跳频通信系统中同步及频率自适应算法研究
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摘要
随着科技的发展,数字通信技术在各个领域得到广泛的应用。由跳频语音数据传输系统构成的通信网络,利用无线电信道作为传输媒介,具有灵活、组网迅速和抗毁能力强等特点。跳频通信是现代军事无线通信抗干扰的主要手段,其出色的抗远近效应、抗干扰能力,对于在恶劣的电磁环境中保障我军通畅的通信指挥,具有重大的军事意义。
本文对高速跳频系统进行了深入的研究,完成了跳频通信中的关键技术,调制解调、伪随机码生成、同步及频率自适应的理论研究及系统设计。
在系统设计方面,由于建立真正相干的频率合成器很困难,所以大多数跳频扩频系统使用非相干或者差分相干数据调制方案。本文采用最小频移键控调制方式,于是接收机无需费力对数据调制载波的相位进行精确恢复。同步技术是跳频通信中关键技术之一,针对高速跳频通信中系统的要求,本文采用基于同步字头法的同步方式。具有快速同步的优点,但同步字头易遭受干扰,须加同步保护措施。跳频图案也是跳频通信中的关键技术之一,本文采用基于m序列构造最佳跳频序列,跳频周期可达10年。
为了进一步躲避敌方干扰,自适应方法也广泛应用于跳频通信系统。频率自适应可以在通信过程中,实时或准实时去除跳频频率表中被干扰的频率,使跳频通信在无干扰的可使用的频率上进行,从而大大提高跳频通信中接收信号的质量。作为后续研究,频率自适应将作为研究的重点。
With the development of digital communication technology has a wide range of applications in many fields. Frequency-Hopping(FH) wireless communication is the primary mean of communication interference, its excellent anti-distance effect, anti-disturbance capacity, are of great military significance.
In this dissertation, high-speed frequency-hopping system is studied deeply, with the research of the key techniques, such as modem, pseudo-random code generation, synchronization and adaptive frequency theory in frequency-hopping communication system.
In the design of frequency-hopping communication system, it’s very difficult to establish a genuine coherence of Synthesis, so in most of the frequency-hopping spread spectrum systems non-coherent or differential coherent data modulation scheme are used. In this dissertation, the MSK modulation method is used, so the receiver will be easy to demodulate the message. Synchronization is one of the key techniques in frequency-hopping communication, to the high-speed FH communication system requirements, TOD-based synchronization prefix is used. It has a merit of rapid synchronization, but simultaneously prefix is also vulnerable to interference, so protection measure is needed simultaneously. Frequency-hopping pattern is also one of the key techniques in FH communication system, this dissertation uses the m-sequence based structure to produce best frequency-hopping sequence. Frequency hopping cycle can be up to 10 years.
To further evade the enemy's interference, adaptive approach is also widely used in frequency-hopping communication system. As follow-up study, adaptive frequency is the focus of the study.
本文对高速跳频系统进行了深入的研究,完成了跳频通信中的关键技术,调制解调、伪随机码生成、同步及频率自适应的理论研究及系统设计。
在系统设计方面,由于建立真正相干的频率合成器很困难,所以大多数跳频扩频系统使用非相干或者差分相干数据调制方案。本文采用最小频移键控调制方式,于是接收机无需费力对数据调制载波的相位进行精确恢复。同步技术是跳频通信中关键技术之一,针对高速跳频通信中系统的要求,本文采用基于同步字头法的同步方式。具有快速同步的优点,但同步字头易遭受干扰,须加同步保护措施。跳频图案也是跳频通信中的关键技术之一,本文采用基于m序列构造最佳跳频序列,跳频周期可达10年。
为了进一步躲避敌方干扰,自适应方法也广泛应用于跳频通信系统。频率自适应可以在通信过程中,实时或准实时去除跳频频率表中被干扰的频率,使跳频通信在无干扰的可使用的频率上进行,从而大大提高跳频通信中接收信号的质量。作为后续研究,频率自适应将作为研究的重点。
With the development of digital communication technology has a wide range of applications in many fields. Frequency-Hopping(FH) wireless communication is the primary mean of communication interference, its excellent anti-distance effect, anti-disturbance capacity, are of great military significance.
In this dissertation, high-speed frequency-hopping system is studied deeply, with the research of the key techniques, such as modem, pseudo-random code generation, synchronization and adaptive frequency theory in frequency-hopping communication system.
In the design of frequency-hopping communication system, it’s very difficult to establish a genuine coherence of Synthesis, so in most of the frequency-hopping spread spectrum systems non-coherent or differential coherent data modulation scheme are used. In this dissertation, the MSK modulation method is used, so the receiver will be easy to demodulate the message. Synchronization is one of the key techniques in frequency-hopping communication, to the high-speed FH communication system requirements, TOD-based synchronization prefix is used. It has a merit of rapid synchronization, but simultaneously prefix is also vulnerable to interference, so protection measure is needed simultaneously. Frequency-hopping pattern is also one of the key techniques in FH communication system, this dissertation uses the m-sequence based structure to produce best frequency-hopping sequence. Frequency hopping cycle can be up to 10 years.
To further evade the enemy's interference, adaptive approach is also widely used in frequency-hopping communication system. As follow-up study, adaptive frequency is the focus of the study.
引文
1陈邦媛.射频通信(第二版)[M].科学出版社. 2006: 24~25
2梅文华,王淑波,邱永红,杜兴民.跳频通信[M].国防工业出版社. 2005: 45~46
3 Yongchu Song, Beomsup Kim. Fellow. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer With Sigma-Delta Noise Shaping [J]. IEEE. 2004. 12(5) : 22~25
4宫二玲,王跃科,杨俊.直接序列扩频码元同步的快速捕获及跟踪.国防科技大学学报. 2003. 38(4): 34~37
5 IEEE. P1363. :Standard for Public key cryptography working draft [S] .1998. 08
6 Zander. J, Maingre. G. Adaptive Frequency Hopping in HF communications. IEEE. Proc 2 communication [J]. 1995. 24(2): 99~105
7李晓利,苏泽友.数字化战场通信对抗的发展趋势[J].现代通信. 1999. 5(7): 24~25
8邱迎锋,刘光斌.频率合成技术、历史、现状及发展[J].工业仪表与自动化装置. 2005. 7(6): 22~28
9 Alachandran K, Kadaba S, R. Nanda S. Channel quality estimation and rate adaptation for cellular mobile radio [J]. IEEE. 1999. 17 (7) : 1244~1256
10 Ornett K, G Wicher S.B. Bit error rate estimation techniques for digital land mobile radios [J]. IEEE. 1991 .15(2): 543~548
11 Pierre Comon. Independent component analysis. A new concept Signal Processing [J]. 1994. 36(5) : 287~314
12 Turkboylari M, Stuber G.. An-effcient algorithm for estimating the signal-to-interference ratio in TDMA cellular systems [J]. IEEE. Traps. Com. 1998. 46 (6): 728~731
13 Wooseeok Yang, Kwonhue Choi, Sooyoung Kim Shin. An-Improved channel quality estimation technique for OFDM system [J]. The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications. 2002 .10(3): 1289~1292
14查光明,熊贤祚.扩频通信[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 1990.12(第一版)
15机载超短波电台通用规范[S]. 1997
16 GJB 1128A—2002.机载超短波电台通用规范[S]. 2003
17 Dixon R C. Spread spectrum systems (2nd Edition)[M]. John Wiley & Sons. 1984
18姚富强.跳频处理增益有关概念分析与修正[J].电子学报. 2003. 31(7): 966~969
19梅文华,杨义先.跳频通信地址编码理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社. 1996
20李承恕,赵容黎.扩展频谱通信[M].北京:人民邮电出版社. 1993
21邱永红.跳频电台同步系统的研究[D].南京:通信工程学院硕士学位论文. 1988
22蒋锦星,应星喻译.军事通信系统原理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 1985
23 ZANDER J.MALMGREN G. Adaptive frequency hopping in HF communications [A]. IEEE. Proc Commun [C]. 1995
24 GOLMIEN. Performance evaluation of a Bluetooth channel estimation algorithm [A]. IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications [C]. Lisbon. Portgal. 2002
25李振玉,卢玉民.扩频选址通信[M].北京:国防工业出版社. 1988.7
26 Li Weidong. Wang Jing. Yao Yan. Synchronization design of frequency-hopping communication system [R]. 1998. 41(3): 1~5
27 Putman C A. Comparison of strategies for serial acquisition of frequency-hopped spread-spectrum signals [J]. IEE Proceedings. Part F. 1986. 133(2): 129~137
28郭黎利,卢盛杰.短波跳频通信系统的同步[J].黑龙江通信技术. 1994. 15(3): 6~11
29 Marvin K Simon, Jim K Omura, Robert A Scholtz. Spread spectrum communications handbook [M]. McGrew-Hill companies. Inc. 2002.54(6): 958~1025
30 Dicarlo D M, Weber C L. Satistical Performance of Single Dwell Serial Synchronization system[J]. IEEE trans. Commun. 1980. 28(8): 1382~1388
31 Leonard E Miller, Jhong S Lee. Analysis of an Antijam FH Acquisition Scheme[J]. IEEE tans. Commun. 1992. 40(4): 160~170
32 Putman C A, Rappaport S S.A Comparision of Schemes for Coarse Acquisition of FH Spread Spectrum Signals[J]. IEEE trans. Commun. 1983. 31(2): 183~188
33 Simnn M K. Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook McGrawHill. Inc. 1994.25(6): 956~1023
34朱近康. CDMA通信技术[M].北京.人民邮电出版社.2001
35沈允春.扩频技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社: 1995
36王士林,陆存乐,龚初光.现代数字调制技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社: 1987
37魏安全.扩频码的同步捕捉与跟踪技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社: 1995
38 Dr.David. L.Herrick, Dr.Paul. K.Leen. CHESS A New Reliable High Spreed HF Radio. MILCOM' 96 [C]. 1996. 34(10): 684~690
39 Tai-kuo Woo. Channel Hopping Scheme For Hybrid DS/FH Spread Specuvm. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS [J]. 2002. 6(5): 34~45
40邱永红.新型跳频电台同步进程的分析与设计[J].军事通信技术. 1990. 37 (4): 45~51
2梅文华,王淑波,邱永红,杜兴民.跳频通信[M].国防工业出版社. 2005: 45~46
3 Yongchu Song, Beomsup Kim. Fellow. Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer With Sigma-Delta Noise Shaping [J]. IEEE. 2004. 12(5) : 22~25
4宫二玲,王跃科,杨俊.直接序列扩频码元同步的快速捕获及跟踪.国防科技大学学报. 2003. 38(4): 34~37
5 IEEE. P1363. :Standard for Public key cryptography working draft [S] .1998. 08
6 Zander. J, Maingre. G. Adaptive Frequency Hopping in HF communications. IEEE. Proc 2 communication [J]. 1995. 24(2): 99~105
7李晓利,苏泽友.数字化战场通信对抗的发展趋势[J].现代通信. 1999. 5(7): 24~25
8邱迎锋,刘光斌.频率合成技术、历史、现状及发展[J].工业仪表与自动化装置. 2005. 7(6): 22~28
9 Alachandran K, Kadaba S, R. Nanda S. Channel quality estimation and rate adaptation for cellular mobile radio [J]. IEEE. 1999. 17 (7) : 1244~1256
10 Ornett K, G Wicher S.B. Bit error rate estimation techniques for digital land mobile radios [J]. IEEE. 1991 .15(2): 543~548
11 Pierre Comon. Independent component analysis. A new concept Signal Processing [J]. 1994. 36(5) : 287~314
12 Turkboylari M, Stuber G.. An-effcient algorithm for estimating the signal-to-interference ratio in TDMA cellular systems [J]. IEEE. Traps. Com. 1998. 46 (6): 728~731
13 Wooseeok Yang, Kwonhue Choi, Sooyoung Kim Shin. An-Improved channel quality estimation technique for OFDM system [J]. The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications. 2002 .10(3): 1289~1292
14查光明,熊贤祚.扩频通信[M].西安电子科技大学出版社. 1990.12(第一版)
15机载超短波电台通用规范[S]. 1997
16 GJB 1128A—2002.机载超短波电台通用规范[S]. 2003
17 Dixon R C. Spread spectrum systems (2nd Edition)[M]. John Wiley & Sons. 1984
18姚富强.跳频处理增益有关概念分析与修正[J].电子学报. 2003. 31(7): 966~969
19梅文华,杨义先.跳频通信地址编码理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社. 1996
20李承恕,赵容黎.扩展频谱通信[M].北京:人民邮电出版社. 1993
21邱永红.跳频电台同步系统的研究[D].南京:通信工程学院硕士学位论文. 1988
22蒋锦星,应星喻译.军事通信系统原理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 1985
23 ZANDER J.MALMGREN G. Adaptive frequency hopping in HF communications [A]. IEEE. Proc Commun [C]. 1995
24 GOLMIEN. Performance evaluation of a Bluetooth channel estimation algorithm [A]. IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications [C]. Lisbon. Portgal. 2002
25李振玉,卢玉民.扩频选址通信[M].北京:国防工业出版社. 1988.7
26 Li Weidong. Wang Jing. Yao Yan. Synchronization design of frequency-hopping communication system [R]. 1998. 41(3): 1~5
27 Putman C A. Comparison of strategies for serial acquisition of frequency-hopped spread-spectrum signals [J]. IEE Proceedings. Part F. 1986. 133(2): 129~137
28郭黎利,卢盛杰.短波跳频通信系统的同步[J].黑龙江通信技术. 1994. 15(3): 6~11
29 Marvin K Simon, Jim K Omura, Robert A Scholtz. Spread spectrum communications handbook [M]. McGrew-Hill companies. Inc. 2002.54(6): 958~1025
30 Dicarlo D M, Weber C L. Satistical Performance of Single Dwell Serial Synchronization system[J]. IEEE trans. Commun. 1980. 28(8): 1382~1388
31 Leonard E Miller, Jhong S Lee. Analysis of an Antijam FH Acquisition Scheme[J]. IEEE tans. Commun. 1992. 40(4): 160~170
32 Putman C A, Rappaport S S.A Comparision of Schemes for Coarse Acquisition of FH Spread Spectrum Signals[J]. IEEE trans. Commun. 1983. 31(2): 183~188
33 Simnn M K. Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook McGrawHill. Inc. 1994.25(6): 956~1023
34朱近康. CDMA通信技术[M].北京.人民邮电出版社.2001
35沈允春.扩频技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社: 1995
36王士林,陆存乐,龚初光.现代数字调制技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社: 1987
37魏安全.扩频码的同步捕捉与跟踪技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社: 1995
38 Dr.David. L.Herrick, Dr.Paul. K.Leen. CHESS A New Reliable High Spreed HF Radio. MILCOM' 96 [C]. 1996. 34(10): 684~690
39 Tai-kuo Woo. Channel Hopping Scheme For Hybrid DS/FH Spread Specuvm. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS [J]. 2002. 6(5): 34~45
40邱永红.新型跳频电台同步进程的分析与设计[J].军事通信技术. 1990. 37 (4): 45~51