可控震源地震数据处理速度分析及动校正算法研究
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摘要
目前,可控震源在城市勘查和浅层地震勘查中得到广泛应用,因此研究适合可控震源地震数据处理的软件及其方法具有重要意义。可控震源地震数据处理速度分析及和动校正算法的研究是开发开放式可控震源地震数据处理软件的基础。
本文从常规地震数据处理方法出发,针对可控震源地震数据处理的特殊性,对可控震源地震数据处理软件进行了总体设计,并对其中预处理模块和实质性处理模块中水平叠加处理的各部分算法进行研究,重点给出了水平叠加处理速度分析和动校正算法的设计与实现。为了在保证速度谱速度拾取效果的基础上提高其处理速度,在参数优化和数据均衡两方面对常规速度谱方法进行了改进,并利用改进的速度谱方法对仿真数据和实测可控震源地震数据进行处理,结果分析表明,优化速度谱方法可大大提高处理速度,将程序执行时间缩减为优化前的1/10左右;同时为了提高动校正算法的执行效率,利用“成组搬家”的思想提出了一种快速动校正算法,并利用该方法对仿真数据和实测数据进行处理,最终得到了水平叠加时间剖面,结果分析表明,快速动校正能有效缩短程序的执行时间。
At present, as a non-explosive source, vibrator has smaller destruction and other advantages than explosive source, so it is widely used in urban exploration and shallow exploration. But when the various researches of the vibrator system and the field experiment are making a good program,the vibrators also face with an unprecedented specificity, which mainly reflect in the structure of the source, the source excitation signal, detection methods of seismic signal and data processing methods. On the one hand, for data processing in which, the different structures of the source and scanning signals make the original seismic records received on the ground are also different. But the conventional data processing using common software are usually for the pulse signal, so when processing the long sweep signal of vibrators, staff need to do some special processing such as relevant, high-end spectrum, the wavelet transform and so on using other software firstly, and then convert the processing results to the file format that the common software support, which will inevitably increase the workload of the staff seriously when deal with a large amount of data. On the other hand, the algorithms of some special processing methods used are complex, which make the computation large and the speed of execution slow. Therefore, in order to adapt to the particularities of vibrator data processing, it is necessary to develop an open seismic data processing software which is suitable for vibrators to enhance the efficiency. Considering overall, the software should have the characteristics like the Windows development platform, high processing speed, secondary development, in view of which we need to study on the every algorithms of the software data processing firstly. Based on the common ssing software both at home and abroad, aiming at the specificities of vibrators seismic data processing software, this paper introduced the total design of the primary function, the softweismic data-procesare configuration, the data structure and GUI interface firstly. And then, because the data processing for vibrators can be divided into the preprocessing, the substantial processing and the subservience processing，in which the substantial processing is again divided into the horizontal stack processing and the migration processing. And in this paper, all algorithms of the preprocessing and the horizontal stack were researched, in which the design of algorithms for the velocity analysis and the dynamic correction were studied on focus.
About of the preprocessing module, in this paper, the algorithms design of which primarily include the import and export of the seismic data, the display of data, correlation, dynamic equalization and the sort of CDP trace, and the algorithms design of power spectrum and linear dimension frequency filtering were introduced also for the sake of filtering noise. In addition, this article also presented the processing results using these algorithms when applying to the simulation data and actual measured data, which prepared for the next algorithms design of velocity analysis and dynamic correction in horizontal stacking module.
And for velocity in this paper, several common velocity analysis methods were compared, and considering the small computation and high processing speed that the vibroseis required, the method of velocity spectrum was selected to be the preferred velocity analysis method of the software. However, for the shallow seismic exploration of vibrators, the reflected wave is seriously interfered by the surface wave and other interference wave. So the sharp of the peak is not enough which make the velocity to pick up difficult, and the processing speed is low. To solve this problem, this paper introduced an improved velocity spectrum that includes the parameters optimization and the data optimization involved in the velocity analysis. And the parameters are about the time windowΔt0, sampling density of velocityΔνand the stack window of amplitude, the selection method of which is to test the parameters in a range from wide to narrow, and then determine the reasonable parameters. And because the energy of the disturbed wave is stronger than the reflected wave in the shallow seismic exploration, so the data optimization is about the energy balance between the deep layer and the shallow layer. In order to test the correctness of the improved velocity spectrum, this paper introduced the simulation of the seismic data in two seismic models, and processed it with the improved velocity spectrum method, the results showed that error rate of the velocity spectrum analysis for the simulation data is about 0.1 percent and the processing speed can be reduced to 1/10. Further, the improved velocity spectrum method was applied to process the wild seismic data of vibrators which was measured at Qinjiatun in the city of Changchun, and the velocity results were also used in the dynamic correction. All the results showed that the improved velocity spectrum method can effectively analyzed the correction velocity, and compared with the conventional velocity spectrum, the improved velocity spectrum can speed up the processing speed based on the effect of the velocity spectrum, and can make the operation time reduce to 1/20 around.
Finally, based on the velocity analysis, the algorithms of dynamic correction and horizontal stacking have been introduced in this paper. Because the efficiency of the arithmetic for common dynamic correction is low, this is unsuitable for the vibroseis seismic data processing in PC environment. For this reason, a fast dynamic correction method called“group moving”was adopt instead of the common dynamic correction method using "point-by-point shifting". Fast dynamic correction divide all the sampling points into groups according to dynamic correction value, and the sampling points in one group have the same moving distance while in adjacent groups have a moving distance which differ a sample interval. Therefore, the dynamic correction using“group moving”instead of“point-by-point shifting”can improve the efficiency of operation. In order to test the correction of the algorithm，before using the dynamic correction and the horizontal stacking algorithms to process the wild data, this paper firstly introduced the processing of the simulation seismic data, and the results showed that the implementation time of procedures making use of the rapid dynamic correction can be reduced to 1/4 around. Based on the simulation, this paper referred to the dynamic correction and the horizontal stacking procession for the field vibrators seismic data measured at Qinjiatun in the city of Changchun using the velocity picked up from the velocity spectrum. And the results showed that the reflection lineups in shallow layer can be corrected even by the dynamic correction and the target reflector in shallow layer can also be clearly detected from the corresponding horizontal stacking time section, in addition, the horizontal stacking time section obtained by the algorithms in the paper had higher resolution than by other software, but there were still some problem of poor stack quality at the large offset and the deep zone need to be improved.
本文从常规地震数据处理方法出发,针对可控震源地震数据处理的特殊性,对可控震源地震数据处理软件进行了总体设计,并对其中预处理模块和实质性处理模块中水平叠加处理的各部分算法进行研究,重点给出了水平叠加处理速度分析和动校正算法的设计与实现。为了在保证速度谱速度拾取效果的基础上提高其处理速度,在参数优化和数据均衡两方面对常规速度谱方法进行了改进,并利用改进的速度谱方法对仿真数据和实测可控震源地震数据进行处理,结果分析表明,优化速度谱方法可大大提高处理速度,将程序执行时间缩减为优化前的1/10左右;同时为了提高动校正算法的执行效率,利用“成组搬家”的思想提出了一种快速动校正算法,并利用该方法对仿真数据和实测数据进行处理,最终得到了水平叠加时间剖面,结果分析表明,快速动校正能有效缩短程序的执行时间。
At present, as a non-explosive source, vibrator has smaller destruction and other advantages than explosive source, so it is widely used in urban exploration and shallow exploration. But when the various researches of the vibrator system and the field experiment are making a good program,the vibrators also face with an unprecedented specificity, which mainly reflect in the structure of the source, the source excitation signal, detection methods of seismic signal and data processing methods. On the one hand, for data processing in which, the different structures of the source and scanning signals make the original seismic records received on the ground are also different. But the conventional data processing using common software are usually for the pulse signal, so when processing the long sweep signal of vibrators, staff need to do some special processing such as relevant, high-end spectrum, the wavelet transform and so on using other software firstly, and then convert the processing results to the file format that the common software support, which will inevitably increase the workload of the staff seriously when deal with a large amount of data. On the other hand, the algorithms of some special processing methods used are complex, which make the computation large and the speed of execution slow. Therefore, in order to adapt to the particularities of vibrator data processing, it is necessary to develop an open seismic data processing software which is suitable for vibrators to enhance the efficiency. Considering overall, the software should have the characteristics like the Windows development platform, high processing speed, secondary development, in view of which we need to study on the every algorithms of the software data processing firstly. Based on the common ssing software both at home and abroad, aiming at the specificities of vibrators seismic data processing software, this paper introduced the total design of the primary function, the softweismic data-procesare configuration, the data structure and GUI interface firstly. And then, because the data processing for vibrators can be divided into the preprocessing, the substantial processing and the subservience processing，in which the substantial processing is again divided into the horizontal stack processing and the migration processing. And in this paper, all algorithms of the preprocessing and the horizontal stack were researched, in which the design of algorithms for the velocity analysis and the dynamic correction were studied on focus.
About of the preprocessing module, in this paper, the algorithms design of which primarily include the import and export of the seismic data, the display of data, correlation, dynamic equalization and the sort of CDP trace, and the algorithms design of power spectrum and linear dimension frequency filtering were introduced also for the sake of filtering noise. In addition, this article also presented the processing results using these algorithms when applying to the simulation data and actual measured data, which prepared for the next algorithms design of velocity analysis and dynamic correction in horizontal stacking module.
And for velocity in this paper, several common velocity analysis methods were compared, and considering the small computation and high processing speed that the vibroseis required, the method of velocity spectrum was selected to be the preferred velocity analysis method of the software. However, for the shallow seismic exploration of vibrators, the reflected wave is seriously interfered by the surface wave and other interference wave. So the sharp of the peak is not enough which make the velocity to pick up difficult, and the processing speed is low. To solve this problem, this paper introduced an improved velocity spectrum that includes the parameters optimization and the data optimization involved in the velocity analysis. And the parameters are about the time windowΔt0, sampling density of velocityΔνand the stack window of amplitude, the selection method of which is to test the parameters in a range from wide to narrow, and then determine the reasonable parameters. And because the energy of the disturbed wave is stronger than the reflected wave in the shallow seismic exploration, so the data optimization is about the energy balance between the deep layer and the shallow layer. In order to test the correctness of the improved velocity spectrum, this paper introduced the simulation of the seismic data in two seismic models, and processed it with the improved velocity spectrum method, the results showed that error rate of the velocity spectrum analysis for the simulation data is about 0.1 percent and the processing speed can be reduced to 1/10. Further, the improved velocity spectrum method was applied to process the wild seismic data of vibrators which was measured at Qinjiatun in the city of Changchun, and the velocity results were also used in the dynamic correction. All the results showed that the improved velocity spectrum method can effectively analyzed the correction velocity, and compared with the conventional velocity spectrum, the improved velocity spectrum can speed up the processing speed based on the effect of the velocity spectrum, and can make the operation time reduce to 1/20 around.
Finally, based on the velocity analysis, the algorithms of dynamic correction and horizontal stacking have been introduced in this paper. Because the efficiency of the arithmetic for common dynamic correction is low, this is unsuitable for the vibroseis seismic data processing in PC environment. For this reason, a fast dynamic correction method called“group moving”was adopt instead of the common dynamic correction method using "point-by-point shifting". Fast dynamic correction divide all the sampling points into groups according to dynamic correction value, and the sampling points in one group have the same moving distance while in adjacent groups have a moving distance which differ a sample interval. Therefore, the dynamic correction using“group moving”instead of“point-by-point shifting”can improve the efficiency of operation. In order to test the correction of the algorithm，before using the dynamic correction and the horizontal stacking algorithms to process the wild data, this paper firstly introduced the processing of the simulation seismic data, and the results showed that the implementation time of procedures making use of the rapid dynamic correction can be reduced to 1/4 around. Based on the simulation, this paper referred to the dynamic correction and the horizontal stacking procession for the field vibrators seismic data measured at Qinjiatun in the city of Changchun using the velocity picked up from the velocity spectrum. And the results showed that the reflection lineups in shallow layer can be corrected even by the dynamic correction and the target reflector in shallow layer can also be clearly detected from the corresponding horizontal stacking time section, in addition, the horizontal stacking time section obtained by the algorithms in the paper had higher resolution than by other software, but there were still some problem of poor stack quality at the large offset and the deep zone need to be improved.
引文
[1] 林君，于生宝.电磁驱动可控震源激振器.中国实用新型专利，ZL99208723.6,2000
[2] 林君，陈祖斌.电磁式大功率浅层地震可控震源系统.中国发明专利，01128147.2,2001
[3] 林君，陈祖斌，姜弢.相控阵地震勘探方法.中国发明专利，200410010712.8,2004
[4] 林君，陈祖斌，陈鹏程. 相控可控震源系统.中国发明专利，200410010711.3,2004
[5] 王忠仁，柴志媛.伪随机编码震源信号的地震相应.地球物理学进展,2007.22(6):1736~1739
[6] 姜弢，林君，陈祖斌. 可控震源相控地震的相关检测技术. 仪器仪表学报,2005.26(4):336~339
[7] 蒋忠进，林君，陈祖斌.三阶累积量在可控震源地震时间剖面中压制旁瓣的应用.地学前缘,2003,10(1):151~154
[8] 蒋忠进，林君.双谱在可控震源地震信号预处理中对时延估计的应用.探测与控制学报, 2003,25(2):58~61
[9] 蒋忠进，林君.2003.三阶累计量在可控震源地震勘探信号处理中的应用.系统工程与电子技术, 2003, 25(11):1431~1434
[10] 蒋忠进，邱小军，林君，陈祖斌.小波变换回波提取在可控震源地震信号处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):687~691
[11] 杨红霞，赵改善.21世纪的地震数据处理系统. 石油物探,2001,13(4):125~140
[12] 王长国，俞华，周兴松.地震处理系统的现状及其发展.石油机械,2003,(31):115~118
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[16] Taner M T and Koehler F. Velocity spectra-digital computer derivation and application ofvelocity functions. Geophsics , 1969.34(5) :859~881
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[21] Sun C,Martinez R. Amplitude preserving 3D pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration for V(z) and VTI media[J]. Expanded Abstracts of the 72th Annual Internat SEG Meeting,2002 :1224~1227
[22]Taner M, Al-Chalabi M. A new travel time estimation method for horizontal strata[J]. Expanded Abstracts of the 75th Annual Internat SEG Meeting , 2005,2273~2276
[23] 孙祥娥，钟本善，周熙蘘. 基于主分量分析PCA的高分辨率叠加速度分析. 石油天然气学报. 2006.28(4):85~88
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[27] Rupert G B, Chun J H. The block move sum normal move-out correction[J]. Geophysics, 1975, 40: 17~24.
[28] Shatilo A, Aminzadeh F. Constant normal-moveout(CNMO)correction: A technique and test results [J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 2000, 48: 473~488.
[29] 孙建国. 2003年SEG年会地震勘探新技术介绍. 勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):139~153
[30] Causse E，Haugen G U，Rornmel B E. Large-offset approximation to seismic reflection traveltime[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48(4):763~778
[31] 董凤树，陈浩林，刘原英.基于褶积模型的动校正及其实现方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):387~391
[32] 崔宝文，王维红.频谱代换无拉伸动校正方法研究.地球物理学进展.2007,22(3):910~965
[33] 沈平平，刘明新.石油勘探开发中的数学问题.科学出版社.2002:6~41
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[2] 林君，陈祖斌.电磁式大功率浅层地震可控震源系统.中国发明专利，01128147.2,2001
[3] 林君，陈祖斌，姜弢.相控阵地震勘探方法.中国发明专利，200410010712.8,2004
[4] 林君，陈祖斌，陈鹏程. 相控可控震源系统.中国发明专利，200410010711.3,2004
[5] 王忠仁，柴志媛.伪随机编码震源信号的地震相应.地球物理学进展,2007.22(6):1736~1739
[6] 姜弢，林君，陈祖斌. 可控震源相控地震的相关检测技术. 仪器仪表学报,2005.26(4):336~339
[7] 蒋忠进，林君，陈祖斌.三阶累积量在可控震源地震时间剖面中压制旁瓣的应用.地学前缘,2003,10(1):151~154
[8] 蒋忠进，林君.双谱在可控震源地震信号预处理中对时延估计的应用.探测与控制学报, 2003,25(2):58~61
[9] 蒋忠进，林君.2003.三阶累计量在可控震源地震勘探信号处理中的应用.系统工程与电子技术, 2003, 25(11):1431~1434
[10] 蒋忠进，邱小军，林君，陈祖斌.小波变换回波提取在可控震源地震信号处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):687~691
[11] 杨红霞，赵改善.21世纪的地震数据处理系统. 石油物探,2001,13(4):125~140
[12] 王长国，俞华，周兴松.地震处理系统的现状及其发展.石油机械,2003,(31):115~118
[13] Dix CX.Seismic velocities from surface measurement. Geophysics,1955,20(1):68~88
[14] Garotta R, Michon D. Continuous analysis of the velocity function and of the normal-moveout corrections [J]. Geophysics Prospecting ,1967,15(4):584~597
[15] Cook E E, Taner M T .Velocity spectra and their use in stratigraphic and lithologic differentiation[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1969,17(4):433~448
[16] Taner M T and Koehler F. Velocity spectra-digital computer derivation and application ofvelocity functions. Geophsics , 1969.34(5) :859~881
[17] Key S C and Smithson S B. New approach to seismicreflection event detection and velocity determination. Geophysics,1990,55(10):1057~1069
[18] Tiem ,HJ,张伯君. 非扫描叠加速度分析法. 石油物探译丛,1994.2 :1~14
[19] Al-Chalabi M. Series approximation in velocity and traveltime computation[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1973,21(4):783~795
[20] Causse E, Haugen G , Rommel B. Large offset approximation to seismic reflection traveltime[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 2000.48(4):763~778
[21] Sun C,Martinez R. Amplitude preserving 3D pre-stack Kirchhoff time migration for V(z) and VTI media[J]. Expanded Abstracts of the 72th Annual Internat SEG Meeting,2002 :1224~1227
[22]Taner M, Al-Chalabi M. A new travel time estimation method for horizontal strata[J]. Expanded Abstracts of the 75th Annual Internat SEG Meeting , 2005,2273~2276
[23] 孙祥娥，钟本善，周熙蘘. 基于主分量分析PCA的高分辨率叠加速度分析. 石油天然气学报. 2006.28(4):85~88
[24] 高建荣，李明，吴亚东. 基于非线性滤波的叠加速度分析方法和应用. 勘探地球物理进展, 2006.29(4):249~252
[25] Buchholtz H. A note on signal distortion due to dynamic(NMO) corrections. Geophysical Prospecting,1972,20(2):395~402
[26] Dunkin ＪＷ and Levin F K. Effect of normal moveout on a seismic pulse. Geophysic, 1973,38,635~642
[27] Rupert G B, Chun J H. The block move sum normal move-out correction[J]. Geophysics, 1975, 40: 17~24.
[28] Shatilo A, Aminzadeh F. Constant normal-moveout(CNMO)correction: A technique and test results [J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 2000, 48: 473~488.
[29] 孙建国. 2003年SEG年会地震勘探新技术介绍. 勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):139~153
[30] Causse E，Haugen G U，Rornmel B E. Large-offset approximation to seismic reflection traveltime[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48(4):763~778
[31] 董凤树，陈浩林，刘原英.基于褶积模型的动校正及其实现方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):387~391
[32] 崔宝文，王维红.频谱代换无拉伸动校正方法研究.地球物理学进展.2007,22(3):910~965
[33] 沈平平，刘明新.石油勘探开发中的数学问题.科学出版社.2002:6~41
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