典型体型建筑双幕墙风荷载特性研究
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摘要
通风双幕墙具有良好的通风性能和采光性能,极大地改善了建筑的舒适度并且节约能源。近年来,随着人们对建筑舒适度和绿色环保的重视,双幕墙的应用日渐增多。由于双幕墙之间存在通风廊道,因此双幕墙建筑有三个受风表面,即外幕墙的内、外表面以及内幕墙的外表面,这使得双幕墙的风荷载取值变得复杂,而各国规范中关于双幕墙风荷载取值方面的内容几乎没有涉及,研究双幕墙的风压分布特征有极其重要的学术研究意义和工程应用价值。
本文分别运用风洞试验方法、数值模拟方法以及理论分析方法,对典型体型建筑双幕墙风荷载特性、双幕墙脉动风压的概率分布及各因素对双幕墙廊道内压的影响规律等关键问题进行了系统的研究。
试验研究方面,针对矩形和圆柱形这两种典型体型的建筑,设计了一字型、L型和圆弧型三种形式的双幕墙模型,分别进行了不同廊道宽度和不同外幕墙开孔面积的刚性模型风洞试验。分析了这三种形式双幕墙的内外幕墙平均风压和脉动风压的分布特性,研究了幕墙廊道宽度和外幕墙开孔率对双幕墙平均风荷载的影响,并对双幕墙内外压的相关性及内外幕墙风荷载峰值因子的取值问题进行了探讨,全面系统地研究了双幕墙的风荷载特征。
从理论上研究了双幕墙廊道内压的分布机理,提出了双幕墙廊道内压的稳态估算公式,估算结果与试验结果吻合较好,并对影响双幕墙廊道内平均风压的空间分布特性的各参数(廊道宽度、外幕墙开孔率和来流风速)进行了探讨。
最后,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对双幕墙风荷载进行了数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果进行对比,在核实了数值模拟精度的基础上,研究了外幕墙通风孔的气流对其外部流场的干扰效应和双幕墙廊道内壁粗糙度对其风压分布的影响。
For the double-skin facade has good performance of ventilation and lighting, it can improve greatly the comfort of buildings and also save energy. The double-skin facade is applied more popular to buildings as people pay more attention to the comfort of buildings and the protection of environment. For the buildings with double-skin facade, there are three surfaces subjected to wind pressure due to the airflow between the double-skin facades. Those are the outside and inside surfaces of the external skin facade and the outside surface of the internal skin facade, which make the wind loads acting on the double-skin facade become complicated. Few codes are presented to regulate the wind loads on double-skin facade in most countries. Consequently, the studies of the pressure distribution on double-skin facade have vital academic significance and engineering value.
Systematic investigation methods of wind tunnel tests, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis had been adopted to study the characteristics of wind loads, the probability distribution of fluctuating wind pressures and some factors affecting the internal pressure of double-skin facade.
In aspect of experimental research, according to rectangular and cylindrical tall building, a series of double-skin facade models with various separations were designed and multiparameter (opening areas and spacing of corridor) comparison wind tunnel tests were conducted. The spatial distribution characteristics of wind pressure on the double-skin facade were analyzed, and then the influce of wind pressure on the three surfaces of double-skin facade by the opening ratio of the external skin facade and the spacing of corridor were studied. The correlation coefficients of internal-external pressure, the probability distribution of fluctuating wind pressures and the peak factors of double-skin facade were explored.
Base on the discussion of parameters affecting the internal pressure acted on the corridor, the theoretical method for estimating mean internal pressure coefficient was introduced emphatically, the theoretical results agree well with the test ones, and then the space distribution characteristic and mechanics of internal pressure were expounded.
Finally, wind loads on double-skin facade buildings with rectangular and cylindrical shape were computed by CFD method, comparisons between the results from the wind tunnel test and the numerical simulation were performed to know the accuracy of the simulation. The advanced k-εturbulence model was used to discuss the interference of the outflow air from the corridor on the external flow around the building and the influence of surface roughness on the space distribution of internal pressure.
本文分别运用风洞试验方法、数值模拟方法以及理论分析方法,对典型体型建筑双幕墙风荷载特性、双幕墙脉动风压的概率分布及各因素对双幕墙廊道内压的影响规律等关键问题进行了系统的研究。
试验研究方面,针对矩形和圆柱形这两种典型体型的建筑,设计了一字型、L型和圆弧型三种形式的双幕墙模型,分别进行了不同廊道宽度和不同外幕墙开孔面积的刚性模型风洞试验。分析了这三种形式双幕墙的内外幕墙平均风压和脉动风压的分布特性,研究了幕墙廊道宽度和外幕墙开孔率对双幕墙平均风荷载的影响,并对双幕墙内外压的相关性及内外幕墙风荷载峰值因子的取值问题进行了探讨,全面系统地研究了双幕墙的风荷载特征。
从理论上研究了双幕墙廊道内压的分布机理,提出了双幕墙廊道内压的稳态估算公式,估算结果与试验结果吻合较好,并对影响双幕墙廊道内平均风压的空间分布特性的各参数(廊道宽度、外幕墙开孔率和来流风速)进行了探讨。
最后,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对双幕墙风荷载进行了数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果进行对比,在核实了数值模拟精度的基础上,研究了外幕墙通风孔的气流对其外部流场的干扰效应和双幕墙廊道内壁粗糙度对其风压分布的影响。
For the double-skin facade has good performance of ventilation and lighting, it can improve greatly the comfort of buildings and also save energy. The double-skin facade is applied more popular to buildings as people pay more attention to the comfort of buildings and the protection of environment. For the buildings with double-skin facade, there are three surfaces subjected to wind pressure due to the airflow between the double-skin facades. Those are the outside and inside surfaces of the external skin facade and the outside surface of the internal skin facade, which make the wind loads acting on the double-skin facade become complicated. Few codes are presented to regulate the wind loads on double-skin facade in most countries. Consequently, the studies of the pressure distribution on double-skin facade have vital academic significance and engineering value.
Systematic investigation methods of wind tunnel tests, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis had been adopted to study the characteristics of wind loads, the probability distribution of fluctuating wind pressures and some factors affecting the internal pressure of double-skin facade.
In aspect of experimental research, according to rectangular and cylindrical tall building, a series of double-skin facade models with various separations were designed and multiparameter (opening areas and spacing of corridor) comparison wind tunnel tests were conducted. The spatial distribution characteristics of wind pressure on the double-skin facade were analyzed, and then the influce of wind pressure on the three surfaces of double-skin facade by the opening ratio of the external skin facade and the spacing of corridor were studied. The correlation coefficients of internal-external pressure, the probability distribution of fluctuating wind pressures and the peak factors of double-skin facade were explored.
Base on the discussion of parameters affecting the internal pressure acted on the corridor, the theoretical method for estimating mean internal pressure coefficient was introduced emphatically, the theoretical results agree well with the test ones, and then the space distribution characteristic and mechanics of internal pressure were expounded.
Finally, wind loads on double-skin facade buildings with rectangular and cylindrical shape were computed by CFD method, comparisons between the results from the wind tunnel test and the numerical simulation were performed to know the accuracy of the simulation. The advanced k-εturbulence model was used to discuss the interference of the outflow air from the corridor on the external flow around the building and the influence of surface roughness on the space distribution of internal pressure.
引文
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