全功率变流器风机运行品质优化控制技术的研究
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摘要
风能对于缓解当今能源与环境危机具有极其重要的作用。近年来各国风电总装机容量不断增加，风电所占电力供应比例越来越大，保障风电场机组的安全可靠高效运行已成为风电研究的重点。随着技术的进步变流器成本不断降低，带全功率变流器风机以其独有的优势将拥有越来越广阔的应用前景。本文以带全功率变流器的风机(鼠笼异步电机和永磁同步电机)作为研究对象，研究风机在运行过程中最优能量捕获控制技术、电网故障条件下机组的保护及优化控制技术、发电机高效可靠运行技术。
在风力机最优能量捕获控制方面，提出了变步长爬坡寻优方法，解决了定步长爬坡搜索法中寻优时间长、捕获最优功率不准确和转速不稳定等问题；在此基础上提出了混合控制法，将已知给定法和变步长法相结合。解决已知给定法中厂家数据存在偏差捕获最优功率不准的问题，同时能够对最优功率实时进行修正。
在电网故障情况下风机安全运行方面，针对电网对称故障提出一种提前预判的控制和保护策略，结合Crowbar电路使得风机能够有效的进行低电压穿越；针对电网不对称故障时，提出一种改进的双dq坐标旋转变换控制策略，该策略能够有效维持直流侧电压恒定和并网有功功率平稳，按照并网导则提供相应的无功功率并有效降低并网电流总谐波畸变量。
在对风力发电机转速信号的提取优化控制方面，提出了一种基于锁相环技术的无速度传感器矢量控制策略，解决了电位移信号获取需要加入积分环节的问题。
为了对上述研究进行相关实验验证，特设计了兆瓦级风力机缩比特性模拟和最大功率点跟踪控制软件。同时，建立了采用双齿轮箱结构的风电模拟实验平台。该平台扩展了风电模拟系统的功能，通过小功率平台即可开展兆瓦级风电相关技术的研究。
Wind energy plays an extremely important role in releasing the current energysources and environment crisis. In recent years, with increasing total installed capacity ineach country, and the proportion of wind power’s share in electricity supply going higherand higher, maintaining the wind turbine system safe, reliable and effective operation inwind power farms has become the key research of wind power. Along with thedevelopment of the technology, and the continuously going down cost of converters,wind turbine with full-power converter, with its unique advantages, will have more andmore extensive use in the future. The following article, making the wind turbine withfull-power converter (squirrel cage induction generator and permanent magnetsynchronous generator) as the research subject, did the following research: optimal powercapturing control technology, wind turbines’ protection and optimization controltechnology, generator’s high effective and reliable operation technology.
On the aspect of wind turbine’s optimal power capturing control, variable stepclimbing for searching optimization method has been proposed, solving the problems inconstant step climbing searching method of optimization searching for a long time,inaccurately capturing optimal power and unstable rotation speed, etc. On the basis ofthis method, mixed control method was proposed, and combines the already known givenmethod and variable step method, solving the problem of capturing inaccurate optimalpower in already known method because the biased data provided by the factory,meanwhile revising the optimal power at real time.
As for the wind turbines’ safe operation under the condition of grid fault, a kind ofpredicting in advance protection and control strategy, proposed for symmetrical grid fault,combining the Crowbar circuit, realizes the wind turbine’s effective low voltage ridingthrough. As for asymmetric grid fault, an improved double dq coordinate rotationtransformation control strategy was proposed, which can effectively maintain a constantDC voltage and a stable synchronization active power, according to guidelines providescorresponding wattles power, and reduces the total harmonic distortion variable of the current for grid.
On the aspect of wind power generator ration speed signal extraction optimal control,a speed sensor-less vector control strategy, based on PLL technology, was proposed,solving the problem of adding integral element in obtaining electric displacement signal.
In order to verify the research relation to mentioned above, a kind of software ofreduction ratio characteristic simulator of MW level wind turbine and maximum powerpoint tracking was designed. Meanwhile, a wind power simulator experimental platformwith double gearbox structure was set up, which extends the functions of wind powersimulation system, and make the research of MW level wind power technology realizablewith small power platform.
在风力机最优能量捕获控制方面，提出了变步长爬坡寻优方法，解决了定步长爬坡搜索法中寻优时间长、捕获最优功率不准确和转速不稳定等问题；在此基础上提出了混合控制法，将已知给定法和变步长法相结合。解决已知给定法中厂家数据存在偏差捕获最优功率不准的问题，同时能够对最优功率实时进行修正。
在电网故障情况下风机安全运行方面，针对电网对称故障提出一种提前预判的控制和保护策略，结合Crowbar电路使得风机能够有效的进行低电压穿越；针对电网不对称故障时，提出一种改进的双dq坐标旋转变换控制策略，该策略能够有效维持直流侧电压恒定和并网有功功率平稳，按照并网导则提供相应的无功功率并有效降低并网电流总谐波畸变量。
在对风力发电机转速信号的提取优化控制方面，提出了一种基于锁相环技术的无速度传感器矢量控制策略，解决了电位移信号获取需要加入积分环节的问题。
为了对上述研究进行相关实验验证，特设计了兆瓦级风力机缩比特性模拟和最大功率点跟踪控制软件。同时，建立了采用双齿轮箱结构的风电模拟实验平台。该平台扩展了风电模拟系统的功能，通过小功率平台即可开展兆瓦级风电相关技术的研究。
Wind energy plays an extremely important role in releasing the current energysources and environment crisis. In recent years, with increasing total installed capacity ineach country, and the proportion of wind power’s share in electricity supply going higherand higher, maintaining the wind turbine system safe, reliable and effective operation inwind power farms has become the key research of wind power. Along with thedevelopment of the technology, and the continuously going down cost of converters,wind turbine with full-power converter, with its unique advantages, will have more andmore extensive use in the future. The following article, making the wind turbine withfull-power converter (squirrel cage induction generator and permanent magnetsynchronous generator) as the research subject, did the following research: optimal powercapturing control technology, wind turbines’ protection and optimization controltechnology, generator’s high effective and reliable operation technology.
On the aspect of wind turbine’s optimal power capturing control, variable stepclimbing for searching optimization method has been proposed, solving the problems inconstant step climbing searching method of optimization searching for a long time,inaccurately capturing optimal power and unstable rotation speed, etc. On the basis ofthis method, mixed control method was proposed, and combines the already known givenmethod and variable step method, solving the problem of capturing inaccurate optimalpower in already known method because the biased data provided by the factory,meanwhile revising the optimal power at real time.
As for the wind turbines’ safe operation under the condition of grid fault, a kind ofpredicting in advance protection and control strategy, proposed for symmetrical grid fault,combining the Crowbar circuit, realizes the wind turbine’s effective low voltage ridingthrough. As for asymmetric grid fault, an improved double dq coordinate rotationtransformation control strategy was proposed, which can effectively maintain a constantDC voltage and a stable synchronization active power, according to guidelines providescorresponding wattles power, and reduces the total harmonic distortion variable of the current for grid.
On the aspect of wind power generator ration speed signal extraction optimal control,a speed sensor-less vector control strategy, based on PLL technology, was proposed,solving the problem of adding integral element in obtaining electric displacement signal.
In order to verify the research relation to mentioned above, a kind of software ofreduction ratio characteristic simulator of MW level wind turbine and maximum powerpoint tracking was designed. Meanwhile, a wind power simulator experimental platformwith double gearbox structure was set up, which extends the functions of wind powersimulation system, and make the research of MW level wind power technology realizablewith small power platform.
引文
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