丹参营养特性及需肥规律研究
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摘要
本试验采用“3414”最优回归设计,以旱地丹参为试验材料,分部位测定其根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾以及微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌的质量分数,明确了丹参养分吸收规律及干物质积累规律;并就施用氮、磷、钾肥对其养分吸收、产量和经济效应的影响进行了研究,探讨了豫西旱地丹参氮磷钾肥的用量及配比。研究结果报告如下:
1.丹参对氮磷钾元素的吸收量因部位、生长期、产量水平、施肥量而发生相应的变化,一生吸收N、P、K数量分别为269 kg/hm2、159 kg/hm~2、346 kg/hm~2;一生吸收微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn分别为19.1kg/hm~2、1.5kg/hm~2、0.9kg/hm~2、2.4kg/hm~2。
2.在不同的施肥水平下,丹参的地下干重都随着时间的增加而依次增加,尤其在9月-10月地下干重增长较为迅速,每公顷施氮量为210kg,施磷量为150kg,施钾量为180kg时,丹参的产量最高,达到7576kg/hm2。
3.丹参施肥比对照增产11.5-54.5%,平均为33%。其中氮肥对产量的作用最大,磷素次之,钾素贡献最小。每公顷最高产量为7668 kg,最大氮肥用量为210 kg,磷肥(P2O5)为142 kg,钾肥(K2O)为165 kg。经济施肥量为氮肥210kg,施磷肥75kg施钾肥90kg时,其氮磷钾用量之比为1:0.36:0.43,每kg化肥平均增产6.27 kg丹参,产投比为4.15,每公顷净利润为33604元。
Used "3414" Optimal regression design recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, studied Salvia nutritional requirement in the western of Henan province, and nutrition concentration and content of root, stem and leaf was measured. The nutritional efficiency of N, P and K and nutritional economical efficiency had been studied too. The results reported as follows:
1. The N, P, K concentration and content in differential part of salvia changed according to part of salvia, growth stage, yield levels and applied fertilizer amount. With economical yields, salvia required N, P, K fertilizer 269 kg/hm~2, 159 kg/hm~2, 346 kg/hm~2 respectively. It also required Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn element 19.1kg/hm~2, 1.5kg/hm~2 , 0.9kg/hm2, 2.4kg/hm2 respectively.
2. Dry weight of salvia increased from July to September. It was especially rapid during September and October. With 210kg N, 150kg P2O5 and 180kg K2O, yield of salvia was reached to the maximum, 7576kg/hm2.
3. With applied fertilizer, the yields of salvia increased about 11.5-54.5%, and in average of 33%. N fertilizer contributed the most part in yields and phosphorus fertilizer the next and so on. While the yield reached the maximum(7668 kg), it required 210 kg N, 142 kg P2O5 and 165 kg K2O(N: P2O5: K2O). With one kg fertilizer it could increased about 6.27 kg salvia, the ratio of output to input was 4.15, and the profits was 33604 yuan per ha.
1.丹参对氮磷钾元素的吸收量因部位、生长期、产量水平、施肥量而发生相应的变化,一生吸收N、P、K数量分别为269 kg/hm2、159 kg/hm~2、346 kg/hm~2;一生吸收微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn分别为19.1kg/hm~2、1.5kg/hm~2、0.9kg/hm~2、2.4kg/hm~2。
2.在不同的施肥水平下,丹参的地下干重都随着时间的增加而依次增加,尤其在9月-10月地下干重增长较为迅速,每公顷施氮量为210kg,施磷量为150kg,施钾量为180kg时,丹参的产量最高,达到7576kg/hm2。
3.丹参施肥比对照增产11.5-54.5%,平均为33%。其中氮肥对产量的作用最大,磷素次之,钾素贡献最小。每公顷最高产量为7668 kg,最大氮肥用量为210 kg,磷肥(P2O5)为142 kg,钾肥(K2O)为165 kg。经济施肥量为氮肥210kg,施磷肥75kg施钾肥90kg时,其氮磷钾用量之比为1:0.36:0.43,每kg化肥平均增产6.27 kg丹参,产投比为4.15,每公顷净利润为33604元。
Used "3414" Optimal regression design recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, studied Salvia nutritional requirement in the western of Henan province, and nutrition concentration and content of root, stem and leaf was measured. The nutritional efficiency of N, P and K and nutritional economical efficiency had been studied too. The results reported as follows:
1. The N, P, K concentration and content in differential part of salvia changed according to part of salvia, growth stage, yield levels and applied fertilizer amount. With economical yields, salvia required N, P, K fertilizer 269 kg/hm~2, 159 kg/hm~2, 346 kg/hm~2 respectively. It also required Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn element 19.1kg/hm~2, 1.5kg/hm~2 , 0.9kg/hm2, 2.4kg/hm2 respectively.
2. Dry weight of salvia increased from July to September. It was especially rapid during September and October. With 210kg N, 150kg P2O5 and 180kg K2O, yield of salvia was reached to the maximum, 7576kg/hm2.
3. With applied fertilizer, the yields of salvia increased about 11.5-54.5%, and in average of 33%. N fertilizer contributed the most part in yields and phosphorus fertilizer the next and so on. While the yield reached the maximum(7668 kg), it required 210 kg N, 142 kg P2O5 and 165 kg K2O(N: P2O5: K2O). With one kg fertilizer it could increased about 6.27 kg salvia, the ratio of output to input was 4.15, and the profits was 33604 yuan per ha.
引文
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[3]朱蔚华,胡秋,朱兆仪,等.丹参组织培养研究[J].中药材,1994,17(4):3-5.
[4]张白嘉,刘榴.丹参水溶部分药理研究进展[J].中草药,1996,27(10):36-38.
[5]浙江农业大学.植物营养与肥料[M].中国农业出版社,1988:31-35.
[6]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].中国农业出版社,1999:23-30.
[7] S.C.Chang, Jackson M L.Fraction of soil phosphorous[J]. Soil Sci, 1997, 84:133-144.
[8]李孝良,于群英,陈世勇.安徽省土壤磷素形态及其影响因素研究[J].安徽农业技术师范学院学报,2001,15(1):12-15.
[9]刘建玲,廖文华,张凤华.菜园土各形态磷库的变化及空间分布[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(6):6-11.
[10]曾宪坤.磷的农业化学[J].磷肥与复肥,1999,(3):54-57.
[11]韩建萍,梁宗锁,孙群.氮、磷对丹参根系生长及总丹参酮累积的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(4):603-607.
[12]刘建玲,张福锁,杨奋翮.北方耕地和蔬菜保护地土壤磷素状况研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):179-186.
[13]张爱君,马飞,张明普.黄潮土长期施用磷肥的肥效演变[J].江苏农业学报,2000,16(2):111-114.
[14]雷明江,杨玉华,杜昌文.长期定位施肥试验中土壤可溶性有机磷的变化规律及其有效性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(5):844-849.
[15]刘树堂,姚源喜,隋方功.长期定位施肥对土壤磷、钾素动态变化的影响[J].生态环境,2003,12(4):452-455.
[16]徐茂,王绪奎,顾祝军.江苏省环太湖地区速效磷和速效钾含量时空变化研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(6):983-990.
[17] Schwab A P, Kulying S. Change in phosphate activities and availability indexes with depth after 40 years of fertilization[J]. Soil Science, 1989, 147(3):179-186.
[18]范钦桢,谢建昌.长期肥料定位试验中土壤钾素肥力的演变[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):591-598.
[19]林颖,张丁娜,宋庆英.土壤速效养分变化趋势及对策[J].黑河科技,2002,(3):59.
[20]张树清.我国氮磷钾养分与合理施肥技术的研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2004,19(2):65-69.
[21]刘峰,聂荣邦.作物钾营养研究进展[J].作物研究,2004,(5):358-361.
[22] Chanpiniii PS. Effects nutrent deficiency on plant growth:Evidence for a centratied stress response system [A]. 1995, 130-132.
[23]刘红霞,王月,吴正超.长期轮作施肥对棕壤钾素动态变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(2):229-233.
[24]丛日环,李小坤,鲁剑巍.土壤钾素转化的影响因素及其研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(6):907-913.
[25] Shainberg I, Alperovitchn I, Kerenr. Charge density and Na-K-Ca exchange on smectites[J]. Clay and Clay Minerals, 1987, 35(1): 68-73.
[26]姚源喜,刘树堂,郇恒福.长期定位施肥对非石灰性潮土钾素状况的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,(2):18-21.
[27]郭兰萍,黄璐琦,邵爱娟.苍术根际区土壤养分变化规律[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(19):1504-1506.
[28]慕兰,郑义,申眺.河南省主要耕地土壤肥力监测报告[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007,(2):17-22
[29]李贵宝,尹澄清,孙克刚.河南省土壤库中钾养分资源状况的研究[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(2) :138-142.
[30]杜冠华,张均田.丹参现代研究概况与进展[J].医药导报.2004,23(6):355-360.
[31]刘文婷,梁宗锁,付亮亮.栽植密度对丹参产量和有效成分含量的影响[J].现代中药研究与实践,2003,17(4):14-17.
[32] Chen Z, Song H T, Chen B Y1 Fertilizers experiment on Salviamiltiorrhiza in the field [J ].1 J Chin Med Mater, 1991, 14(6): 112-121.
[33] Han J P, Liang Z S, Sun Q, et al1 Effects of fertilizing onDanshen grow th and effective ingredient [J ].1 Acta AgricB oreal2O ccident S in , 2002, 4 (11): 672-711.
[34] Leng W J, Wei Y Q, Kuang Y, et al1 Effect of differentsorts of fertilizer on content of tanshinone A of cultivatedR ad ix Salvia Miltiolrrhizae [J ].1 Chin Trad it PatMed , 2002, 24(6): 4342-4351.
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