新闻话语对话性的文本分析与阐释
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摘要
对话性是人类活动属性的一部分,也是话语所表现出来的本质特性。对话作为一种理论,其涵盖内容极其广泛,研究方向和角度也呈多面体和多样化,涉及哲学、文学、语言学、社会学、传播学和教育学等领域。巴赫金的对话理论是揭示语言艺术规律与审美的一种方法论。本文以巴赫金的对话理论为框架,结合传播、叙事和批评理论,从主体、声音和互文三个视角和分析层面,着重探讨新闻话语对话性的社会功能及其表现特征。通过文本分析,深入揭示和阐释新闻话语实践中体现这些对话性功能的意义生成运作机制和话语策略。
研究表明：新闻叙事话语的建构再现了隐含作者与隐含读者对话关系的潜在规范以及叙事主体的不同表现形式；新闻消息来源的声音归属呈现出不同语类体裁制约的显著差异和叠加对话声音的行为意向策略；社论话语的修辞疑问结构具有双声话语的暗辩对话意义潜势；新闻话语的运作充斥各种互文多声对话的意义磋商和意识形态社会功能的介入,显性或隐性地交织着断言、质疑、回应、解释、驳斥等意义生成和转换的态度与立场,展现了话语与权力的社会实践关系以及文本和结构的对话特征。
研究结论：人类对世界的认识活动本质上是对话性的过程,体现自我与他者的对话关系；对话是话语产生和存在的条件,具有沟通与协调的话语社会实践功能；新闻话语的文本生产是对先前他人话语的回应和引起未来话语的反应,其文本意义的阐释则是读者与作者以及人物的对话回应。这种对话性不仅存在于文本的涵义层面,即声音、意识和情态的多元交锋,也渗透在文本的结构之中,即它的表达层面,如对话关系主体的身份建构、内在对话双声构式,他人话语的融合方式,指称意向策略以及文本之间的互动转化等。
论文认为,在全球化和多元化的社会,对话不是追求结果,不是将意见强加于他者,而是强调交换意见、沟通思想和接受差异的主体间性动态过程。和平与发展是当今世界的主旋律,由对抗走向对话,共建和谐话语,是新闻与传播的本质回归。
Dialogicality is a part of the attributes of human activity, which also pertains to an essential nature of discourse. Dialogue, as a theory, is manifold, covering such a wide range of fields as philosophy, literature, linguistics, sociology, communication and education. Bakhtinian dialogic theory is an approach to regularities of linguistic arts and aesthetics. Within a framework of Bakhtinian dialogic theory combined with communicative, narrative and critical ones, this study explores the social functions of dialogicality and their expressive features in news discourse from the analytic aspects of subjectivity, voice and intertextuality. Through textual analysis, it further reveals and interprets the sense-making devices and discourse strategies that realize those dialogic functions in news discursive practice.
Research findings suggest that narrative news discursive construction represents a potential norm of dialogic relationship between implied author and implied reader, and various expressions of narrative subject. News source attribution manifests intentional strategies in different news genres. Rhetorical questions in editorials serve as hidden polemic double-voiced discourse. Dialogic engagement of intertextual heteroglossia, explicitly and implicitly mingling assertion, challenge, response, explanation or reply, illustrates a relation between discourse and power as well as a stance-taking of ideological transformation in news reporting.
It is concluded that human activity to know the world is in nature a dialogic process between self and other, which functions as an exchange and negotiation in discursive social practice. The production of news discourse means a response to previous and future utterances, and its interpretation involves a dialogue among reader, author and character in text. Such a dialogicality consists in integrating voice, consciousness and modality in the implicature level, and also in the structure level, such as identity construction in dialogic relation, inner dialogue of double-voiced construction, and ways of absorbing other's speech and another text.
The dissertation argues that in the globalized and pluralistic society, what needs is a dynamic and intersubjective dialogue, exchanging ideas and acknowledging differences, rather than imposing views on others in journalism and communication.
研究表明：新闻叙事话语的建构再现了隐含作者与隐含读者对话关系的潜在规范以及叙事主体的不同表现形式；新闻消息来源的声音归属呈现出不同语类体裁制约的显著差异和叠加对话声音的行为意向策略；社论话语的修辞疑问结构具有双声话语的暗辩对话意义潜势；新闻话语的运作充斥各种互文多声对话的意义磋商和意识形态社会功能的介入,显性或隐性地交织着断言、质疑、回应、解释、驳斥等意义生成和转换的态度与立场,展现了话语与权力的社会实践关系以及文本和结构的对话特征。
研究结论：人类对世界的认识活动本质上是对话性的过程,体现自我与他者的对话关系；对话是话语产生和存在的条件,具有沟通与协调的话语社会实践功能；新闻话语的文本生产是对先前他人话语的回应和引起未来话语的反应,其文本意义的阐释则是读者与作者以及人物的对话回应。这种对话性不仅存在于文本的涵义层面,即声音、意识和情态的多元交锋,也渗透在文本的结构之中,即它的表达层面,如对话关系主体的身份建构、内在对话双声构式,他人话语的融合方式,指称意向策略以及文本之间的互动转化等。
论文认为,在全球化和多元化的社会,对话不是追求结果,不是将意见强加于他者,而是强调交换意见、沟通思想和接受差异的主体间性动态过程。和平与发展是当今世界的主旋律,由对抗走向对话,共建和谐话语,是新闻与传播的本质回归。
Dialogicality is a part of the attributes of human activity, which also pertains to an essential nature of discourse. Dialogue, as a theory, is manifold, covering such a wide range of fields as philosophy, literature, linguistics, sociology, communication and education. Bakhtinian dialogic theory is an approach to regularities of linguistic arts and aesthetics. Within a framework of Bakhtinian dialogic theory combined with communicative, narrative and critical ones, this study explores the social functions of dialogicality and their expressive features in news discourse from the analytic aspects of subjectivity, voice and intertextuality. Through textual analysis, it further reveals and interprets the sense-making devices and discourse strategies that realize those dialogic functions in news discursive practice.
Research findings suggest that narrative news discursive construction represents a potential norm of dialogic relationship between implied author and implied reader, and various expressions of narrative subject. News source attribution manifests intentional strategies in different news genres. Rhetorical questions in editorials serve as hidden polemic double-voiced discourse. Dialogic engagement of intertextual heteroglossia, explicitly and implicitly mingling assertion, challenge, response, explanation or reply, illustrates a relation between discourse and power as well as a stance-taking of ideological transformation in news reporting.
It is concluded that human activity to know the world is in nature a dialogic process between self and other, which functions as an exchange and negotiation in discursive social practice. The production of news discourse means a response to previous and future utterances, and its interpretation involves a dialogue among reader, author and character in text. Such a dialogicality consists in integrating voice, consciousness and modality in the implicature level, and also in the structure level, such as identity construction in dialogic relation, inner dialogue of double-voiced construction, and ways of absorbing other's speech and another text.
The dissertation argues that in the globalized and pluralistic society, what needs is a dynamic and intersubjective dialogue, exchanging ideas and acknowledging differences, rather than imposing views on others in journalism and communication.
引文
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