动态心电图中房颤自动检测算法研究及其临床应用
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摘要
随着人口老龄化的日益严重以及导致房颤发生的诱发因素增多,房颤正成为我国乃至全球最为常见的心律失常,由此导致的心血管疾病正不断威胁着人类的健康。动态心电图是临床上行之有效、简单无创的房颤诊断和研究手段。目前,已有的房颤算法研究均在检测准确率、特别是房颤分段的准确率上存在不足,且未集成至临床动态心电分析系统中用以辅助房颤诊断。本论文将对动态心电图中的房颤自动检测算法展开研究,提出高灵敏度、特异性强的房颤检测算法,并将其应用于临床进行房颤诊断、筛查及预后等辅助工作。
本论文的主要工作内容和创新成果如下：
1、首次提出并实现了一种可准确定位房颤与窦性心律疑似边界的方法。通过分析RR间期分布随时间的变化规律,提出了基于连续直方图计算ΔRR间期分布差异曲线(delta RR interval distribution curve, dRDDC曲线)的方法,在dRDDC曲线上,进行局部峰值点检测及过滤处理,最终获得房颤与窦性心律的疑似边界。
2、提出了一种基于RR间期的房颤自动检测算法。该算法在房颤与窦性心律的疑似边界处,依次采用以下四个方法对房颤与非房颤分布进行识别与分类：1)基于直方图分析的改进方法；2)基于标准差分析的改进方法；3)基于联律识别的改进方法以及4)柯尔莫哥洛夫-史密诺夫检验法(Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,K-S检验)。经MIT-BIH房颤数据库最优化阈值分析及验证,算法获得了较高的准确率：灵敏度=96.1%,特异性=98.1%。
3、提出了结合P波分析的房颤自动检测算法。通过分析动态心电图中的房颤P波特征,提出了一个简单有效的P波分析策略。在基于RR间期的房颤算法基础上引入该策略,最终实现了结合P波分析的房颤自动检测算法。经MIT-BIH房颤数据库验证,算法总体上获得了比基于RR间期的房颤算法更高的准确率：灵敏度=98.2%,特异性=97.5%。
4、结合临床实验数据设计了两套实验方案分别对基于RR间期的房颤算法以及结合P波分析的算法进行了验证分析,实验结果表明本论文提出的房颤算法具有较好的临床检测准确率,且能适应多种复杂心律失常的情况。
论文提出的房颤自动检测算法已集成至临床动态心电分析系统中,并已在国内多家医院的临床中获得了应用,为房颤的临床诊断、筛查、预后等提供技术支撑。
Since the aging of population and the improving survival from conditions predisposing to atrial fribrillation (AF), the AF prevalence of our country and the world is increasing significantly. AF is not a benign entity; rather, it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities and thus threatening the health of human beings. Ambulatory ECG (AECG) is a effective, simple and noninvasive way for AF diagnosis and research. Since this technology provides a vast amount of valuable information, automated detection of AF is of great significance. However, the accuracy of previous AF automatic detection algorithms is still insufficient. Specially, previous studies do not proposed an effective method for detecting the exact time of transitions between AF and sinus rhythm. Also, none of these algorithms have been integrated into the AECG analysis system for auxiliary diagnosis of AF.
According to the above insufficiency in AF algorithm studies, this thesis will focus on the study of automatic detection algorithm of AF in AECG and propose a novel, high-perfomance algorithm suitable for the AECG analysis. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm will be applied to the AECG analysis system to help the AF diagnosis, screening and prognosis in clinic.
The contents and innovations of this thesis mainly include:
1. A novel method for exactly detecting the suspected transitions between AF and sinus rhythm is proposed. This thesis first analyzes the time change laws of the RR interval distribution, and then calculates the delta RR interval distribution difference curve (dRDDC) based on the continuous delta RR distribution histogram. In the dRDDC, the local peaks will be detected and filtered out to establish the suspected transitions between AF and sinus rhythm finally.
2. An AF automatic detection algorithm based on the RR interval is proposed. This algorithm uses four successive steps to classify the AF and non-AF distribution in the previouly detected suspected transitions:1) the histogram analysis improved method,2) the standard deviation analysis improved method,3) the numbering aberrant rhythms recognition improved method and4) the final indispensable method--Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Using the optimal threshold analysis in the MIT-BIH AF database, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is:sensitivity=96.1%and specificity=98.1%.
3. A combined P wave method for AF detection is proposed. By analyzing the characteristics of P wave during AF. this thesis proposes a simple and effective P wave analysis strategy to classify AF and non-AF distribution. Combine this P wave strategy and the previous AF detection method base on the RR interval, the final AF automatic detection algorithm is realized. And compared with the accuracy of the previous proposed algorithm base on the RR interval, a higher sensitivity and specificity (98.2%and97.5%, respectively) is achieved in the MIT-BIH AF database.
4. Using the clinical data gathering from the ECG department of the hospital, two experimental scheme are designed for testing the accuracy of the proposed algorithm base on the RR interval and the combined P wave method, respectively. The result shows that the proposed algorithm also achieves high perfomance in the clinical dataset, and can well adapt the complex arrhythmia situation.
At present, the proposed AF automatic detection algorithm has been integrated into the clinical AECG analysis system. With this AECG system, the proposed algorithm has been applied in many domestic hospitals for auxiliary work in AF clinical diagnosis, screening and prognosis etc.
本论文的主要工作内容和创新成果如下：
1、首次提出并实现了一种可准确定位房颤与窦性心律疑似边界的方法。通过分析RR间期分布随时间的变化规律,提出了基于连续直方图计算ΔRR间期分布差异曲线(delta RR interval distribution curve, dRDDC曲线)的方法,在dRDDC曲线上,进行局部峰值点检测及过滤处理,最终获得房颤与窦性心律的疑似边界。
2、提出了一种基于RR间期的房颤自动检测算法。该算法在房颤与窦性心律的疑似边界处,依次采用以下四个方法对房颤与非房颤分布进行识别与分类：1)基于直方图分析的改进方法；2)基于标准差分析的改进方法；3)基于联律识别的改进方法以及4)柯尔莫哥洛夫-史密诺夫检验法(Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,K-S检验)。经MIT-BIH房颤数据库最优化阈值分析及验证,算法获得了较高的准确率：灵敏度=96.1%,特异性=98.1%。
3、提出了结合P波分析的房颤自动检测算法。通过分析动态心电图中的房颤P波特征,提出了一个简单有效的P波分析策略。在基于RR间期的房颤算法基础上引入该策略,最终实现了结合P波分析的房颤自动检测算法。经MIT-BIH房颤数据库验证,算法总体上获得了比基于RR间期的房颤算法更高的准确率：灵敏度=98.2%,特异性=97.5%。
4、结合临床实验数据设计了两套实验方案分别对基于RR间期的房颤算法以及结合P波分析的算法进行了验证分析,实验结果表明本论文提出的房颤算法具有较好的临床检测准确率,且能适应多种复杂心律失常的情况。
论文提出的房颤自动检测算法已集成至临床动态心电分析系统中,并已在国内多家医院的临床中获得了应用,为房颤的临床诊断、筛查、预后等提供技术支撑。
Since the aging of population and the improving survival from conditions predisposing to atrial fribrillation (AF), the AF prevalence of our country and the world is increasing significantly. AF is not a benign entity; rather, it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities and thus threatening the health of human beings. Ambulatory ECG (AECG) is a effective, simple and noninvasive way for AF diagnosis and research. Since this technology provides a vast amount of valuable information, automated detection of AF is of great significance. However, the accuracy of previous AF automatic detection algorithms is still insufficient. Specially, previous studies do not proposed an effective method for detecting the exact time of transitions between AF and sinus rhythm. Also, none of these algorithms have been integrated into the AECG analysis system for auxiliary diagnosis of AF.
According to the above insufficiency in AF algorithm studies, this thesis will focus on the study of automatic detection algorithm of AF in AECG and propose a novel, high-perfomance algorithm suitable for the AECG analysis. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm will be applied to the AECG analysis system to help the AF diagnosis, screening and prognosis in clinic.
The contents and innovations of this thesis mainly include:
1. A novel method for exactly detecting the suspected transitions between AF and sinus rhythm is proposed. This thesis first analyzes the time change laws of the RR interval distribution, and then calculates the delta RR interval distribution difference curve (dRDDC) based on the continuous delta RR distribution histogram. In the dRDDC, the local peaks will be detected and filtered out to establish the suspected transitions between AF and sinus rhythm finally.
2. An AF automatic detection algorithm based on the RR interval is proposed. This algorithm uses four successive steps to classify the AF and non-AF distribution in the previouly detected suspected transitions:1) the histogram analysis improved method,2) the standard deviation analysis improved method,3) the numbering aberrant rhythms recognition improved method and4) the final indispensable method--Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Using the optimal threshold analysis in the MIT-BIH AF database, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is:sensitivity=96.1%and specificity=98.1%.
3. A combined P wave method for AF detection is proposed. By analyzing the characteristics of P wave during AF. this thesis proposes a simple and effective P wave analysis strategy to classify AF and non-AF distribution. Combine this P wave strategy and the previous AF detection method base on the RR interval, the final AF automatic detection algorithm is realized. And compared with the accuracy of the previous proposed algorithm base on the RR interval, a higher sensitivity and specificity (98.2%and97.5%, respectively) is achieved in the MIT-BIH AF database.
4. Using the clinical data gathering from the ECG department of the hospital, two experimental scheme are designed for testing the accuracy of the proposed algorithm base on the RR interval and the combined P wave method, respectively. The result shows that the proposed algorithm also achieves high perfomance in the clinical dataset, and can well adapt the complex arrhythmia situation.
At present, the proposed AF automatic detection algorithm has been integrated into the clinical AECG analysis system. With this AECG system, the proposed algorithm has been applied in many domestic hospitals for auxiliary work in AF clinical diagnosis, screening and prognosis etc.
引文
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