便携式产品中白光LED驱动电路的设计
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摘要
当前,电源管理市场正在世界范围特别是中国国内快速成长。其中,随着便携式设备的大量普及,用于其背光LED驱动的产品正成为增长最快的电源管理类产品之一。
论文设计了一种可用于便携式设备背光LED驱动的电流控制模式DC/DC单片开关电源芯片。电路的电源输入在3V～5V变化,采用BOOST电路结构升压,在极限情况下最多可驱动七个白光LED,由于LED串联,因此各LED电流完全匹配,亮度一致。输出电流0mA～20mA可调。电路与少量的外围器件搭配之后,即可对串联LED驱动供电。通过各种不同的外围应用电路能实现短路保护、软起动及四种调光控制方式,应用非常灵活。通过精心设计和工艺支持,采用标准CMOS工艺和典型结构器件,只用了数十个晶体管就完成了所有电路,在确保芯片体积小、成本低的同时,保证了电路足够高的效率,效率最高可达84%。
在本论文中,作者首先介绍了电源管理产品、特别是白光LED的应用、发展与前景,并具体介绍了开关电源技术的结构,接下来阐述电流控制模式单片开关电源以及其斜坡补偿的基本结构、工作原理及其优缺点。根据具体使用要求进行了电路的总体结构及应用电路设计,采用典型的电流模式PWM控制器的结构,将整体电路划分为八个模块。接下来在此基础上完成了各个子电路的电路结构的设计及相关重要参数的分析、计算。
采用国内华润上华厂商提供的相应的标准CMOS工艺制程模型,利用Hspice对各子模块进行了仿真验证,确保其在不同电源及温度下达到各指标设计要求。电路的最终流片将采用标准CMOS工艺,共有纵向PNP、PMOS、NMOS、电阻和电容五种器件结构,在最后的第四章,对工艺和以上四种器件结构作了一定介绍和分析,并结合了版图设计分析了部分设计要点。
The current market of power management products is growing up very fast all over the world, especially in china. The driver of the white LEDs for display backlighting becomes one of the fastest growing kinds of power management products with the wide use of portable facilities.
This dissertation designs a current mode switching regulator used in driving white LEDs for display backlighting of variety of portable facilities. The outside of this chip adopts BOOST structure to drive up to seven white LEDs with the input voltage ranging from 3V to 5V. Series connection of the LEDs provides identical LED current resulting in uniform brightness. The output current is adjustable from OmA to 20mA. Connecting with different peripheral devices, the circuit can also have the functions of short circuit protection, soft start and four kinds of dimming control. With careful design and the support of the process, the circuit can be accomplished within only tens of transistors, the standard CMOS process and the typical devices are available. Thus its size is small meanwhile its efficiency gets enough guarantee.
In the dissertation, the author firstly introduce the application, development and future of power management products, especially white LEDs driver, specify the theory,basic structure and advantages of the current mode switching regulator and its slope compensation. The design of the whole chip topology and the application circuit is carried out at the request of the specific use and the circuit introduces the typical structure of current mode PWM controller to seven sub-blocks. Then the topology of every sub-block are analyzed and the relative important parameters are calculated.
Every sub-block has been simulated by Hspice with a standard CMOS process model provided by a famous foundry to ensure meeting the requirement at different supply voltage and temperature.
The circuit will be taped out through the standard CMOS process, four kinds of devices are available:vertical PNP,PMOS,NMOS,resistor and capacitor.Some informa -tion about the process and the devices are given in chapter 4, in which some notes about the layout are also presented.
论文设计了一种可用于便携式设备背光LED驱动的电流控制模式DC/DC单片开关电源芯片。电路的电源输入在3V～5V变化,采用BOOST电路结构升压,在极限情况下最多可驱动七个白光LED,由于LED串联,因此各LED电流完全匹配,亮度一致。输出电流0mA～20mA可调。电路与少量的外围器件搭配之后,即可对串联LED驱动供电。通过各种不同的外围应用电路能实现短路保护、软起动及四种调光控制方式,应用非常灵活。通过精心设计和工艺支持,采用标准CMOS工艺和典型结构器件,只用了数十个晶体管就完成了所有电路,在确保芯片体积小、成本低的同时,保证了电路足够高的效率,效率最高可达84%。
在本论文中,作者首先介绍了电源管理产品、特别是白光LED的应用、发展与前景,并具体介绍了开关电源技术的结构,接下来阐述电流控制模式单片开关电源以及其斜坡补偿的基本结构、工作原理及其优缺点。根据具体使用要求进行了电路的总体结构及应用电路设计,采用典型的电流模式PWM控制器的结构,将整体电路划分为八个模块。接下来在此基础上完成了各个子电路的电路结构的设计及相关重要参数的分析、计算。
采用国内华润上华厂商提供的相应的标准CMOS工艺制程模型,利用Hspice对各子模块进行了仿真验证,确保其在不同电源及温度下达到各指标设计要求。电路的最终流片将采用标准CMOS工艺,共有纵向PNP、PMOS、NMOS、电阻和电容五种器件结构,在最后的第四章,对工艺和以上四种器件结构作了一定介绍和分析,并结合了版图设计分析了部分设计要点。
The current market of power management products is growing up very fast all over the world, especially in china. The driver of the white LEDs for display backlighting becomes one of the fastest growing kinds of power management products with the wide use of portable facilities.
This dissertation designs a current mode switching regulator used in driving white LEDs for display backlighting of variety of portable facilities. The outside of this chip adopts BOOST structure to drive up to seven white LEDs with the input voltage ranging from 3V to 5V. Series connection of the LEDs provides identical LED current resulting in uniform brightness. The output current is adjustable from OmA to 20mA. Connecting with different peripheral devices, the circuit can also have the functions of short circuit protection, soft start and four kinds of dimming control. With careful design and the support of the process, the circuit can be accomplished within only tens of transistors, the standard CMOS process and the typical devices are available. Thus its size is small meanwhile its efficiency gets enough guarantee.
In the dissertation, the author firstly introduce the application, development and future of power management products, especially white LEDs driver, specify the theory,basic structure and advantages of the current mode switching regulator and its slope compensation. The design of the whole chip topology and the application circuit is carried out at the request of the specific use and the circuit introduces the typical structure of current mode PWM controller to seven sub-blocks. Then the topology of every sub-block are analyzed and the relative important parameters are calculated.
Every sub-block has been simulated by Hspice with a standard CMOS process model provided by a famous foundry to ensure meeting the requirement at different supply voltage and temperature.
The circuit will be taped out through the standard CMOS process, four kinds of devices are available:vertical PNP,PMOS,NMOS,resistor and capacitor.Some informa -tion about the process and the devices are given in chapter 4, in which some notes about the layout are also presented.
引文
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[13]Phillip E.Allen Douglas R.Holberg.CMOS Analog Circuit Design.Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005:379-387
[14]I.M.Filanovsky.Current Mirror with Limiting of Linear Dynamic Range.IEEE,2002:Ⅱ61-64
[15]Kuo-Hsing Cheng,Chi-Che Chen and Chun-Fu Chung.Accurate Current Mirror with High Output Impedance,IEEE,2001:Ⅳ565-568
[16]PAUL R.GRAY,PAUL J.HURST,STEPHEN H.LEWIS,ROBERT G.MEYER ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS高等教育出版社2003.10:309-311
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[35]Hasting,A.The Art of Analog Layout.影印本,清华大学出版社,2004:104-112
[36]HYUN J S.Performance Comparison of Driver Configurations and Full Swing Techniques for BiCMOS Logic Circuits[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,1990,25(3):863-865
[37]司玉娟,冯凯等.一种有源有机发光显示屏(AM2OLED)驱动电路的设计.发光学报,2005.4:P257-261.
[38]万天才.8位移位寄存器数据输出控制驱动电路及其应用.微电子学,1999-10:P354-356.
[39]乐建连,章专.互补对偶结构的三值ECL锁存器设计.浙江大学学报(理学版),2005.3:P183-185.
[40]施佺,孙玲等.基于CMOS工艺的AES高速接口电路设计.电子器件,2004-9:P413-415.
[41]Hitoshi O,Takao A,Koichi T,etal.A sub 2.0v BiCMOS logic circuit with a BiCMOS charge pump[J].IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits,1996,31(1):84-89
[42]朱挺,吴训威.双边沿移位寄存器的设计原理及其应用.浙江大学学报(理学版),2004.1:P29-33.
[43]葛集彪.LED视频显示屏实时处理与驱动技术.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.3.
[44]李炳乾,布良基等.LED正向压降随温度的变化关系研究.光子学报,2003-11:P1349-1351.
[45]吴仲佑.交通导引显示屏解决方案—具有侦测功能的智能型LED驱动芯片.现代显示,2005.2:P23-24.
[46]王明顺,贺立红等.基于TPIC68273的LED驱动控制设计.国外电子元器件,2005-10:P14-16.
[47]赵柏树,肖运虹等.超高亮LED点阵信息显示系统的设计与实现.
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[2]王阳元.微电子科学技术和集成电路产业.中国集成电路,第45期,2005.2
[3]王阳元.微电子科学技术和集成电路产业.中国集成电路,第48期,2005.5
[4]朱正涌等.半导体集成电路.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[5]卢治平.开关功率变换器中新型控制模式研究,电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2003.6
[6]堵国梁.LED显示屏控制系统的设计.东南大学硕士学位论文,2001.7.
[7]李震梅,董传岱.无源有机电致发光显示驱动电路的研究.电路与应用,2005-2:P39-43.
[8]王伦耀,吴训威等.新型半静念低功耗D触发器设计.电路与系统学报,2004-12:P26-28.
[9]A.P.Brokaw.A Simple Three-Terminal IC Bandgap Reference,IEEE Journal of Sold-State Circuits,Vol.SC-9,Dec 1974:388-393
[10]C.R.Palmer and R.C.Dobkin.A Curvature Corrected Micropower Voltage Reference,International Solid-State Circuits Conference,Feb 1981:58-59
[11]Takeo Yasuda,Masaaki Yamamoto and Takafumi Nishi.A power-on reset pulse generator for low voltage applications,IEEE,2001:Ⅳ-598-601
[12]P.R.Gray and R.G.Meyer.Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits.Forth Edition,Wiley,New York,2001:170-293
[13]Phillip E.Allen Douglas R.Holberg.CMOS Analog Circuit Design.Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005:379-387
[14]I.M.Filanovsky.Current Mirror with Limiting of Linear Dynamic Range.IEEE,2002:Ⅱ61-64
[15]Kuo-Hsing Cheng,Chi-Che Chen and Chun-Fu Chung.Accurate Current Mirror with High Output Impedance,IEEE,2001:Ⅳ565-568
[16]PAUL R.GRAY,PAUL J.HURST,STEPHEN H.LEWIS,ROBERT G.MEYER ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS高等教育出版社2003.10:309-311
[17]B.L.Hart.Incremental output resistance of a Wilson-current mirror.Proceedings of IEEE.1978,66(5):597-598
[18]K.E.Kuijk."A Precision Reference Voltage Source,"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,Vol.SC-8,PE222-226,June 1973
[19]Tranmanesh A,Bastani B.BiCMOS emerges for gate arrays and memories [J]·IEEE Circuit and Devices.1992,8(3):14-17
[20]Masaharu Kubo,Ikuro Masuda,Kenji Miyata,etal.Perspective on BiCMOS VLSI's[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,1988,23(1):5-11
[21]G.C.M.Meijer,P.C.Schmale and K.van Zalinge."A New Curvature-Corrected Bandgap Reference,"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,Vol.SC-17,PP.1139-1143,December 1982
[22]A.Bakker,J.H.Huijsing.Micropower CMOS Temperature Sensor with Digital Output.IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1988,23(6):1405-1410
[23]B.S.Song and P.R.Gray."A Precision Curvature-Compensated CMOS Bandgap Reference," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,Vol.SC-18,PP.634-643
[24]JohnP.Uyemura.超大规模集成电路与系统导论.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:414-416
[25]Christopher Saint,Judy Saint.集成电路版图设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:49-79
[26]A.Gabriel,M.Rincon,E.Phillip.Optimized Frequency-Shaping Circuit Topologies for LDO's.IEEE TRANS.on circuits and systems,1998,45(6):703-708.
[27]F.W.sanse,op't Eynde,M.Steyaert.A CMOS temperature compensated current reference.IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1988,23(6):821-824
[28]DeMan H.System-on-Chip Design:Impact on Education and Research.IEEE Design&Test of Computers,1999,16(3):11.
[29]Zorian Y,Marinissen EJ,Dey S.Testing embedded-core based system chips[J].IEEE Computer,1999,32(6):52-60.
[30]Ungar L Y.Hierarchical Built-In Test.IEEE AUTOTESTCON,1995:456-463.
[31]毕查德·拉扎维.模拟CMOS集成电路设计.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2003:309-327,545-552
[32]章诗白等.模拟电子技术,北京:清华大学出版社,1995:24-40,81-131
[33]阎石,数字电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1997.12,99-103,308-338
[34]李洪明.数字集成电路讲座(11).电子世界,1999-2:P48-49.
[35]Hasting,A.The Art of Analog Layout.影印本,清华大学出版社,2004:104-112
[36]HYUN J S.Performance Comparison of Driver Configurations and Full Swing Techniques for BiCMOS Logic Circuits[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,1990,25(3):863-865
[37]司玉娟,冯凯等.一种有源有机发光显示屏(AM2OLED)驱动电路的设计.发光学报,2005.4:P257-261.
[38]万天才.8位移位寄存器数据输出控制驱动电路及其应用.微电子学,1999-10:P354-356.
[39]乐建连,章专.互补对偶结构的三值ECL锁存器设计.浙江大学学报(理学版),2005.3:P183-185.
[40]施佺,孙玲等.基于CMOS工艺的AES高速接口电路设计.电子器件,2004-9:P413-415.
[41]Hitoshi O,Takao A,Koichi T,etal.A sub 2.0v BiCMOS logic circuit with a BiCMOS charge pump[J].IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits,1996,31(1):84-89
[42]朱挺,吴训威.双边沿移位寄存器的设计原理及其应用.浙江大学学报(理学版),2004.1:P29-33.
[43]葛集彪.LED视频显示屏实时处理与驱动技术.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2003.3.
[44]李炳乾,布良基等.LED正向压降随温度的变化关系研究.光子学报,2003-11:P1349-1351.
[45]吴仲佑.交通导引显示屏解决方案—具有侦测功能的智能型LED驱动芯片.现代显示,2005.2:P23-24.
[46]王明顺,贺立红等.基于TPIC68273的LED驱动控制设计.国外电子元器件,2005-10:P14-16.
[47]赵柏树,肖运虹等.超高亮LED点阵信息显示系统的设计与实现.
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