农田风蚀土壤的颗粒分形特征研究
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摘要
本文对内蒙古武川县保护性耕作试验区的传统耕作农田和保护性耕作农田土壤颗粒的机械组成进行了分析,计算了土壤颗粒的分形维数,对土壤颗粒的分形特征进行了研究。同时对传统耕作农田和保护性耕作农田的原状土样进行了风蚀风洞试验,计算出在不同风速吹蚀后表层土壤颗粒的分形维数,研究了两种农田土壤颗粒分形维数和粒度组成随风速的变化规律。结果表明,土壤颗粒的分形维数与土壤的粒级组成密切相关,因而可以利用土壤颗粒的分形维数代替土壤的机械组成,作为一项定量指标来评价农田土壤的风蚀程度;保护性耕作农田土壤颗粒的分形维数要大于传统耕作农田土壤颗粒的分形维数,而且在土壤表层,保护性耕作农田土壤颗粒的分形维数明显高于传统耕作农田,则表明该地区保护性耕作农田的土壤状况要好于传统耕作农田的土壤状况;在相同风速吹蚀下,传统耕作农田分形维数的变化趋势大于保护性耕作农田分形维数的变化趋势,则表明实施保护性耕作和留茬覆盖对于减少农田土壤风蚀具有明显作用。
In the text, the mechanical constitution of traditional cultived farmland soil granule and protective cultived farmland soil granule was analysed, the fractal dimension of soil grain was computed,and the fractal features of soil granule was researched. At the same time, the soil’s erosion experiment of traditional cultived farmland soil and protective cultived farmland soil was done in wind tunnel, after blowing in different speed wind,the fractal dimension of soil granule in surface was got, the fractal dimension of two kinds of farmland soil granule and the changing regulation which is made up of granularity in different wind speed were researched. According to the result, the fractal dimension of soil granule is correlated closely with the constitution of soil granularity degree, so we can replace the mechanical constitution of soil with the fractal dimension of soil granule, it can be used to evaluate the soil’s erosion degree of farmland soil as a quantitative norm; the fractal dimension of protective cultived farmland soil granule is bigger than the fractal dimension of traditional cultived farmland soil granule, and in the surface of soil, the fractal dimension of protective cultived farmland soil granule is obviously bigger than the fractal dimension of traditional cultived farmland soil granule, it demonstrates that the condition of protective cultived farmland soil is better than the condition of traditional cultived farmland soil; sufferred blowing in the same speed wind,the changing tendency of the traditional cultived farmland’s fractal dimension is faster than the changing tendency of the protective cultived farmland’s fractal dimension,it proves that executing protective cultivation and leaving stubbles to cover field can reduce the effect of wind erosion for the farmland soil.
In the text, the mechanical constitution of traditional cultived farmland soil granule and protective cultived farmland soil granule was analysed, the fractal dimension of soil grain was computed,and the fractal features of soil granule was researched. At the same time, the soil’s erosion experiment of traditional cultived farmland soil and protective cultived farmland soil was done in wind tunnel, after blowing in different speed wind,the fractal dimension of soil granule in surface was got, the fractal dimension of two kinds of farmland soil granule and the changing regulation which is made up of granularity in different wind speed were researched. According to the result, the fractal dimension of soil granule is correlated closely with the constitution of soil granularity degree, so we can replace the mechanical constitution of soil with the fractal dimension of soil granule, it can be used to evaluate the soil’s erosion degree of farmland soil as a quantitative norm; the fractal dimension of protective cultived farmland soil granule is bigger than the fractal dimension of traditional cultived farmland soil granule, and in the surface of soil, the fractal dimension of protective cultived farmland soil granule is obviously bigger than the fractal dimension of traditional cultived farmland soil granule, it demonstrates that the condition of protective cultived farmland soil is better than the condition of traditional cultived farmland soil; sufferred blowing in the same speed wind,the changing tendency of the traditional cultived farmland’s fractal dimension is faster than the changing tendency of the protective cultived farmland’s fractal dimension,it proves that executing protective cultivation and leaving stubbles to cover field can reduce the effect of wind erosion for the farmland soil.
引文
1 董治宝,董光荣,陈广庭.以北方旱作农田为重点开展我国的土壤风蚀研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1996,10(2):31-32
2 李玉红.我国北方土地沙漠化的成因及防治对策[J].内蒙古农业科技,2004(S2):95
3 廖允成. 中国北方农牧交错带土地沙漠化成因及防治技术[J]. 干早地区农业研究, 2002, 20(2):34-37
4 刘丹.实用分形图形学[M].大连海事大学出版社,2001
5 孙洪军,赵丽红.分形理论的产生及其应用[J].辽宁工学院学报,2005,25(2):114–115
6 陈颙,陈凌.分形几何学[M].地震出版社,1998,7
7 王瑞英.分形几何的特征及其维数[J].德州学院学报,2001,17(2):21–23
8 谢和平(翻译).分形几何:数学基础及应用[M].北京:中国矿业出版社,1990
9 王素娜,吕军.分形及其在土壤科学中的应用[J].土壤通报,2005,2
10 苏永中,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地农田沙漠化演变中土壤颗粒分形特征[J].生态学报, 24(1): 72-74
11 赵文智,刘志民,程国栋.土地沙质荒漠化过程的土壤分形特征[J].土壤学报,2002,39 (6):877-881
12 宫都阿,何毓蓉.金沙江干热河谷退化土壤结构的分形特征研究[J].水土保持学报, 2001, 15(3):112-115
13 杨培岭,罗远培等. 用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J]. 科学通报,1993,38(20) : 1896-1899
14 刘金福,洪伟,吴承祯.中亚热带几种珍贵树种林分土壤团粒结构的分维特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(2):197-205
15 张世熔,邓良基,周倩,等.耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形维数及其与主要土壤特性的关系[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):221-226
16 吴承祯,洪伟.不同经营模式土壤团粒结构的分形特征研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):163-167
17 李德成,张桃林.中国土壤颗粒组成的分形特征研究[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(4):263-365
18 刘松玉,张继文.土中孔隙分布的分形特征研究[J].东南人学学报,1997,27(3):127-130
19 黄冠华,詹卫华. 土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用[J]. 土壤学报,2002,39(4): 490-497
20 杨秀春,刘连友,严平.土壤短期吹蚀的粒度分维研究[J].土壤学报,2004,41(2):176-181
21 谢和平.岩土介质的分形孔隙和分形粒子[J].力学进展,1993,23(2):145-164
22 佟金, 任露泉, 陈乘聪等. 土壤颗粒尺寸分布分维及对粘附行为的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,1994,10(3):27-33
23 龙牧华,陈阜等.农牧交错带农业持续发展的困境与出路[J].中国农业资源与区划,1995,
24 减英,高焕文,周建忠.保护性耕作对农田土壤风蚀影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(2):56-60
25 荣姣凤,李晓东,丁凤琴.北京市保护性耕作防治土壤风蚀的效果研究[J].中国水土保持SWCC,2005,06:31-32
26 臧英.保护性耕作防治土壤风蚀的试验研究[D].博士学位论文,中国农业大学,2003
27 哈斯等.耕作方式对土壤风蚀的影响[J].土壤侵蚀与水上保持学报,1996,1
28 德宝等.带状留茬间作对防治干旱地区农田风蚀沙化的生态效应[J].华北农学报,2002(4)
29 陈渭南等.中国北方土壤风蚀问题研究的开展与趋势[J].地球科学进展,1994,5
30 鲁植雄,张维强,潘君拯.分形理论及其在农业土壤中的应用[J].土壤学进展,1994,22 (5):40-45
31 赵寰宇.浅析农田取样器的设计及应用[J].农村牧区机械化,2006,1:33-34
32 姚贤良,程云生.土壤物理学[M].农业出版社,1986
33 范贵生.可移动式风蚀风洞设计及空气动力学性能研究[D].博士学位论文,呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2003
34 段学友.可移动式风蚀风洞留流场空气动力学特性的测试与评价[D].硕士学位论文,呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学,2005
35 Arya L M,and Paris J F.A physico-empirical model to predict the soil moisture characteristic from particle-size distribution and bulk density dataU.Soil Sci. Soc.Am.J,1981,45:1023-1030
36 Turcotte D L. Fractafragmentation .J.Geophys.Res,l993,91(12):1896-1899
37 Tyler S W, Wheatcraft S W. Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions: analysis and limitations. Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J,1992,56: 362-369
2 李玉红.我国北方土地沙漠化的成因及防治对策[J].内蒙古农业科技,2004(S2):95
3 廖允成. 中国北方农牧交错带土地沙漠化成因及防治技术[J]. 干早地区农业研究, 2002, 20(2):34-37
4 刘丹.实用分形图形学[M].大连海事大学出版社,2001
5 孙洪军,赵丽红.分形理论的产生及其应用[J].辽宁工学院学报,2005,25(2):114–115
6 陈颙,陈凌.分形几何学[M].地震出版社,1998,7
7 王瑞英.分形几何的特征及其维数[J].德州学院学报,2001,17(2):21–23
8 谢和平(翻译).分形几何:数学基础及应用[M].北京:中国矿业出版社,1990
9 王素娜,吕军.分形及其在土壤科学中的应用[J].土壤通报,2005,2
10 苏永中,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地农田沙漠化演变中土壤颗粒分形特征[J].生态学报, 24(1): 72-74
11 赵文智,刘志民,程国栋.土地沙质荒漠化过程的土壤分形特征[J].土壤学报,2002,39 (6):877-881
12 宫都阿,何毓蓉.金沙江干热河谷退化土壤结构的分形特征研究[J].水土保持学报, 2001, 15(3):112-115
13 杨培岭,罗远培等. 用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J]. 科学通报,1993,38(20) : 1896-1899
14 刘金福,洪伟,吴承祯.中亚热带几种珍贵树种林分土壤团粒结构的分维特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(2):197-205
15 张世熔,邓良基,周倩,等.耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形维数及其与主要土壤特性的关系[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):221-226
16 吴承祯,洪伟.不同经营模式土壤团粒结构的分形特征研究[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):163-167
17 李德成,张桃林.中国土壤颗粒组成的分形特征研究[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(4):263-365
18 刘松玉,张继文.土中孔隙分布的分形特征研究[J].东南人学学报,1997,27(3):127-130
19 黄冠华,詹卫华. 土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用[J]. 土壤学报,2002,39(4): 490-497
20 杨秀春,刘连友,严平.土壤短期吹蚀的粒度分维研究[J].土壤学报,2004,41(2):176-181
21 谢和平.岩土介质的分形孔隙和分形粒子[J].力学进展,1993,23(2):145-164
22 佟金, 任露泉, 陈乘聪等. 土壤颗粒尺寸分布分维及对粘附行为的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,1994,10(3):27-33
23 龙牧华,陈阜等.农牧交错带农业持续发展的困境与出路[J].中国农业资源与区划,1995,
24 减英,高焕文,周建忠.保护性耕作对农田土壤风蚀影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(2):56-60
25 荣姣凤,李晓东,丁凤琴.北京市保护性耕作防治土壤风蚀的效果研究[J].中国水土保持SWCC,2005,06:31-32
26 臧英.保护性耕作防治土壤风蚀的试验研究[D].博士学位论文,中国农业大学,2003
27 哈斯等.耕作方式对土壤风蚀的影响[J].土壤侵蚀与水上保持学报,1996,1
28 德宝等.带状留茬间作对防治干旱地区农田风蚀沙化的生态效应[J].华北农学报,2002(4)
29 陈渭南等.中国北方土壤风蚀问题研究的开展与趋势[J].地球科学进展,1994,5
30 鲁植雄,张维强,潘君拯.分形理论及其在农业土壤中的应用[J].土壤学进展,1994,22 (5):40-45
31 赵寰宇.浅析农田取样器的设计及应用[J].农村牧区机械化,2006,1:33-34
32 姚贤良,程云生.土壤物理学[M].农业出版社,1986
33 范贵生.可移动式风蚀风洞设计及空气动力学性能研究[D].博士学位论文,呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2003
34 段学友.可移动式风蚀风洞留流场空气动力学特性的测试与评价[D].硕士学位论文,呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学,2005
35 Arya L M,and Paris J F.A physico-empirical model to predict the soil moisture characteristic from particle-size distribution and bulk density dataU.Soil Sci. Soc.Am.J,1981,45:1023-1030
36 Turcotte D L. Fractafragmentation .J.Geophys.Res,l993,91(12):1896-1899
37 Tyler S W, Wheatcraft S W. Fractal scaling of soil particle-size distributions: analysis and limitations. Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J,1992,56: 362-369