基于耗散结构理论的生态产业链网结构运行机制研究
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摘要
随着世界各国的工业越来越高速地发展，所带来的生态环境问题受到越来越多关注。在这样的大背景下，生态工业园区被认为是实现循环经济和保护环境的有效途径，其理论体系中一个核心部分就是生态产业链网结构。相对来说，我国在这个领域的研究基础还比较薄弱，实践上也处于积极探索阶段。因此，进行生态产业链网结构运作机制的理论和实践的研究，对促进生态产业链网结构理论在我国的发展完善与实践具有非常重要的现实意义。
本论文融合众多学者的研究成果，在剖析生态产业链网结构的耗散结构特征的基础上，针对生态产业链网结构在构建和发展延伸过程中补链企业的选择和评价问题、节点企业之间由于协同产生的收益分配问题、生态产业链网结构有序的影响因素和有序测算问题进行数学建模、理论分析及实证验证，力求探索生态产业链网结构运作的影响机制和规律。本文主要创新点如下：
1.生态产业链网结构中补链企业的选择和评价分析
首先从生态产业链网延伸和发展的角度提出了补链企业的概念，对卡伦堡和贵港（制糖）国内外两个成功的生态工业园进行了探讨，从实践的角度分析了生态产业链网结构的发展过程引入补链企业情况，以及补链企业对于生态产业链网结构的稳定发展具有重要意义。在此基础上，提出生态产业多样性是引入补链企业的主要依据，同时对生态产业链网的补链企业选取原则进行了定性分析。在研究国内外相关成果的基础上，建立了补链企业的评价指标体系，提出了将主观和客观赋权方法相结合的权重确定方法。由于可拓学中的优度评价法具有描述非满足不可的条件、用关联函数的正负值反映一个对象的利弊程度等优点，将其引入到生态产业链网结构的评价研究领域中，构建了选取补链企业的评价方法。
2.生态产业链网结构协同收益分配模型构建
从生态产业链网结构的节点企业的立体网络形式探讨了生态产业链网结构内部协同关系，得出节点企业之间的生态协同生产会提高整个链网结构的效率。这些副产品交换等的协同关系使链网结构的整体能力超过各个节点企业的综合，即创造出新增收益。创造性地从协同的角度将协同收益概念引入到生态产业链网结构的研究领域，并探讨了协同收益的主要来源。通过节点企业的进化博弈定量分析了协同收益分配是否公平合理决定了链网演化的稳定和方向。针对现有利益分配方法的局限，建立了包括生态技术水平、生态贡献、投入水平和承担的风险四个主要影响因素的协同收益分配因子，并以蒙西工业园区中的二氧化碳生态产业链为例，探讨了该分配因子的实际应用。
3.生态产业链网结构有序的影响因素控制及其测算
本文将有序的概念引入到生态产业链网结构的研究领域，分析了影响生态产业链网结构有序运行的影响因素。采用投入产出方法从定量的角度探讨了生态产业链网结构在受到市场需求波动的影响下，能够调整内部的生产适应环境的变化。生态产业链网结构受到内在和外在因素影响时会表现出两个趋势：有序运动和无序运动。针对这种情况，提出了生态产业链网结构有序的测算方法，从结构和功能两个方面构建了结构熵和功能熵，定量测算生态产业链网结构的有序程度，并进行了实证研究。
Problems of ecological environment are paid by more and more attention. The eco-industrial parks are considered to be an effective way to protect the environment. A core part of this theoretical system is the eco-industrial chain network structure. Contrastingly, foundation of chinese research in this area is still relatively weak. Therefore, it has very important significance, for the development of this field in China, that the theory and practice of the operating mechanism of eco-industrial chain network is researched.
This paper had integrated many scholars'research. On the basis of analysis of the dissipative structure'characteristic of eco-industrial chain network structure, three issues had researched by mathematical modeling, theoretical analysis and empirical validation.The first one is to select and evaluate chain enterprises in the process of its building and extension. The second one is to allocate synergistic profit among the node enterprises. The last one is to control influence factors and to measure its order. It is hoped to explore the mechanisms and rules of the operation of the eco-industrial chain network structure. Main innovation of this paper is as follows:
1. selection and evaluation of chain enterprises in the eco-industrial chain network structure
First, the concept of chain enterprises had put forward.it had had significance to introduce chain enterprises by analysis of both Kalundborg and Guigang eco-industrial parks. On this basis, it had proposed that eco-industries'diversity is the theoretical basis for introducing chain enterprises. Then the selection principle of chain enterprises had been discussed by qualitative analysis. Based on the study of domestic and foreign achievements, chain enterprises'evaluation index system had established, and the method to combine subjective weight with objective one had put forward. Because the priority degree evaluation method of extenics has many advantages, which can quantificationally describe the degree of things with a certain nature by using relating funtion'value and etc, evaluation method of selection of chain enterprises had established according as priority degree evaluation method.
2. model of synergistic profit allocation of eco-industrial chain network structure
Synergy of the eco-industrial chain network structure had discussed in the form of three-dimensional network. This synergy has maken the overall capabilities of eco-industrial chain network structure exceed the integration of node enterprises. Namely, it creates new profit. The concept of synergistic profit had firstly put forward, and its major sources had analysed. Through quantitative analysis of the evolutional game of node enterprises, the rationality of synergistic profit allocation is to decide the direction of evolvement of the eco-industrial chain network structure. Allowing for the limitations of existing profit allocation method, synergistic profit allocation factor had set up including eco-technology, eco-contribution, investment and borne risk. Takeing the carbon dioxide of Mengxi industrial park as an example, this allocation factor had practically applicated.
3. controlling influence factors and measuring order of eco-industrial Chain network structure
This paper had introduceed the concept of order to eco-industrial chain network structure, and analysed factors influencing its order operation. Then by using input-output method, it had been analysed that eco-industrial chain network structure can adjust its production to adapt itself to circumstance's change when it had been influenced by market demand's change. Eco-industrial chain network structure influenced internal and external factors will show two trends of its evolution:order movement and disorder one. So measurement of its orderly degree had proposed, and Affiliation entropy and function entropy had been constructed which can quantificationally measure the degree of its order.
本论文融合众多学者的研究成果，在剖析生态产业链网结构的耗散结构特征的基础上，针对生态产业链网结构在构建和发展延伸过程中补链企业的选择和评价问题、节点企业之间由于协同产生的收益分配问题、生态产业链网结构有序的影响因素和有序测算问题进行数学建模、理论分析及实证验证，力求探索生态产业链网结构运作的影响机制和规律。本文主要创新点如下：
1.生态产业链网结构中补链企业的选择和评价分析
首先从生态产业链网延伸和发展的角度提出了补链企业的概念，对卡伦堡和贵港（制糖）国内外两个成功的生态工业园进行了探讨，从实践的角度分析了生态产业链网结构的发展过程引入补链企业情况，以及补链企业对于生态产业链网结构的稳定发展具有重要意义。在此基础上，提出生态产业多样性是引入补链企业的主要依据，同时对生态产业链网的补链企业选取原则进行了定性分析。在研究国内外相关成果的基础上，建立了补链企业的评价指标体系，提出了将主观和客观赋权方法相结合的权重确定方法。由于可拓学中的优度评价法具有描述非满足不可的条件、用关联函数的正负值反映一个对象的利弊程度等优点，将其引入到生态产业链网结构的评价研究领域中，构建了选取补链企业的评价方法。
2.生态产业链网结构协同收益分配模型构建
从生态产业链网结构的节点企业的立体网络形式探讨了生态产业链网结构内部协同关系，得出节点企业之间的生态协同生产会提高整个链网结构的效率。这些副产品交换等的协同关系使链网结构的整体能力超过各个节点企业的综合，即创造出新增收益。创造性地从协同的角度将协同收益概念引入到生态产业链网结构的研究领域，并探讨了协同收益的主要来源。通过节点企业的进化博弈定量分析了协同收益分配是否公平合理决定了链网演化的稳定和方向。针对现有利益分配方法的局限，建立了包括生态技术水平、生态贡献、投入水平和承担的风险四个主要影响因素的协同收益分配因子，并以蒙西工业园区中的二氧化碳生态产业链为例，探讨了该分配因子的实际应用。
3.生态产业链网结构有序的影响因素控制及其测算
本文将有序的概念引入到生态产业链网结构的研究领域，分析了影响生态产业链网结构有序运行的影响因素。采用投入产出方法从定量的角度探讨了生态产业链网结构在受到市场需求波动的影响下，能够调整内部的生产适应环境的变化。生态产业链网结构受到内在和外在因素影响时会表现出两个趋势：有序运动和无序运动。针对这种情况，提出了生态产业链网结构有序的测算方法，从结构和功能两个方面构建了结构熵和功能熵，定量测算生态产业链网结构的有序程度，并进行了实证研究。
Problems of ecological environment are paid by more and more attention. The eco-industrial parks are considered to be an effective way to protect the environment. A core part of this theoretical system is the eco-industrial chain network structure. Contrastingly, foundation of chinese research in this area is still relatively weak. Therefore, it has very important significance, for the development of this field in China, that the theory and practice of the operating mechanism of eco-industrial chain network is researched.
This paper had integrated many scholars'research. On the basis of analysis of the dissipative structure'characteristic of eco-industrial chain network structure, three issues had researched by mathematical modeling, theoretical analysis and empirical validation.The first one is to select and evaluate chain enterprises in the process of its building and extension. The second one is to allocate synergistic profit among the node enterprises. The last one is to control influence factors and to measure its order. It is hoped to explore the mechanisms and rules of the operation of the eco-industrial chain network structure. Main innovation of this paper is as follows:
1. selection and evaluation of chain enterprises in the eco-industrial chain network structure
First, the concept of chain enterprises had put forward.it had had significance to introduce chain enterprises by analysis of both Kalundborg and Guigang eco-industrial parks. On this basis, it had proposed that eco-industries'diversity is the theoretical basis for introducing chain enterprises. Then the selection principle of chain enterprises had been discussed by qualitative analysis. Based on the study of domestic and foreign achievements, chain enterprises'evaluation index system had established, and the method to combine subjective weight with objective one had put forward. Because the priority degree evaluation method of extenics has many advantages, which can quantificationally describe the degree of things with a certain nature by using relating funtion'value and etc, evaluation method of selection of chain enterprises had established according as priority degree evaluation method.
2. model of synergistic profit allocation of eco-industrial chain network structure
Synergy of the eco-industrial chain network structure had discussed in the form of three-dimensional network. This synergy has maken the overall capabilities of eco-industrial chain network structure exceed the integration of node enterprises. Namely, it creates new profit. The concept of synergistic profit had firstly put forward, and its major sources had analysed. Through quantitative analysis of the evolutional game of node enterprises, the rationality of synergistic profit allocation is to decide the direction of evolvement of the eco-industrial chain network structure. Allowing for the limitations of existing profit allocation method, synergistic profit allocation factor had set up including eco-technology, eco-contribution, investment and borne risk. Takeing the carbon dioxide of Mengxi industrial park as an example, this allocation factor had practically applicated.
3. controlling influence factors and measuring order of eco-industrial Chain network structure
This paper had introduceed the concept of order to eco-industrial chain network structure, and analysed factors influencing its order operation. Then by using input-output method, it had been analysed that eco-industrial chain network structure can adjust its production to adapt itself to circumstance's change when it had been influenced by market demand's change. Eco-industrial chain network structure influenced internal and external factors will show two trends of its evolution:order movement and disorder one. So measurement of its orderly degree had proposed, and Affiliation entropy and function entropy had been constructed which can quantificationally measure the degree of its order.
引文
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