基于ABR业务的ATM网络拥塞控制算法研究及其在交换机中的应用
|
摘要
由于传统的电路交换资源利用率低,而传统的分组交换保证不了服务质量且交换速度慢,因此一种新的网络技术——ATM网络技术应运而生。ATM为了保证其QoS,将其业务划分为恒定比特率(CBR)、实时可变比特率(rt-VBR)、非实时可变比特率(nrt-VBR)、可用比特率(ABR)、不指明比特率(UBR)五中业务,并分别采用了控制机制。其中ABR业务的流量控制机制是唯一的闭环反馈控制机制,这使ABR业务的流量控制在保证ATM的Qos中具有非常重要的地位。
本文在分析ABR流量控制算法的基础上进行了ABR业务二进制流量控制和拥塞检测的关键技术研究,在进行理论分析的基础上,试图尽力体现工程应用的背景和理念,并以此为本文的基调,即强调算法的可实现性、与现有标准兼容性等,总结起来,本文的主要工作包括如下内容:
在对现有二进制算法进行建模分析的基础上,针对二进制EFCI算法收敛慢和信元速率、缓存队列长度振幅大的缺点,给出了携带队列长度信息的流量控制算法(E-EFCI)。仿真证明,该算法比基本EFCI算法具有更好的控制行为,减小了ACR和排队长度的振荡幅度,提高了链路、缓存利用率,加快拥塞解除,并具有较高的性能价格比。这也表明,根据网络交换节点的具体队列长度实时地选择参数可以使算法的性能得到优化。
第四章在讨论依据速率来检测拥塞的基础上,为进一步优化二进制算法的性能,给出了基于速率的携带虚队列长度信息的流量控制算法。仿真证明,该算法在携带队列长度信息的流量控制算法的基础上更进一步解决了EFCI算法的缺点。
在第五章中介绍了交换机设计的一些技术指标和设计思想,并简单讨论了交换机的软、硬件构架。最后是本文的总结,主要阐述了本文研究中的不足和需要进一步研究改进的地方。
Because the traditional circuit switching has low utilization, and the traditional packet switching can't guarantee the quality of service and has low switching speed ,a new technology -ATM emerges as times require. To guarantee the Qos ATM divided the service into five categories: Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Real-Time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR),Non-Real-Time Variable Bit Rate(nrt-VBR), Available Bit Rate(ABR), Unspecified Bit Rate(UBR) and adopt flow control mechanism respectively. The mechanism of ABR service is unique closed-loop control with feedback, which make the flow control of ABR service is very important to guarantee the Qos of ATM networks.In this paper, the key technology of binary flow control algorithm of ABR service and congestion detection has been studied based on analyzing the current binary flow control algorithm of ABR service. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, we emphasize on the implementation issues and the compatibility to current standard. Main achievement of this paper are summarized as follows:Based on modeling of binary algorithm of ABR flow control, to the solve the defect of EFCI algorithm such as, response to congestion slowly, the oscillation amplitude of ACR and queue length too large, we presented the An ABR flow control scheme with information of queue length, The result of simulation indicates that the new algorithm has better real-time control ability than basic EFCI algorithm. It has lower oscillation amplitude of ACR and queue length , higher link, buffer utilization rate , faster relieve congestion and better cost/performance. This demonstrates that choosing parameter real-timely according to network switch point's buffer amplitude.In chapter 4th, on the basis of discussing the detection congestion according to the speed, in order to optimize the performance of the binary algorithm further, we presented the An ABR flow control scheme with virtual information of queue length based on speed. The result of simulation indicates that the new algorithm has solved the defect of basic EFCI algorithm than E-EFCI algorithm.In chapter 5th, we has discussed the software and hardware framework of the switch briefly and introduce technology standard, design thinking on design switch. Finally, conclusion is drawn on the defect and the improvement of research further more in this paper.
本文在分析ABR流量控制算法的基础上进行了ABR业务二进制流量控制和拥塞检测的关键技术研究,在进行理论分析的基础上,试图尽力体现工程应用的背景和理念,并以此为本文的基调,即强调算法的可实现性、与现有标准兼容性等,总结起来,本文的主要工作包括如下内容:
在对现有二进制算法进行建模分析的基础上,针对二进制EFCI算法收敛慢和信元速率、缓存队列长度振幅大的缺点,给出了携带队列长度信息的流量控制算法(E-EFCI)。仿真证明,该算法比基本EFCI算法具有更好的控制行为,减小了ACR和排队长度的振荡幅度,提高了链路、缓存利用率,加快拥塞解除,并具有较高的性能价格比。这也表明,根据网络交换节点的具体队列长度实时地选择参数可以使算法的性能得到优化。
第四章在讨论依据速率来检测拥塞的基础上,为进一步优化二进制算法的性能,给出了基于速率的携带虚队列长度信息的流量控制算法。仿真证明,该算法在携带队列长度信息的流量控制算法的基础上更进一步解决了EFCI算法的缺点。
在第五章中介绍了交换机设计的一些技术指标和设计思想,并简单讨论了交换机的软、硬件构架。最后是本文的总结,主要阐述了本文研究中的不足和需要进一步研究改进的地方。
Because the traditional circuit switching has low utilization, and the traditional packet switching can't guarantee the quality of service and has low switching speed ,a new technology -ATM emerges as times require. To guarantee the Qos ATM divided the service into five categories: Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Real-Time Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR),Non-Real-Time Variable Bit Rate(nrt-VBR), Available Bit Rate(ABR), Unspecified Bit Rate(UBR) and adopt flow control mechanism respectively. The mechanism of ABR service is unique closed-loop control with feedback, which make the flow control of ABR service is very important to guarantee the Qos of ATM networks.In this paper, the key technology of binary flow control algorithm of ABR service and congestion detection has been studied based on analyzing the current binary flow control algorithm of ABR service. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, we emphasize on the implementation issues and the compatibility to current standard. Main achievement of this paper are summarized as follows:Based on modeling of binary algorithm of ABR flow control, to the solve the defect of EFCI algorithm such as, response to congestion slowly, the oscillation amplitude of ACR and queue length too large, we presented the An ABR flow control scheme with information of queue length, The result of simulation indicates that the new algorithm has better real-time control ability than basic EFCI algorithm. It has lower oscillation amplitude of ACR and queue length , higher link, buffer utilization rate , faster relieve congestion and better cost/performance. This demonstrates that choosing parameter real-timely according to network switch point's buffer amplitude.In chapter 4th, on the basis of discussing the detection congestion according to the speed, in order to optimize the performance of the binary algorithm further, we presented the An ABR flow control scheme with virtual information of queue length based on speed. The result of simulation indicates that the new algorithm has solved the defect of basic EFCI algorithm than E-EFCI algorithm.In chapter 5th, we has discussed the software and hardware framework of the switch briefly and introduce technology standard, design thinking on design switch. Finally, conclusion is drawn on the defect and the improvement of research further more in this paper.
引文
[1] ITU-T I.371 Traffic control and congestion control in B-ISDN
[2] William Stallings . HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS TCP/IP AND ATM DESIGN PRINCIPLES. 电子工业出版社
[3] Zhang L, Deering S et al. RSVP:A New Resource ReSerVation Protocol. IEEE Network, September 1993
[4] ITU-T I.362 B-ISDN. ATM adaptation layer (AAL) functional description
[5] 郭书育,倪红,化莉.网络拥塞控制的策略及算法分析 淮阴工学院学报,2001,10(6):
[6] Zhang L, Deering S et al. RSVP:A New Resource ReSerVation Protocol. IEEE Network, September 1993
[7] Folyd S, Jacobson V. Random early detection gataway for congestion avoidance. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking, 1993,1(4):397-413
[8] 罗万明,林闯,阎保平.TCP/IP拥塞控制研究 计算机学报.2001,24(1):1—18
[9] Caserri C, Meo M. A new approach to model the stationary behavior of TCP connections. In:Pro IEEE INFOCOM2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, CA:IEEE Computer Society,2000.
[10] William Stallings著.齐望东等译.高速网络TCP/IP和ATM的没计原理.电子工业出版社,1999,12
[11] 任丰源,李娜,王福豹.ATM网络流量管理概述 航天电子技术.1995,(2):33-38
[12] 李方方.陈雪梅,奚建清.流量控制技术在ATM网络中的应用 现代计算机1999,5:41-47
[13] Kung H, Morris R. Credit-Based Flow Control for ATM Networks. IEEE Network, May, 1995,(9):40-48
[14] Bonomi F, Fendick K. The Rate-Based Flow Control Framework for the Available Bit-Rate ATM Service. IEEE Network, May,1995,(9):25-39
[15] The ATM Forum "The ATM Forum Traffic Management Specification" version 4.0,1996
[16] Arulambalam A, Chen X-Q. Allocating Fair Rate for Available Bit Rate Service in ATM Networks IEEE Communication Magazine, 1996:92-100
[17] 任丰原,任勇,山秀明,王福豹.二进制ABR流量控制算法的建模与分析.计算机学报,2002,25(6):651—656
[18] 王晟,李乐民.一种新的适用于多种公平准则的ABR流控算法的设计和研 究 电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):652-658
[19] 冷晓冰.ATM交换机的设计实现及ABR流量控制算法的研究.博士论文东北大学 2001.
[20] M.R.KARIM 韩毅刚 译.牛锐挺 校.ATM技术实用教程.电子工业出版社 2000.
[21] 贾世楼 王刚 杨铁军 编著.ATM技术与宽带中和业务网.哈尔滨工业大出版社 2000.
[22] M. Hluchyj et at."Closed-loop rate-based traffic management",ATM Form 94-021 IR3April 1994
[23] Ren Feng Yuan, Ren Yong, ShanXiuMing. Analysis and improvement of the EFCI alogorithm. In : Proc 6th IEEE Symposium on Computer and Communication (ISCC), Hammamet. Junisia,2001.pp 255-259.
[24] 王勇前,马正新,曹志刚.基于星上处理的卫星ATM中ABR业务拥塞控制算法研究.电子学报,2000,28(10):
[25] 高宏,丁炜.ABR流量控制—一种神经网络方法.电路与系统学报,2000,5(1):
[26] 钱琦浅.ATM网络中的流量测控技术.江苏广播电视大学学报,2002,13(6):
[27] 吴德本.ATM技术.电信技术,2002,3():
[28] 陈广文 何永明 陈时羲.一种考察CCR的ABR业务二值法流量控制方案.电子学报 Vol.28,No.4,April,2000
[29] 贡越,程时昕,鲍炜.ATM交换的性能测试基准.中国科学技术大学学报,1997,27(3):
[30] V. Catania, G. Ficili etal. Using Fuzzy Logic in ATM Source TrafficControl:Lessons and Perspectives. IEEE Communication Magazine, 1996
[31] 孙晓东 冯振明.简单计算ABR业务平均ACR的反馈流量控制算法.清华大报,2002,42(7):
[32] Jae Yong Lee,Byung Guk Kim and Bun Bong Lee. design of new ABR congestion control algorithm in ATM networks, electronics letters 20th 2000 36(2):
[33] Arulambalam A, Chen X-Q. Allocating Fair Rate for Available Bit Rate Service in ATM Networks IEEE Communication Magazine Nov, 1996:92-100.
[34] 冷晓冰,付立政等.一种具有虚拟VC排队的ABR流量控制方案.小型微型计算机系统 2001,21(12):1240-1243
[35] 康智斌,刘增基,鞠德航等.ATM网络ABR业务拥塞控制方法及其性能 分析.西安电子科技大学学报,1998,25(1):17-23
[36] 贡越,易训,程时昕.ATM网络中基于速率的流量建议分析.东南大学学报.
[37] 冷晓冰,王中,付立政,栾贵兴.按队长周期性设置EFCI的ABR流量控制算法.通信学报,2001,22(2):
[38] Hafssa Benaboud Noufissa Mikou. Analysis by Queuing Model of Mulyi-Threshold Mechanism in ATM Switches. IEEE, 2002 0-7803-75600-5/02
[39] Lance E.Hester, Carlos Luna. Srikanta P.R.Kumar+ Analysis of Control Parameters on ABR Rate-Based Control Mechanisms. IEEE, 0-7803-4874-5/98
[40] Zhi Bin Kang and Anjali Agarwal. Analysis of End-to-End Delay Based on Enhanced-EFCI Congestion control Algorithm for ABR Sevice. IEEE,2001, 0-7803-6490-2/01
[41] 刘益林,李建华,顾尚杰,诸鸿文.ATM网络中ABR业务的拥塞检测.上海交通大学学报,1998,32(8):
[42] 姜盂超,刘云,张振江.ATM网中的ABR业务及其拥塞控制和捌塞检测.2000年4月 北方交通大学学报,2000,24(2):
[43] Rohan de Silva. A Simple Method of ATM ABR Congestion Control. IEEE, 2002, 0-7803-75600-5/02
[44] Ezzat S. Atich, Mustafa M. atalgah, Mohsen M. Guizani. Buffer Requirements for ABR Trafic Congestion Control Mechanism. IEEE, 1999,0-7803-5258-05/99
[45] Wenfeng Chen and HT. Mouftah Design and Analaysis of an ABR Flow Control Protocol. IEEE, 1997, 0-7803-3716-6
[46] Eabio M.Chiussi and Y.T.Wang An ABR Rate-Based Conguestion Control Algorithm for ATM Switches with Per-VC Queueing.IEEE, 1997,0-7803-4198-8
[47] Paolo Narvaez Kai-Yeung Siu Optimal. Feedback Control for ABR Service in ATM. IEEE, 1997, 0-8186-80G1-Ⅹ
[48] David E. McDysan Darren l.Spohn著吕英华 常卫国 等译.ATM技术使用大全.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:
[49] 陈锡生 著.ATM交换技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:
[50] 文远保,吴少鸿.大型ATM交换结构的研究.华中理工大学学报,1998,6(4):
[51] 赵有健,姜彩萍,栾贵兴.多业务并行ATM交换机结构的优化设计和性能.小型微型计算机系统,1999,20(6):
[52] 林尚平,贾世楼,王钢,刘晓锋.大容量ATM交换机结构设计与性能分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2001,33(1):
[2] William Stallings . HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS TCP/IP AND ATM DESIGN PRINCIPLES. 电子工业出版社
[3] Zhang L, Deering S et al. RSVP:A New Resource ReSerVation Protocol. IEEE Network, September 1993
[4] ITU-T I.362 B-ISDN. ATM adaptation layer (AAL) functional description
[5] 郭书育,倪红,化莉.网络拥塞控制的策略及算法分析 淮阴工学院学报,2001,10(6):
[6] Zhang L, Deering S et al. RSVP:A New Resource ReSerVation Protocol. IEEE Network, September 1993
[7] Folyd S, Jacobson V. Random early detection gataway for congestion avoidance. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking, 1993,1(4):397-413
[8] 罗万明,林闯,阎保平.TCP/IP拥塞控制研究 计算机学报.2001,24(1):1—18
[9] Caserri C, Meo M. A new approach to model the stationary behavior of TCP connections. In:Pro IEEE INFOCOM2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, CA:IEEE Computer Society,2000.
[10] William Stallings著.齐望东等译.高速网络TCP/IP和ATM的没计原理.电子工业出版社,1999,12
[11] 任丰源,李娜,王福豹.ATM网络流量管理概述 航天电子技术.1995,(2):33-38
[12] 李方方.陈雪梅,奚建清.流量控制技术在ATM网络中的应用 现代计算机1999,5:41-47
[13] Kung H, Morris R. Credit-Based Flow Control for ATM Networks. IEEE Network, May, 1995,(9):40-48
[14] Bonomi F, Fendick K. The Rate-Based Flow Control Framework for the Available Bit-Rate ATM Service. IEEE Network, May,1995,(9):25-39
[15] The ATM Forum "The ATM Forum Traffic Management Specification" version 4.0,1996
[16] Arulambalam A, Chen X-Q. Allocating Fair Rate for Available Bit Rate Service in ATM Networks IEEE Communication Magazine, 1996:92-100
[17] 任丰原,任勇,山秀明,王福豹.二进制ABR流量控制算法的建模与分析.计算机学报,2002,25(6):651—656
[18] 王晟,李乐民.一种新的适用于多种公平准则的ABR流控算法的设计和研 究 电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):652-658
[19] 冷晓冰.ATM交换机的设计实现及ABR流量控制算法的研究.博士论文东北大学 2001.
[20] M.R.KARIM 韩毅刚 译.牛锐挺 校.ATM技术实用教程.电子工业出版社 2000.
[21] 贾世楼 王刚 杨铁军 编著.ATM技术与宽带中和业务网.哈尔滨工业大出版社 2000.
[22] M. Hluchyj et at."Closed-loop rate-based traffic management",ATM Form 94-021 IR3April 1994
[23] Ren Feng Yuan, Ren Yong, ShanXiuMing. Analysis and improvement of the EFCI alogorithm. In : Proc 6th IEEE Symposium on Computer and Communication (ISCC), Hammamet. Junisia,2001.pp 255-259.
[24] 王勇前,马正新,曹志刚.基于星上处理的卫星ATM中ABR业务拥塞控制算法研究.电子学报,2000,28(10):
[25] 高宏,丁炜.ABR流量控制—一种神经网络方法.电路与系统学报,2000,5(1):
[26] 钱琦浅.ATM网络中的流量测控技术.江苏广播电视大学学报,2002,13(6):
[27] 吴德本.ATM技术.电信技术,2002,3():
[28] 陈广文 何永明 陈时羲.一种考察CCR的ABR业务二值法流量控制方案.电子学报 Vol.28,No.4,April,2000
[29] 贡越,程时昕,鲍炜.ATM交换的性能测试基准.中国科学技术大学学报,1997,27(3):
[30] V. Catania, G. Ficili etal. Using Fuzzy Logic in ATM Source TrafficControl:Lessons and Perspectives. IEEE Communication Magazine, 1996
[31] 孙晓东 冯振明.简单计算ABR业务平均ACR的反馈流量控制算法.清华大报,2002,42(7):
[32] Jae Yong Lee,Byung Guk Kim and Bun Bong Lee. design of new ABR congestion control algorithm in ATM networks, electronics letters 20th 2000 36(2):
[33] Arulambalam A, Chen X-Q. Allocating Fair Rate for Available Bit Rate Service in ATM Networks IEEE Communication Magazine Nov, 1996:92-100.
[34] 冷晓冰,付立政等.一种具有虚拟VC排队的ABR流量控制方案.小型微型计算机系统 2001,21(12):1240-1243
[35] 康智斌,刘增基,鞠德航等.ATM网络ABR业务拥塞控制方法及其性能 分析.西安电子科技大学学报,1998,25(1):17-23
[36] 贡越,易训,程时昕.ATM网络中基于速率的流量建议分析.东南大学学报.
[37] 冷晓冰,王中,付立政,栾贵兴.按队长周期性设置EFCI的ABR流量控制算法.通信学报,2001,22(2):
[38] Hafssa Benaboud Noufissa Mikou. Analysis by Queuing Model of Mulyi-Threshold Mechanism in ATM Switches. IEEE, 2002 0-7803-75600-5/02
[39] Lance E.Hester, Carlos Luna. Srikanta P.R.Kumar+ Analysis of Control Parameters on ABR Rate-Based Control Mechanisms. IEEE, 0-7803-4874-5/98
[40] Zhi Bin Kang and Anjali Agarwal. Analysis of End-to-End Delay Based on Enhanced-EFCI Congestion control Algorithm for ABR Sevice. IEEE,2001, 0-7803-6490-2/01
[41] 刘益林,李建华,顾尚杰,诸鸿文.ATM网络中ABR业务的拥塞检测.上海交通大学学报,1998,32(8):
[42] 姜盂超,刘云,张振江.ATM网中的ABR业务及其拥塞控制和捌塞检测.2000年4月 北方交通大学学报,2000,24(2):
[43] Rohan de Silva. A Simple Method of ATM ABR Congestion Control. IEEE, 2002, 0-7803-75600-5/02
[44] Ezzat S. Atich, Mustafa M. atalgah, Mohsen M. Guizani. Buffer Requirements for ABR Trafic Congestion Control Mechanism. IEEE, 1999,0-7803-5258-05/99
[45] Wenfeng Chen and HT. Mouftah Design and Analaysis of an ABR Flow Control Protocol. IEEE, 1997, 0-7803-3716-6
[46] Eabio M.Chiussi and Y.T.Wang An ABR Rate-Based Conguestion Control Algorithm for ATM Switches with Per-VC Queueing.IEEE, 1997,0-7803-4198-8
[47] Paolo Narvaez Kai-Yeung Siu Optimal. Feedback Control for ABR Service in ATM. IEEE, 1997, 0-8186-80G1-Ⅹ
[48] David E. McDysan Darren l.Spohn著吕英华 常卫国 等译.ATM技术使用大全.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:
[49] 陈锡生 著.ATM交换技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:
[50] 文远保,吴少鸿.大型ATM交换结构的研究.华中理工大学学报,1998,6(4):
[51] 赵有健,姜彩萍,栾贵兴.多业务并行ATM交换机结构的优化设计和性能.小型微型计算机系统,1999,20(6):
[52] 林尚平,贾世楼,王钢,刘晓锋.大容量ATM交换机结构设计与性能分析.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2001,33(1):