转子不对中故障识别技术研究
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摘要
大型回转机械设备在国民经济各个重要行业中,作为动力设备都起到了至关重要的作用。驱动部件和被驱动部件都是通过各种形式联轴器联接来传递扭矩。所以在运行过程中,起联接作用的联轴器出现故障是经常性的事情,其中最常见的故障当属不对中故障。在各种联轴器中,齿式联轴器的应用最为广泛,因为它不但制造简单、具有补偿能力,而且能够传递较大的扭矩。
文中研究了齿式联轴器在发生不对中故障时的几何特征,建立了转子-联轴器-轴承系统的数学模型,在以往诊断校正不对中故障理论的基础上,提出一种定量分析联轴器处不对中量的方法。
首先对齿式联轴器发生不对中故障的机理和受力特性进行了分析,得到了联轴器外壳施加到两半联轴器上的激振力的数学表达式；通过研究联轴器内部轮齿啮合状态,得到了由于各个轮齿传递扭矩不同施加到转子系统径向力的数学表达式,并且得到了不对中量与联轴器所受到径向力的关系。
通过分析齿式联轴器在转子系统运行状态下的动态特性,建立了联轴器所受到的不对中激振力的数学模型,轴承施加到转子系统的油膜力数学模型,求解得到轴系的质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵,从而推导建立了转子-联轴器-轴承系统的运动微分方程。
运用求解微分方程Newmark-β法对转子系统的运动微分方程进行求解,得出转子各个结点的位移,速度和加速度。不但研究了转速对联轴器的运动特性的影响,而且研究了不对中联轴器的存在对于整个转子系统振动特性的影响。
传统的不对中故障诊断方法一般都是通过振动二倍频来定性判断不对中故障,本文在此基础上提出了一种定量分析不对中故障的诊断方法,并通过仿真转子系统关键位置的振动特性进行了验证。
Large-scale rotating machinery is important power equipment in an important pillar industry of national economy. Drive components and be drived components are connected by various types of coupling to the transfer torque. Therefore, during operation, the failure of the coupling often fail, one of the most common fault was undoubtedly the misalignment fault. In a variety of couplings, gear coupling is the most widely used, because it not only simple to manufacture and has the ability to compensate and transmit large torque.
This paper analysis the features of the mechanism of the gear coupling misalignment fault, established a mathematical model of the rotor-coupling-bearing system and proposed a new method for a quantitative analysis of the misalignment fault.
At first, misalignment fault mechanism and characteristics of gear coupling were analyzed, Mathematical expressions of exciting force which coupling shell applied to the coupling halves is got; Mathematical expressions of radial force which teeth applied to the rotor system by studying teeth meshing, also get the relationship between misalignment volume and radial force.
Established mathematical model of misalignment force and oil film force which bearing applied to the rotor system, thus established differential equations of motion of the rotor system.
Rotor displacement, velocity and acceleration of every node are solved by Newmark-β. With the speed of change, the effect of the motion characteristics of the coupling is studied. The entire rotor system vibration characteristics are also studied because of the presence of misaligned coupling.
The methods of traditional misalignment diagnosis is qualitative analysis.This paper propose the quantitative analysis. Simulation the vibration characteristics of the key positions of the rotor system verify its correctness.
文中研究了齿式联轴器在发生不对中故障时的几何特征,建立了转子-联轴器-轴承系统的数学模型,在以往诊断校正不对中故障理论的基础上,提出一种定量分析联轴器处不对中量的方法。
首先对齿式联轴器发生不对中故障的机理和受力特性进行了分析,得到了联轴器外壳施加到两半联轴器上的激振力的数学表达式；通过研究联轴器内部轮齿啮合状态,得到了由于各个轮齿传递扭矩不同施加到转子系统径向力的数学表达式,并且得到了不对中量与联轴器所受到径向力的关系。
通过分析齿式联轴器在转子系统运行状态下的动态特性,建立了联轴器所受到的不对中激振力的数学模型,轴承施加到转子系统的油膜力数学模型,求解得到轴系的质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵,从而推导建立了转子-联轴器-轴承系统的运动微分方程。
运用求解微分方程Newmark-β法对转子系统的运动微分方程进行求解,得出转子各个结点的位移,速度和加速度。不但研究了转速对联轴器的运动特性的影响,而且研究了不对中联轴器的存在对于整个转子系统振动特性的影响。
传统的不对中故障诊断方法一般都是通过振动二倍频来定性判断不对中故障,本文在此基础上提出了一种定量分析不对中故障的诊断方法,并通过仿真转子系统关键位置的振动特性进行了验证。
Large-scale rotating machinery is important power equipment in an important pillar industry of national economy. Drive components and be drived components are connected by various types of coupling to the transfer torque. Therefore, during operation, the failure of the coupling often fail, one of the most common fault was undoubtedly the misalignment fault. In a variety of couplings, gear coupling is the most widely used, because it not only simple to manufacture and has the ability to compensate and transmit large torque.
This paper analysis the features of the mechanism of the gear coupling misalignment fault, established a mathematical model of the rotor-coupling-bearing system and proposed a new method for a quantitative analysis of the misalignment fault.
At first, misalignment fault mechanism and characteristics of gear coupling were analyzed, Mathematical expressions of exciting force which coupling shell applied to the coupling halves is got; Mathematical expressions of radial force which teeth applied to the rotor system by studying teeth meshing, also get the relationship between misalignment volume and radial force.
Established mathematical model of misalignment force and oil film force which bearing applied to the rotor system, thus established differential equations of motion of the rotor system.
Rotor displacement, velocity and acceleration of every node are solved by Newmark-β. With the speed of change, the effect of the motion characteristics of the coupling is studied. The entire rotor system vibration characteristics are also studied because of the presence of misaligned coupling.
The methods of traditional misalignment diagnosis is qualitative analysis.This paper propose the quantitative analysis. Simulation the vibration characteristics of the key positions of the rotor system verify its correctness.
引文
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