用户名: 密码: 验证码:
人类自我认知与行为对生态环境的影响研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文围绕自我与生态的关系,对人类自我认知与行为在生态环境中的影响进行深入的理论探讨与调查研究,为目前人类面临的生态困境寻找新的思考点,为建设环境友好型社会从人的行为管理层面提出建议。本文采用理论研究与实证研究相结合的方法,以理论研究为主线,实证研究作为部分理论假设的探索性研究。本文吸收了人文社会科学与自然科学的研究方法,从生态学、经济学、管理学、心理学、社会学、哲学等不同领域进行多学科交叉研究。
     论文的主要研究结论:①生态危机是生态系统的失衡状态。现代工业社会,人的行为是造成生态平衡失调的主要原因。②人在生态系统中具有双重角色,依附于自然资源的消费者角色与控制生态系统的操纵者角色。操纵者角色的行为与人作为消费者角色产生了角色冲突,由此产生的行为问题与生态危机存在着内在的联系。③人与自然的关系体现在人类对自我的认识层面。人类对自我的认识,经历了自我——社会自我——生态自我的不同阶段。人类对自我认识的不同阶段,形成对自然的不同态度以及自我行为对生态环境的不同影响。表现为自我与自然的对立,社会自我对环境的破坏,生态自我对环境的保护。④社会自我把物质财富、身份、地位等作为符号系统成为自我的延伸部分,社会自我的行为造成巨大的生态压力,过度消费行为伴随着巨大的环境代价。⑤生态自我超越了现代西方哲学主客二分的观点,超越了人与自然的对立关系,是人与自然融为一体、合二为一的自我状态。生态自我体现了主体客体化与客体主体化的主客一体性思想。生态自我将自我的意义从个体扩展到生态,是自我向自然的延伸。生态认同、生态体验、生态实践是生态自我的三重结构。⑥环境友好行为是生态自我主动、自觉的生态实践活动,自我与自然最大重叠的人会表现出更多的对环境负责的行为。生态自我对环境友好行为有很好的预测作用,建立生态自我,倡导环境友好行为是从人的行为层面解决生态危机问题的途径。
Based on the relationship between self and ecology, this study makes an in-depth theoretical research and investigation on how human self-recognition and behaviors influence ecological environment, in search of a new way for the ecological crisis and making suggestions for environment-friendly society from the perspective of human behavior management. The methodology combines theoretical study and empirical study, with theoretical study as the main method and empirical study as the exploratory research method. The study reviews some research findings in both humanity and social science and natural science and proceeds from the fields of ecology, psychology, sociology, philosophy and economics.
     The key ideas in this dissertation can be concluded as six points. First, ecological crisis is the result of ecological imbalance, which is caused mainly by human behavior in modern industrial society. Second, human beings play a double role in ecological system, the consumer dependent on natural resources and the controller of the ecological system. The conflicts between the two roles and the involved problems have an internal relationship with ecological crisis. Third, the relationship between man and nature can be sensed from the self-recognition of mankind. The self-recognition development goes through three stages—ego, social self and ecological self, through which different attitudes towards nature, and different influences of self behavior to environment are formed. At ego stage, ego confronts with nature; at social self stage, self destructs nature; at ecological self stage, self protects nature. Fourth, social self takes worldly possessions like belongings, status and positions etc. as the sign of self development. The pursuit of such possessions drives social self into blindness and overconsumption that cause great ecological stress and environmental destruction. Fifth, ecological self goes beyond the view of subject-object dichotomy in modern western philosophy and the oppositional relations between man and nature. It is a combination of the two, presenting the unification of subjectification of object and objectification of subject. It is an extension of self into ecology, an identification of nature and a move toward nature, with a tripartite structure—ecological identification, ecological experience and ecological practice. Sixth, environment friendly behavior is the proactive practice of ecological self. People whose self are mostly concerned with nature behave to be more responsible for the environment. Regression analysis shows that ecological self can predict whether the behavior is environment-friendly or not. Therefore, calling for ecological self and proenvironmental behavior is the channel to solve ecological crisis from the perspective of human behavior.
引文
[1][美]阿尔·戈尔.陈嘉映等译.濒临失衡的地球——生态与人类精神[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1997:24.
    [2][法]阿尔贝特·施韦泽.陈泽环译.对生命的敬畏[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2006:192.
    [3][美]艾伦·杜宁.毕幸译.多少算够——消费社会与地球的未来[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997:5-6,10,22,24,26,29.
    [4][美]奥德姆·巴雷特.陆健健等译.生态学基础[M](第五版).北京:高等教育出版社,2009:1,18,64,66,67.
    [5][美]奥尔多·利奥波德.侯文蕙译.沙乡年鉴[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997:192-214.
    [6][美]巴里·康芒纳.侯文蕙译.封闭的物质循环——自然、人和技术[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997:25-37,89.
    [7][美]巴里·菲尔德,玛莎·菲尔德.原毅军,陈艳莹译.环境经济学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2006:44-62.
    [8][美]芭芭拉·沃德,勒内·杜博斯.《国外公害丛书》编委会译.只有一个地球[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997:74.
    [9][美]保罗·贝尔,托马斯·格林,杰弗瑞·费希尔,安德鲁·鲍姆.朱建军,吴建平等译.环境心理学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009:231.
    [10]百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/19692.htm(2009.4.20)
    [11]百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/771875.htm(2008.12.8)
    [12][瑞士]布伦诺·S·弗雷,阿洛伊伊斯·斯塔特勒.静也译.幸福与经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006:86-87.
    [13][美]比尔·麦克基本.孙晓春,马树林译.自然的终结[M].长春:吉林人民出版社2000:十周年纪念版作者序(7-8),63.
    [14]曹凑贵.生态学概论[M](第二版).北京:高等教育出版社.2006:24-25,32,59,259-261.
    [15]曹顺仙,王国聘.论生态危机的全球化[J].生态经济,2009(9):183-187.
    [16]车文博.西方心理学史[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,2002:435,436,464-467,480.
    [17]常艳.生态危机的根源与解决路径[J].哲学百家,2009(7):85-87.
    [18][美]丹尼斯·米都斯.李宝恒译.增长的极限——罗马俱乐部关于人类困境的报告[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1997:39,42,50.
    [19]大连日报.战争引发生态灾难[N].2003.4.2.
    [20]董志勇.行为经济学原理[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006:4-6.
    [21][美]戴斯·贾丁斯.林官明,杨爱明译.环境伦理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:86-87,127-131.
    [22]段雨澜.经济人假设——反思发展[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2008:39-41.
    [23][英]E·F·舒马赫.李华夏译.小的是美好的[M].南京:译林出版社,2007:14,19,89.
    [24][英]E.库拉.谢扬举译.环境经济学思想史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2007:77-78,94-96.
    [25]高中华.生态危机的技术内涵:对技术负面效应的评析[J].科学技术与辩证法,2001,18(5):38-41.
    [26]高岚,田明华等.环境经济学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2007:3-5,65-67.
    [27][日]宫本宪一.朴玉译.环境经济学[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2004:87-95,106-108.
    [28]郭剑仁.探寻生态危机的社会根源[J].马克思主义研究,2007(10):85-89.
    [29]国际统计年鉴2010[M].中华人民共和国国家统计局编.北京:中国统计出版社,2010:3,10-13,15-17,369,374.
    [30][美]赫尔曼·E·戴利.诸大建,胡圣等译.超越增长:可持续发展的经济学[M].上海:上海世纪出版集团,2006.
    [31][美]赫尔曼·E·戴利,肯尼思·N·汤森.马杰,钟斌等译.珍惜地球——经济学、生态学、伦理学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001:52,179,208-209,360.
    [32][美]霍尔姆斯·罗尔斯顿.扬通进译.环境伦理学——大自然的价值以及人对大自然的义务[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000:3-35,484.
    [33][美]加勒特·哈丁.戴星翼,张真译.生活在极限之内——生态学、经济学和人口禁忌[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2007:281.
    [34][美]杰里米·里夫金(Rifkin, J.),特德·霍尔德(Howard, T.)吕明,袁舟译.熵:一种新的世界观[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1987:210-212.
    [35]金盛华,张杰.当代社会心理学导论[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1995:201.
    [36]金瑜.心理测量[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003:86-190.
    [37][美]卡洛琳·麦茜特.吴国盛等译.自然之死——妇女、生态和科学革命[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1999:前言(1)
    [38][美]凯温·林奇.方益萍,何晓军译.城市意象[M].北京:华夏出版社,2001.
    [39][德]康德.未来形而上学导论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1978:93.
    [40][英]克莱夫·庞廷.王毅等译.环境与伟大文明的衰落[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2002:80-82.
    [41][印度]克里希那穆提.凯锋译.自然与生态[M].上海:学林出版社,2007:1,20.
    [42][美]科林·F·凯莫勒,乔治·罗文斯坦.贺京同.宋紫峰等译.行为经济学新进展[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010总序(2)
    [43][英]科特雷尔(Cottrell, A)王炎庠译.环境经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981:13.
    [44]孔欢.生态危机的根源探究[J].晋阳学刊,2009(1):75-78.
    [45][德]库尔特·勒温.竺培梁译.拓扑心理学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1997:11.
    [46][美]莱斯特·R·布朗.林自新,戢守志等译.生态经济:有利于地球的经济构想[M].北京: 东方出版社,2002:1-5,139,150-155.
    [47][美]蕾切尔·卡逊.吕瑞兰,李长生.寂静的春天[M].吉林人民出版社,1997:163.
    [48]雷毅.深层生态学:一种激进的环境主义[J].自然辩证法研究,1999,15(2):51-55.
    [49]雷毅.深层生态学思想研究[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:45,46.
    [50]李继武.重构主客关系的理论基础、哲学方式和发展模式[J].齐鲁学刊,2000(4):4-8.
    [51]李明.生态危机的根源——西方马克思主义的视域分析[J].中共济南市委党校学报,2009(1): 43-45.
    [52][美]理查德·格里格,菲利普·津巴多.王垒,王甦等译.心理学与生活[M](第16版)北京:人民邮电出版社,2003:3-4.
    [53]林群慧,金时.新环境问题研究——对2000年以来环境热点问题研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005:28-29,116-162.
    [54][奥]路德维希·冯·米塞斯.聂薇,裴艳丽译.人类行为的经济学分析(上)[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2010:译者序,32.
    [55]罗亚玲,汤剑波.对“非人类中心主义”环境伦理学的反思[J].南京社会科学,2000(10):12-16.
    [56]马克思.1844年经济学哲学手稿[M].北京:人民出版社,2000:85.
    [57]马克思恩格斯选集[M].第3卷.北京:人民出版社,1972:17-518.
    [58]马世骏.现代生态学透视[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
    [59]马一波,郭永玉.叙事自我:特质与情境的整合[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版,2008,21(3):385-388.
    [60]马一波,钟华.叙事心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2006:17-23.
    [61]马永庆.论人对自然的道德责任[J].东岳论丛,2000(2):83-86.
    [62]苗力田.亚里士多德全集(第9卷)[M].中国人民大学出版社,1994:17.
    [63]欧阳志远.最后的消费[M].北京:人民出版社,2000:38.
    [64][俄]帕夫连科,A.H..张晶摘译.“生态危机”:不是问题的问题[J].国外社会科学,2004(1):42-47.
    [65]彭俐俐主笔.20世纪环境警示录[M].北京:华夏出版社,2001:30-31,126-127.
    [66]彭福扬,曾主波.论生态危机的四种根源及其特征[J].湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2002,16(4):29-33.
    [67]彭坚,郑百灵.科学发展观视阈中的人与自然——兼评“人类中心主义”与“非人类中心主义”的争论[J].求实,2009(10):36-39.
    [68][美]乔纳森·布朗.陈浩莺等译.自我[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:18-21,48,75.
    [69][美]乔治·H·米德.赵月瑟译.心灵、自我与社会[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2008:157,160,180,182,193.
    [70]秦春.走向深层的生态心理批评[J].黑龙江史志,2008(16):86-87.
    [71]曲格平.从“环境库兹涅茨曲线”说起[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2006(4)
    [72]全球环境展望年鉴[M].联合国环境规划署编.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006:7,43.
    [73]全增嘏.西方哲学史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1983:113,202,501,502,578,579,619.
    [74]任国栋.对人与自然关系的历史反思[D].成都理工大学学位论文,2008:5-6.
    [75]人民日报.战争祸及生态灾难高科技带来灾难[N].2003.4.8.
    [76]人类进步基金会研究报告[J].中共中央编译局.国外理论动态,1994,137(19):145-151.
    [77][圭亚那]施里达斯·拉夫尔(Shridath Ramphal)夏堃堡等译.我们的家园——地球:为生存而结为伙伴关系[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1993.
    [78]孙国强.循环经济的新范式[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:15-16.
    [79]苏贤贵.生态危机与西方文化的价值转变[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1998,35(1):63-70.
    [80]邵璀菊.生态危机的技术根源与应对[J].北京交通大学学报(社会科学版),2009,8(4):88-91.
    [81]世界观察研究所.杨广俊,史明兰等译.1996年世界环境报告[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1999:80-81,129,135.
    [82]世界资源研究所.国家环境保护总局发行《生物多样性公约》办公室译.生态系统与人类福址生物多样性综合报告:千年生态系统评估[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005:2-4.
    [83][美]唐奈勒·H·梅多斯,丹尼斯·L·梅多斯,约恩·兰德斯等.赵旭等译.超载极限——正视全球性崩溃,展望可持续的未来[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2001:24,64,106-107.
    [84][美]唐纳德·沃斯特.侯文蕙译.自然的经济体系——生态思想史[M].北京:商务印书馆,2007:338.
    [85]童天湘.新自然观[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,1988:211.
    [86][美]托马斯·贝里.曹静译.伟大的事业——人类未来之路[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2005:导言(2-3),74,85,89-90,98.
    [87]汪向东等.心理卫生评定量表手册[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:394-395.
    [88]王国芳.克莱因与客体关系学派的创立与发展[J].南京师大学报(社会科学版).2007(5):105-110.
    [89]王永昌a.论主体的客体化[J].求索.1991(6):42-47.
    [90]王永昌b.论客体的主体化[J].江汉论坛.1991(5):6-11.
    [91]王正平.环境哲学[M].上海人民出版社,2004:158,185-189,224,225.
    [92]王凤珍.人类理性与环境危机[J].吉林师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003(3):1-4.
    [93]温纯如.康德和费希特的自我学说[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1995:13,109-130.
    [94]吴建平.内蒙古女性文化素质状况与人口现代化[J].内蒙古社会科学,1998(3):80-84.
    [95]吴建平.生态环境控制的心理学途径[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,36(6) :78-82.
    [96][美]威廉·福格特.张子美译.生存之路[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981:252-253.
    [97]新帕尔格雷.经济学大辞典[M](第2卷).经济科学出版社,1996:58.
    [98][英]亚当·斯密.郭大力,王亚南译.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下卷)[M].北京:商务出版社,1979:25-27.
    [99]严耕.生态危机与生态文明转向研究[D].北京林业大学博士论文,2009:10-11.
    [100]杨莉萍.社会建构论心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2006:138,145.
    [101]杨韶刚.超个人心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2006:75.
    [102]余谋昌.生态哲学[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2000:140.
    [103]中国统计年鉴2009[M].中华人民共和国国家统计局编.北京:中国统计出版社,2009:89,102-104,416.
    [104]张金屯.应用生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:13-14,44.
    [105]张容南,卢风.消费主义与消费伦理思想战线[J].2006,32(2):1-6.
    [106]张汝伦.现代西方哲学十五讲[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006:8.
    [107]张文喜.自我的建构与解构[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2002:24,30,34.
    [108]张连国.从传统经济学到生态经济学[J].社会科学辑刊,2005(3):59-64.
    [109]章俊华Landscape思潮[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:15.
    [110]中国人口普查资料[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1982,1990,2000.
    [111]周晓红.现代社会学史[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1993:256.
    [112]周晓红.现代社会心理学名著菁华[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007:276,280-292.
    [113]朱婧.“社区”解读[J].社科从横,2005,20(5):57-59.
    [114]朱建军,吴建平.生态环境心理研究[M].北京:中央编译出版社出版社,2009:24,202-221.
    [115]赵晓红.从人类中心论到生态中心论——当代西方环境伦理思想评介[J].中共中央党校学报,2005(4):37-40.
    [116]庄穆.生态环境危机之根源分析[J].马克思主义与现实,2004(2):84-90.
    [117]周秀英.论生态危机的制度与人性根源[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2008,48(5):155-158.
    [118]邹成效.论技术的辩证本性[J].科学技术与辩证法,2004,21(4):50-53.
    [119]自然辩证法百科全书[S].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1995:715-716.
    [120][美]Engleson, David C.& Yockers, Dennis H周儒,张超等译.环境教育课程规划[M].台北:五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:125,134.
    [121]Bragg,E.A. Towards ecological self:deep ecology meets constructionist self-theory [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,1996 (16):93-108.
    [122]Catton,W.R. Carrying capacity and the death of a culture:A tale of two autopsies [J]. Sociological Inquiry,1993,63:202-222.
    [123]Clinebell,H. Ecotherapy:Healing ourselves,healing the earth[M]. New York:Haworth,1996:3.
    [124]Cao Shixiong, Chen Li, Liu Zhande & Ambio. Disharmony between society and environmental carrying capacity:a historical review,with an empasis on china[J]. Stockholm,2007,36 (5):409.
    [125]Devall,B-Simple in means,rich in ends practising deep ecology[M]. London:Green Print,1990:42,52,83.
    [126]Dikirr,P.M. Africa's environmental criss unmapped terrain, existing challenges,and possible solutions[D]. Binghamton University,2005.
    [127]Dybas,C.L. In the sea, no fish is an island [J]. Bioscience,2002,52 (2):124.
    [128]Dunlap,R.E.& Van Liere,K.D. The new environmental paradigm:a proposed measuring instrument and preliminary results [J]. Journal of Environmental Education,1978 (9):10-19.
    [129]Dunlap,R.E. Paradigmatic change in social science:from human exemptions to an ecological paradigm[J]. American Behavioral Scientist,1980,24 (1):5-14.
    [130]Dunlap,R.E., Van Liere,K.D., Mertig,A.G.& Jones,R.E. Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm:A revised NEP scale [J]. Journal of Social Issues,2000,56 (3):425-442.
    [131]Ehrlich,P.R.& Ehrlich,A.H. Healing the planet:strategies for resolving the environmental crisis [M]. Reading,MA:Addison Wesley,1991:7-10.
    [132]Edney,J.J.& Harper, C.S. The effects of Information in a resource management problem:a social trap analog [J]. Human Ecology,1978,6 (4):387-395.
    [133]Fisher,A. Radical ecopsychology:psychology in the service of life[M]. Albany,NY:SUNY Press, 2002:41.
    [134]Fox,W. Towerd a transpersonal ecology:developing new foundations for environmentalism [M]. New York:State University of New York Press,1995.
    [135]Homburg,A.& Stolberg,A. Explaining pro-environmental behavior with a cognitive theory of stress [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2006 (26):1-14.
    [136]Hardin,G. The tragedy of the commons [J]. Science,1968 (162):1243-1248.
    [137]Howard,G.S. Ecological psychology:creating a more earth-friendly human nature [M]. University of Notre Name Press,1997:14,15,25,46-48,54-62.
    [138]Hormuth,S.E. The ecology of the self:relocation and self-concept change [M]. New York:Cambridge University Press,1990.
    [139]Hewett,R.G. A snowball in hell? ecological education in a postmodern age[J]. Dissertation Abstracts International,2007,68 (04):1380.
    [140]Jun,H.S. Tonghak ecofeminist reinterpretation of sin, evil and spirituality in relation to the ecological crisis [J]. Dissertation Abstracts International,2001,62 (4):1449.
    [141]James,W. The principles of psychology (Vol.1) [M]. New York:Holt,1890:232-233,291-292.
    [142]Kanner,A.D.& Gomes,M.E. The all-consuming self.In T.Roszak,M.E.Gomes & A.D.Kanner.. Eco-psychology:restoring the earth,healing the mind[M]. San Franciso,CA:Scierra Club,1995:77-79.
    [143]Korpela,K.M. Place-identity as a product of environmental self-regulation [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,1989 (9):241-256.
    [144]Kortenkamp,K.V.& Moore,C. Ecocentrism and anteropocentrism:moral reasoning about ecological commons dilemmas [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2001 (21):261-272.
    [145]Krupat,E. A place for place identity [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,1983 (3):343-344.
    [146]Kerr,A. Ecosystem management must include the most human of factors [J]. Bioscience,1995,45 (6):378.
    [147]Levchenko,V.F.& Menshutkin,V.V. Attempt at computer modeling of evolution of the human society[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology,2009,45 (2):309-321.
    [148]Lovelock,J. The ages of Gaia:a biography of our living earth [M]. New York:Bantam,1990:19,40.xvi.
    [149]Macy,J. World as lover,world as self[M]. Berkeley,CA:Parallax Press,1991:189.
    [150]Mahler,M.S. On the first three subphases of the separation-individual process [J]. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis,1972 (53):333-338.
    [151]Mathews,F. The ecological self[M]. London:Routledge,1991.
    [152]Miller,G.T. Living in the environment:principles,connections and solutions (12th ed.) [M]. Belmont,CA:Wadsworth,2002:1.
    [153]Milbrath,L.W. Culture and the environment in the United Stateds [J]. Environmental Management,1985,9 (2):161-172.
    [154]Nasr,S.H. The spiritual and religious dimensions of the environmental crisis [J]. The Ecologist 2000,30 (1):18.
    [155]Naess,A. Identification as a source of deep ecological attitudes. In M.Tobais (Ed.),Deep ecology[M]. San Diego:Avant Books,1985:256-270.
    [156]Naess,A. Self realization:an ecological approach to being in the word. In Alan Drengson & Bill Devall:Ecology of Wisdom [M]. Berkeley,CA:Counterpoint,2008:81-96.
    [157]Platt,J. Social trap[J]. American Psychology,1973 (28):641-651.
    [158]Prezant,D.J., Weiden,M., Banauch,G.I., McGuinness,G., Rom,W.N., Aldrich,T.K.& Kelly,K.J. Cough and bronchial responsiveness in firefighters at the World Trade Center site [J]. New England Journal of Medicine,2002,347 (11):806-815.
    [159]Proshansky,H.M, Fabian,A.K.& Kaminonff,R. Place identity:physical world socialization of the self [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,1983 (3):57-83.
    [160]Proshansky,H.M. The city and self-identity [J]. Environmental and Behavior,1978 (10):147-169.
    [161]Reibel,L. Consuming the earth:eating disorders and ecopsychology[J]. Journal of Humanistic Psychology,2001,41 (2):38-58.
    [162]Roszak,T. The voice of the earth:an exploration of ecopsychology (2nd ed.) [M]. New York:Simon & Schuster,2001:14,140,302,308,320,321.
    [163]Stokols,D., Misra,S., Runnerstrom,M.G.& Hipp,J.A. Psychology in an age of ecological crisis:form personal angst to collective action[J]. American Psychologist,2009,64 (3):181-193.
    [164]Schultz,P.W. empathizing with nature:The effects of perspective taking on concern for environmental issues [J]. Journal of Social Issues,2000,56 (3):391-406.
    [165]Schultz,P.W. The strcture of environmental concern:concern for self,other people,and the biosphere [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology,2001(21):327-339.
    [166]Stern,P.C.& Dietz,T. Value basis of environmental concern [J]. Journal of Social Issues,1994,50 (3):65-84.
    [167]Sutton,P.W. Nature, environment and society[M]. New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2004:97-114.
    [168]Sampson,E.E. Social worlds,personal lives:an introduction to social psychology[M]. San Diego, CA:Harcourt Brace Jovanvich,1991:917.
    [169]Seed,J., Macy,J., Fleming,P.& Naess,A. Thinking like a mountain:towards a council of all beings [M]. Philadephia,PA:New Society Publisherss,1988.
    [170]Shepard,P. Nature and madness [M]. San Francisco:Sierra Club,1982:2.
    [171]Smith,D. Norbert Elias and modern social theory [M]. London:Sage Publications Ltd.,2001:26.
    [172]The Economist,2009.10.31.
    [173]Union of Concerned Scientists. World scientists'warning to humanity. Statement available from the Union of Concerned Scientists,26 Church St.,Cambridge,MA 02238,1992.
    [174]Vickers,V.G. An exploration of ecological identity:Education to restore the human/earth relationship [J]. Dissertation Abstracts International,2003,64 (6):2021.
    [175]Winter,D.D.& Koger,S.M. The psychology of environmental problems(2nd ed.) [M]. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.,Publishers,2004:6-8,29,33,43-48,90,129-131,139,200.
    [176]Wackernagel,M.& Rees,W. Our ecological footprint:reducing human impact on the Earth [M]. Gabriola Island,B.C.:New Society,1996:56-76.
    [177]World Urbanination Prospects:The 2003 Revision [M]. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division. New York:United Nations Publication,2004:198-199.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700