线电视，2003年第6期
[5] 李征、王晓宁、金添著．接入网与接入技术．清华大学出版社，2003．01
[6] 罗钦骑等著．ATM在光纤同轴混合网上的应用．现代电信科技，1998．02第2期
[7] Ying-Dar Lin,Wei-Ming Yin,And Chen-Yu Huang,National Chiao Tung University "An investigation into HFC MAC protocols:mechanisms,implementation,and research issues" in IEEE Communications Surveys,Third quarter 2000.
[8] shay．W．A，译者高传善等．Understanding Data Communications&Networks．数据通信与网络教程，2000
[9] 中华人民共和国广播电影电视行业标准GY／T180-2001．HFC网络上行传输物理通道技术规范，2001—11—22
[10] 施蔚．CM和CMTS之间交互工作原理浅析．有线电视技术，2000(11)
[11] 关小敏．CM与CMTS之间的交互原理及调制技术分析．有限电视技术，2002年第23期
[12] 陈菲．CABLEMODEM终端系统网络端接口技术规范．有线电视技术，2003年第12期
[13] 刘为．等．应用MVC模式的TMNG接口研究与实现．高技术通讯，2003，13(3)：1-5．
[14] Mard Laubach. Using ATM over Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks. SPIE Proc.. 1995. 2609(10): 22—32
[15] 谢希仁，陈鸣等．计算机网络．北京．电子工业出版社，1996
[16] 郑勇、朱维乐．利用HFC接入Internel的MAC层协议设计与分析。通信技术，2001年第6期，总第117期
[17] Raymond Connterman.Integrated Services to the Home and small Business over a Service-Independent HFC Network.SPIE Proc.. 1995, 2609(1D): 39—49
[18] 刘修文．数字电视有线传输技术．电子工业出版社，2002年9月第1版
[19] 邵隽，陈文正，郑瑾著．双向HFC网络MAC协议的原理与实现．杭州电子工业学院学报，Vol．20，No．6，Dec．2000
[20] Jame E.Dail,Miguel A.Dijer.Adaptive Digital Access Protocol; A MAC Protocol for Multiservice Broadban Access Network.IEEE Communication Magazine,1996, 34(3): 104—112
[21] GY/T 106-1999．有线电视广播系统技术规范．1999
[22] GY 5063-1998．市、县级有线广播电视网设计规范．1998
[23] [美]Shlomo Ovadia著．韩煜国等译．宽带有线电视接入网．人民邮电出版社，200．10
[24] 唐宝民著．电信管理网Q3接口协议及其实现．中兴新通讯，1997．3(1)．3-7
[25] CCITT Recommendation X.720(1992) |ISO/IEC 10165-1 (1992). Information Technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Structure of Management Information: Management Information Model.
[26] CCITT Recommendation M.3100. Generic Network Information Model.
[27] 杨雅辉、王行刚著．一种基于分布式对象技术的层次化网络管理结构．计算机工程与应用，2000，36(2)．131-134
[28] 余兆明、余智等。数字电视传输与组网．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．
[29] GY／T170-2001．《有线数字电视广播信道编码与调制规范》，2001
[30] GY／T131-1997．有线电视网中光链路系统技术要求和测量方法，1997
[31] 关平．双向HFC网络中令牌总线接入方法研究．四川成都：四川大学，2004．
[32] 汪淮．TMN在双向HFC网络中的应用研究．四川成都：四川大学，2004．