HFC网络的全数字接收技术和MAC层研究
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摘要
用户接入网已成为了B-ISDN和信息高速的“瓶颈”问题。混合光纤／同轴电缆(HFC)网络是目前很有竞争力的宽带用户接入技术之一，有望解决信息高速公路的“最后一公里”问题。
HFC网络的关键在于上行信道多址接入技术。这需要解决两个主要问题：(1)设计合理有效的MAC协议，以解决多用户共享系统带宽资源问题；(2)物理层的突发模式传送技术。采用全数字接收技术可以减少突发接收机的前导字开销，从而提高信道传送效率，并且接收机的全数字化实现可以提高接收机的稳定性、兼容性和可重复性，具有很好的经济效益。本文的研究工作就是针对上述问题展开的。
第一章：回顾了HFC网络的发展背景、历史和现状。介绍了HFC网络上行信道的特性。概述了突发模式传送和全数字接收技术。
第二章：系统而全面地论述了全数字接收机的基本理论和实现方法问题。首先分析了数字化前端的模拟预滤波、采样率和中频配置等问题。深入研究了全数字极大似然最佳接收机的算法和结构。指出，全数字极大似然最佳接收机算法中包含非因果操作，是复杂、不可物理实现的，但是它可以作为次最优可实现算法和结构的基础。接着，详细分析了获得全数字接收机的可实现算法和结构的两种途径。深入讨论和研究了全数字接收机中的特殊问题—插值滤波器的设计和控制问题。指出全数字接收机采用多项式内插函数的主要理由是多项式插值滤波器易于硬件实现。最后给出一种新的多项式插值滤波器设计技术。
第三章：讨论了在多址接入信道上，往往需要实现的两极同步：网络同步和突发同步，并深入研究了突发同步问题。详细分析了全数字突发模式载波和位时钟同步技术。以多址接入信道上广泛采用的QPSK调制信号为模型，给出一类特定图案的前导字及基于该前导字的全数字突发模式快速同步参数恢复算法。同时，也给出了一种全数字无前导字突发模式PSK信号解调方案。讨论了HFC网络上行多址接入信道的特性和各种抗干扰技术，给出了基于MCNS协议的HFC网络上行多址接入信道全数字突发模式发射和接收机的具体实观。
第四章：讨论了适合HFC网络上行信道的两种多址接入技术：TDMA／FDMA和CDMA。深入研究了基于TDMA／FDMA的HFC网络MAC技术。分析比较了IEEE 802.14和MCNS协议的性能。详细研究了HFC网络用户站点加入过程。研究了HFC网络的DS-CDMA上行多址接入技术，主要是物理层方面要解决的一些问题。
The access networks have become the bottleneck of B-ISDN and Information Superhighway in their development. The Hybrid Fiber/Coax ( HFC ) network is one of the broadband access networks with high competitive power, and is expected to be the solution of the "last mile" for the Information Superhighway.
The thesis presents the study of the MAC protocols and burst mode transmission techniques, which are the two key aspects in HFC networks. All digital implementation of burst mode modulators and demodulators is preferred for its advantages.
Chapter 1: Survey the fundamental and development of HFC networks, burst mode transmission techniques and all digital modulation and demodulation techniques.
Chapter 2: The fundamental theory and implementation methodology of all digital receiver are studied. Firstly , this paper analyses a series of problems caused within the sampling and quantifying process, including analog prefiltering. sampling rate and IF configuration, etc. The ML-Function and optimal digital receiver algorithm and structure are then studied thoroughly, which are nonrealizable since it contains noncausal operations. After that . two approaches from which realizable algorithm and structure can be derived are discussed. The special and also key aspects , interpolation filters design and control . of all digital receivers are studied thoroughly. The paper states that polynomial based interpolators are not optimal, but they can be efficiently implemented using Farrow structure. At last . a new synthesis technique for polynomial based interpolators is proposed.
Chapter 3: Firstly, two levels of synchronization, network synchronization and burst synchronization, usually to be performed in the multiple access system are discussed. After that, burst synchronization is studied thoroughly. The author proposes a dedicated algorithm for clock and carrier synchronization in a QPSK demodulator, which is based on the use of a very short special carrier preamble modulated by a known pattern. An all digital preambleless burst mode PSK demodulator is also proposed and studied. The upstream channel characteristics of HFC network and anti-noise and interference techniques are then analysed. At last, this paper introduces the function implementation of all digital burst mode modulator and demodulator for upstream channel, which is compatible with MCNS Specification. The hardware frame figures and photos are also given.
Chapter 4: Firstly, the performance of TDMA/FDMA and CDMA in the upstream channel is discussed. The MAC protocol for HFC network based on TDMA/FDMA is studied thoroughly. After that , the performance of IEEE802.14 Protocol and MCNS Protocol is analysed and compared. The station acquisition process is also studied. At last , the key techniques on physical dependent layer of DS-CDMA upstream scheme are studied.
HFC网络的关键在于上行信道多址接入技术。这需要解决两个主要问题：(1)设计合理有效的MAC协议，以解决多用户共享系统带宽资源问题；(2)物理层的突发模式传送技术。采用全数字接收技术可以减少突发接收机的前导字开销，从而提高信道传送效率，并且接收机的全数字化实现可以提高接收机的稳定性、兼容性和可重复性，具有很好的经济效益。本文的研究工作就是针对上述问题展开的。
第一章：回顾了HFC网络的发展背景、历史和现状。介绍了HFC网络上行信道的特性。概述了突发模式传送和全数字接收技术。
第二章：系统而全面地论述了全数字接收机的基本理论和实现方法问题。首先分析了数字化前端的模拟预滤波、采样率和中频配置等问题。深入研究了全数字极大似然最佳接收机的算法和结构。指出，全数字极大似然最佳接收机算法中包含非因果操作，是复杂、不可物理实现的，但是它可以作为次最优可实现算法和结构的基础。接着，详细分析了获得全数字接收机的可实现算法和结构的两种途径。深入讨论和研究了全数字接收机中的特殊问题—插值滤波器的设计和控制问题。指出全数字接收机采用多项式内插函数的主要理由是多项式插值滤波器易于硬件实现。最后给出一种新的多项式插值滤波器设计技术。
第三章：讨论了在多址接入信道上，往往需要实现的两极同步：网络同步和突发同步，并深入研究了突发同步问题。详细分析了全数字突发模式载波和位时钟同步技术。以多址接入信道上广泛采用的QPSK调制信号为模型，给出一类特定图案的前导字及基于该前导字的全数字突发模式快速同步参数恢复算法。同时，也给出了一种全数字无前导字突发模式PSK信号解调方案。讨论了HFC网络上行多址接入信道的特性和各种抗干扰技术，给出了基于MCNS协议的HFC网络上行多址接入信道全数字突发模式发射和接收机的具体实观。
第四章：讨论了适合HFC网络上行信道的两种多址接入技术：TDMA／FDMA和CDMA。深入研究了基于TDMA／FDMA的HFC网络MAC技术。分析比较了IEEE 802.14和MCNS协议的性能。详细研究了HFC网络用户站点加入过程。研究了HFC网络的DS-CDMA上行多址接入技术，主要是物理层方面要解决的一些问题。
The access networks have become the bottleneck of B-ISDN and Information Superhighway in their development. The Hybrid Fiber/Coax ( HFC ) network is one of the broadband access networks with high competitive power, and is expected to be the solution of the "last mile" for the Information Superhighway.
The thesis presents the study of the MAC protocols and burst mode transmission techniques, which are the two key aspects in HFC networks. All digital implementation of burst mode modulators and demodulators is preferred for its advantages.
Chapter 1: Survey the fundamental and development of HFC networks, burst mode transmission techniques and all digital modulation and demodulation techniques.
Chapter 2: The fundamental theory and implementation methodology of all digital receiver are studied. Firstly , this paper analyses a series of problems caused within the sampling and quantifying process, including analog prefiltering. sampling rate and IF configuration, etc. The ML-Function and optimal digital receiver algorithm and structure are then studied thoroughly, which are nonrealizable since it contains noncausal operations. After that . two approaches from which realizable algorithm and structure can be derived are discussed. The special and also key aspects , interpolation filters design and control . of all digital receivers are studied thoroughly. The paper states that polynomial based interpolators are not optimal, but they can be efficiently implemented using Farrow structure. At last . a new synthesis technique for polynomial based interpolators is proposed.
Chapter 3: Firstly, two levels of synchronization, network synchronization and burst synchronization, usually to be performed in the multiple access system are discussed. After that, burst synchronization is studied thoroughly. The author proposes a dedicated algorithm for clock and carrier synchronization in a QPSK demodulator, which is based on the use of a very short special carrier preamble modulated by a known pattern. An all digital preambleless burst mode PSK demodulator is also proposed and studied. The upstream channel characteristics of HFC network and anti-noise and interference techniques are then analysed. At last, this paper introduces the function implementation of all digital burst mode modulator and demodulator for upstream channel, which is compatible with MCNS Specification. The hardware frame figures and photos are also given.
Chapter 4: Firstly, the performance of TDMA/FDMA and CDMA in the upstream channel is discussed. The MAC protocol for HFC network based on TDMA/FDMA is studied thoroughly. After that , the performance of IEEE802.14 Protocol and MCNS Protocol is analysed and compared. The station acquisition process is also studied. At last , the key techniques on physical dependent layer of DS-CDMA upstream scheme are studied.
引文
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