大鼠压杆实验系统设计及运动皮层神经解码研究
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摘要
脑-机接口是在脑和外部设备之间建立不依赖常规外周神经和肌肉的直接的信息交流通路。实现该技术关键在于建立切实可行的实验系统、精确检测实验动物肢体运动和神经信息以及准确地从记录到的神经元锋电位中解析出运动信号。目前以运动控制为目标的脑-机接口研究主要是以初级运动皮层为主,对次级运动皮层的研究还不够深入,而次级运动皮层的神经元集群发放也与肢体运动间也存在一定相关性。因此,本论文以大鼠为实验对象,建立了大鼠压杆行为实验系统,设计大鼠神经元集群-压杆信号的同步采集系统,并成功采集到大鼠初级和次级运动皮层神经信号,深入探讨了大鼠的初级、次级运动皮层的神经元集群发放与肢体运动间的相关性及运动皮层神经解码。本论文的主要研究内容和特色为：
1、本论文设计了大鼠压杆行为实验系统,实现了神经-压杆信号的同步采集,提高后续数据分析处理效率。其中针对大鼠压杆实验中大鼠前肢运动参数的记录,设计了压杆检测系统,包括传感器和检测系统,小量程大行程压力传感器能够满足大鼠前肢压杆动作持续时间短、压力微小的需要；检测系统实现了实时在线记录大鼠前肢运动压力及在线调整压杆运动参数功能,为实验中大鼠压杆行为的规范及前肢压力的信号采集提供了可靠稳定的实验平台。
2、本论文对原有的大鼠脑-机接口系统进行了改进,将电极植入脑区扩展至两个运动皮层,突破了当前对大鼠脑-机接口中单一运动皮层神经信号的记录,且成功记录到大鼠初级和次级运动皮层神经元集群活动信息。
3、针对大鼠次级运动皮层的神经元集群发放在肢体运动中表现出一定的活动,本论文建立了大鼠初级及次级运动皮层神经解码模型,从神经元发放信息中解析出运动信号,在采用偏最小二乘回归算法对次级运动皮层神经解码时,压杆预测值与真实值的相关系数在0.5以上,表明次级运动皮层神经元发放也可以用于对大鼠前肢压杆运动的预测。
本论文研究建立了大鼠压杆行为实验系统,实现了大鼠肢体运动-神经信号的同步采集及大鼠前肢压杆运动参数在线记录,将有助于提高脑-机接口实验中动物运动信息的检测能力；同时建立了次级运动皮层的神经解码,分析了大鼠次级运动皮层神经元发放与压杆运动间的相关性,结果表明次级运动皮层神经元发放同样能够用于对压杆信号进行预测,可做为脑-机接口重要的信息输入源,提供额外的信息补充。
Brain-machine interface (BMI) is a novel information interaction approach between brain and external devices not depending on peripheral nervous system. The key to realize this technology lies in establishing feasible experiment system, detecting body movement and neural information accurately of experimental animals and decoding the motion signal accurately from the recorded neurons spike potential. At present, BMI aims at motion control is mainly concentrated in the analysis of neurons in primary motor cortex, while the research on secondary motor cortex is not insufficiently thorough, although it is also show some of the correlation between neural ensemble firing in secondary motor cortex and physical movement. Therefore, this thesis choses rats as experimental subject, established the rats pressure lever behavior experiment system, designed the synchronous data acquisition system of rats neural ensemble-pressure lever signals, acquired the rats primary and secondary motor cortex neural signals successfully, probed into the correlation between the rats neural ensemble firing in primary and secondary motor cortex and body movement, studied neuron decoding of the motor cortex. The following are innovation and main parts of the thesis.
1、This thesis designed the rats pressure lever behavior experiment system, realized the neurons-pressure lever signal synchronization acquisition, improved the follow-up data processing efficiency. According to the experimental rats'forelimb movement parameter records, this thesis designed the pressure lever detection system, including the sensor and detecting system, small range big trip pressure sensor can satisfy the needs of rats'forelimb pressure lever short duration and tiny pressure; Detection system realized the real-time online record rats'forelimb movement pressure and online adjustment of pressure lever motion parameter, which provides reliable and stable experimental platform for experimental rats' pressure lever behavior standard and forelimb pressure signal acquisition.
2、This thesis improved the original rats brain machine interface system, expanded the electrodes implanted brain area to two motor cortex, break through the current single motor cortex neural signal records of rats brain machine interface, and recorded successfully the rats primary and secondary motor cortex neural ensemble activity information.
3、According to the rats secondary motor cortex neural ensemble firing show some of the activities in the body movement, this thesis established the rats primary and secondary motor cortex neuron decoding model, to resolve the motion signal from the neurons firing information, correlation coefficients between the predicted value of pressure lever and the real value is more than0.5when used the partial least-squares regression algorithm decoding the secondary motor cortex neurons firing, which shows that secondary motor cortex neurons firing can also be used to predict rats forelimb pressure lever motion.
This thesis established rats pressure lever behavior experiment system, realized the rats forelimb movements-neural signal synchronization acquisition and rats forelimb pressure lever motion parameters online records, which will help improve the brain-machine interface experiment animal movement information detection ability; and this thesis established the secondary motor cortex neuron decoding, analyzed the correlation between the rats secondary motor cortex neuron firing and pressure lever movement, and the results show that secondary motor cortex neurons firing can also be used to predict pressure lever signal and can be used as brain machine interface important information input source, provide additional information.
1、本论文设计了大鼠压杆行为实验系统,实现了神经-压杆信号的同步采集,提高后续数据分析处理效率。其中针对大鼠压杆实验中大鼠前肢运动参数的记录,设计了压杆检测系统,包括传感器和检测系统,小量程大行程压力传感器能够满足大鼠前肢压杆动作持续时间短、压力微小的需要；检测系统实现了实时在线记录大鼠前肢运动压力及在线调整压杆运动参数功能,为实验中大鼠压杆行为的规范及前肢压力的信号采集提供了可靠稳定的实验平台。
2、本论文对原有的大鼠脑-机接口系统进行了改进,将电极植入脑区扩展至两个运动皮层,突破了当前对大鼠脑-机接口中单一运动皮层神经信号的记录,且成功记录到大鼠初级和次级运动皮层神经元集群活动信息。
3、针对大鼠次级运动皮层的神经元集群发放在肢体运动中表现出一定的活动,本论文建立了大鼠初级及次级运动皮层神经解码模型,从神经元发放信息中解析出运动信号,在采用偏最小二乘回归算法对次级运动皮层神经解码时,压杆预测值与真实值的相关系数在0.5以上,表明次级运动皮层神经元发放也可以用于对大鼠前肢压杆运动的预测。
本论文研究建立了大鼠压杆行为实验系统,实现了大鼠肢体运动-神经信号的同步采集及大鼠前肢压杆运动参数在线记录,将有助于提高脑-机接口实验中动物运动信息的检测能力；同时建立了次级运动皮层的神经解码,分析了大鼠次级运动皮层神经元发放与压杆运动间的相关性,结果表明次级运动皮层神经元发放同样能够用于对压杆信号进行预测,可做为脑-机接口重要的信息输入源,提供额外的信息补充。
Brain-machine interface (BMI) is a novel information interaction approach between brain and external devices not depending on peripheral nervous system. The key to realize this technology lies in establishing feasible experiment system, detecting body movement and neural information accurately of experimental animals and decoding the motion signal accurately from the recorded neurons spike potential. At present, BMI aims at motion control is mainly concentrated in the analysis of neurons in primary motor cortex, while the research on secondary motor cortex is not insufficiently thorough, although it is also show some of the correlation between neural ensemble firing in secondary motor cortex and physical movement. Therefore, this thesis choses rats as experimental subject, established the rats pressure lever behavior experiment system, designed the synchronous data acquisition system of rats neural ensemble-pressure lever signals, acquired the rats primary and secondary motor cortex neural signals successfully, probed into the correlation between the rats neural ensemble firing in primary and secondary motor cortex and body movement, studied neuron decoding of the motor cortex. The following are innovation and main parts of the thesis.
1、This thesis designed the rats pressure lever behavior experiment system, realized the neurons-pressure lever signal synchronization acquisition, improved the follow-up data processing efficiency. According to the experimental rats'forelimb movement parameter records, this thesis designed the pressure lever detection system, including the sensor and detecting system, small range big trip pressure sensor can satisfy the needs of rats'forelimb pressure lever short duration and tiny pressure; Detection system realized the real-time online record rats'forelimb movement pressure and online adjustment of pressure lever motion parameter, which provides reliable and stable experimental platform for experimental rats' pressure lever behavior standard and forelimb pressure signal acquisition.
2、This thesis improved the original rats brain machine interface system, expanded the electrodes implanted brain area to two motor cortex, break through the current single motor cortex neural signal records of rats brain machine interface, and recorded successfully the rats primary and secondary motor cortex neural ensemble activity information.
3、According to the rats secondary motor cortex neural ensemble firing show some of the activities in the body movement, this thesis established the rats primary and secondary motor cortex neuron decoding model, to resolve the motion signal from the neurons firing information, correlation coefficients between the predicted value of pressure lever and the real value is more than0.5when used the partial least-squares regression algorithm decoding the secondary motor cortex neurons firing, which shows that secondary motor cortex neurons firing can also be used to predict rats forelimb pressure lever motion.
This thesis established rats pressure lever behavior experiment system, realized the rats forelimb movements-neural signal synchronization acquisition and rats forelimb pressure lever motion parameters online records, which will help improve the brain-machine interface experiment animal movement information detection ability; and this thesis established the secondary motor cortex neuron decoding, analyzed the correlation between the rats secondary motor cortex neuron firing and pressure lever movement, and the results show that secondary motor cortex neurons firing can also be used to predict pressure lever signal and can be used as brain machine interface important information input source, provide additional information.
引文
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