基于数控技术的CVT电液控制系统研究
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摘要
金属带式无级变速器（Metal V-belt CVT）是汽车理想的变速传动装置，
因为其优异的无级变速特性，正获得越来越大的发展，在我国也具有广阔的发
展前景和市场空间。而其中的电液控制系统是直接影响到汽车换挡（变速）品
质、经济性、动力性以及排放的关键部件。电液控制系统的研究综合了CVT
传动机理、电子控制技术、液压传动技术等诸多方面内容，是较为复杂的控制
系统。国内在这方面的研究工作尚处于起步阶段，在理论研究和实际设计方面
都存在不少困难。而掌握这些理论和关键技术对提高国有轿车的自主研发能
力，增强竞争力都有现实意义。鉴于此，本文围绕基于数控技术的电液控制系
统及相关数控元件进行研究。
1、在参阅了国内外大量文献的基础上，阐述了 CVT 的典型结构及工作原
理，重点分析了与夹紧力控制、速比控制紧密相关的金属带传动机理。为实现
准确的速比控制，从 CVT 动力匹配问题入手，研究了速比控制的一般规律。
根据这些工作确定了 CVT 电液控制系统的主要控制策略。
2、在分析国外引进样机P811型CVT的机液控制系统的基础上，改进设计
了基于数控技术的电液控制系统。该电液控制系统采用了自主研制的数控调压
阀作为夹紧力控制，高速开关阀作为速比控制和离合器控制，因此实现了CVT
电液控制系统的数字化。
3、自主设计了基于步进电机的数控比例调压阀，并通过数学模型仿真分
析和特性试验验证了设计参数的准确性。试验结果表明相对于传统的电磁铁式
比例阀，数控调压阀在稳态特性和动态响应上均有较大提高，可以在开环控制
83
吉 林 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
时达到较高精度，满足实际运用的要求。
4、对高速开关阀进行了数学分析，建立了数学模型，并探讨了基于占空
比控制的脉宽调制技术，分析了不同频率下高速开关阀稳态输出压力和占空比
的关系。此外，还特别研究了高速开关阀的电流控制技术以实现节能的目的，
设计了相应的控制电路。在电液集成块的速比控制台架试验中，高速开关阀表
现出良好的动态响应性和可控性，满足使用要求。
本文的主要创新之处在于设计开发了适用于 CVT 电液控制系统的数控比
例调压阀，从而将数字控制技术应用于 CVT 电液控制系统中。试验表明数控
元件提高了控制精度，增加了系统可靠性，降低了产品开发的成本，基本上能
够满足无级变速汽车的性能要求。
The Metal V-belt CVT is a type of ideal transmission for passenger cars for its
specialty, which is developing rapidly for its specialty. There will be also a great
developing potentiality and extensive market in China. Affecting the quality of
transmission and the car performances such as fuel economy, dynamic performance
and emission directly, its electro-hydraulic control system is the key in CVT. The
electro-hydraulic control system is a complicated system because it integrates
transmission mechanism of CVT, electronic control technology and hydraulic
transmission technology. Now the research in this field in china is in the starting
period. There are many obstacles in both transmission theory and actual control
system design. Grasping these theories and critical technologies is helpful to
improve our independent auto-developing ability and to compete with foreign auto
enterprises. So this paper makes some study on the electro-hydraulic control
system for CVT based on digital control technology and its main components. The
main work has been completed as follows:
1, According on many domestic and overseas references, the typical structure
and work mechanism of CVT are elaborated. The transmission mechanism of
Metal V-belt correlating closely with clamping control and ratio control is
emphases. Ratio control principles are analyzed aimed at more accurate in ratio
control. This work starts from matching between engine and CVT. The main
control strategies of electro-hydraulic control system of CVT are confirmed based
on above research.
85
吉 林 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
2, Finished the study on the original mechan-hydraulic control system in P811
CVT, a electro-hydraulic control system based on digital control is designed.
Instead of the conventional solenoid valve, the new control system use a
proportional valve with digital control as clamping force control valve and use high
speed on-off valves as ratio control valve and clutch control valve. Digital control
is achieved in control system of CVT.
3, A proportional valve with digital control based on stepper motor is designed
independently. The parameters of the valve are validated by simulation analysis
based on mathematical models and specialty experimentation. The results show
that the digital valve has great improvement in response to steady state and
dynamic state compared with conventional proportion solenoid valve. It can satisfy
the actual requirements for its good precision in opening control.
4, A model of high speed on-off valve is built on the base of mathematical
analysis of the valve. And pulse-width modulation control technology based on
duty cycle is researched. Relations between exported pressure and duty circle under
different frequency are concluded. Furthermore, a special current control
technology of HSV is created for saving energy. And based on the technology a
control electro-circuit is designed. During the test of the integrated
electro-hydraulic control unit on a test rig, the HSV shows good response to
dynamic state and convenient control specialty, which match the requirement of
utility.
The main contribution of the research is that a proportional valve with digital
control for CVT is designed to utilize digital control technology in the
electro-hydraulic control system of CVT. The test data show that the utility of
digital opponents brings great improvement in control precision and reliability for
the control system. It’s also helpful to reduce design cost of the system. So the
electro-hydraulic system using digital control technology can satisfy the demands
of cars with CVT.
因为其优异的无级变速特性，正获得越来越大的发展，在我国也具有广阔的发
展前景和市场空间。而其中的电液控制系统是直接影响到汽车换挡（变速）品
质、经济性、动力性以及排放的关键部件。电液控制系统的研究综合了CVT
传动机理、电子控制技术、液压传动技术等诸多方面内容，是较为复杂的控制
系统。国内在这方面的研究工作尚处于起步阶段，在理论研究和实际设计方面
都存在不少困难。而掌握这些理论和关键技术对提高国有轿车的自主研发能
力，增强竞争力都有现实意义。鉴于此，本文围绕基于数控技术的电液控制系
统及相关数控元件进行研究。
1、在参阅了国内外大量文献的基础上，阐述了 CVT 的典型结构及工作原
理，重点分析了与夹紧力控制、速比控制紧密相关的金属带传动机理。为实现
准确的速比控制，从 CVT 动力匹配问题入手，研究了速比控制的一般规律。
根据这些工作确定了 CVT 电液控制系统的主要控制策略。
2、在分析国外引进样机P811型CVT的机液控制系统的基础上，改进设计
了基于数控技术的电液控制系统。该电液控制系统采用了自主研制的数控调压
阀作为夹紧力控制，高速开关阀作为速比控制和离合器控制，因此实现了CVT
电液控制系统的数字化。
3、自主设计了基于步进电机的数控比例调压阀，并通过数学模型仿真分
析和特性试验验证了设计参数的准确性。试验结果表明相对于传统的电磁铁式
比例阀，数控调压阀在稳态特性和动态响应上均有较大提高，可以在开环控制
83
吉 林 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
时达到较高精度，满足实际运用的要求。
4、对高速开关阀进行了数学分析，建立了数学模型，并探讨了基于占空
比控制的脉宽调制技术，分析了不同频率下高速开关阀稳态输出压力和占空比
的关系。此外，还特别研究了高速开关阀的电流控制技术以实现节能的目的，
设计了相应的控制电路。在电液集成块的速比控制台架试验中，高速开关阀表
现出良好的动态响应性和可控性，满足使用要求。
本文的主要创新之处在于设计开发了适用于 CVT 电液控制系统的数控比
例调压阀，从而将数字控制技术应用于 CVT 电液控制系统中。试验表明数控
元件提高了控制精度，增加了系统可靠性，降低了产品开发的成本，基本上能
够满足无级变速汽车的性能要求。
The Metal V-belt CVT is a type of ideal transmission for passenger cars for its
specialty, which is developing rapidly for its specialty. There will be also a great
developing potentiality and extensive market in China. Affecting the quality of
transmission and the car performances such as fuel economy, dynamic performance
and emission directly, its electro-hydraulic control system is the key in CVT. The
electro-hydraulic control system is a complicated system because it integrates
transmission mechanism of CVT, electronic control technology and hydraulic
transmission technology. Now the research in this field in china is in the starting
period. There are many obstacles in both transmission theory and actual control
system design. Grasping these theories and critical technologies is helpful to
improve our independent auto-developing ability and to compete with foreign auto
enterprises. So this paper makes some study on the electro-hydraulic control
system for CVT based on digital control technology and its main components. The
main work has been completed as follows:
1, According on many domestic and overseas references, the typical structure
and work mechanism of CVT are elaborated. The transmission mechanism of
Metal V-belt correlating closely with clamping control and ratio control is
emphases. Ratio control principles are analyzed aimed at more accurate in ratio
control. This work starts from matching between engine and CVT. The main
control strategies of electro-hydraulic control system of CVT are confirmed based
on above research.
85
吉 林 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
2, Finished the study on the original mechan-hydraulic control system in P811
CVT, a electro-hydraulic control system based on digital control is designed.
Instead of the conventional solenoid valve, the new control system use a
proportional valve with digital control as clamping force control valve and use high
speed on-off valves as ratio control valve and clutch control valve. Digital control
is achieved in control system of CVT.
3, A proportional valve with digital control based on stepper motor is designed
independently. The parameters of the valve are validated by simulation analysis
based on mathematical models and specialty experimentation. The results show
that the digital valve has great improvement in response to steady state and
dynamic state compared with conventional proportion solenoid valve. It can satisfy
the actual requirements for its good precision in opening control.
4, A model of high speed on-off valve is built on the base of mathematical
analysis of the valve. And pulse-width modulation control technology based on
duty cycle is researched. Relations between exported pressure and duty circle under
different frequency are concluded. Furthermore, a special current control
technology of HSV is created for saving energy. And based on the technology a
control electro-circuit is designed. During the test of the integrated
electro-hydraulic control unit on a test rig, the HSV shows good response to
dynamic state and convenient control specialty, which match the requirement of
utility.
The main contribution of the research is that a proportional valve with digital
control for CVT is designed to utilize digital control technology in the
electro-hydraulic control system of CVT. The test data show that the utility of
digital opponents brings great improvement in control precision and reliability for
the control system. It’s also helpful to reduce design cost of the system. So the
electro-hydraulic system using digital control technology can satisfy the demands
of cars with CVT.
引文
[1] 湊清之，自動車の燃費規制の現狀と將來動向，自動車技術，Vol.56,No.9,2002:10-15,
20024682.
[2] 自動車と法规，自動車技術，Vol.56,No.8,20024452.
[3] 吉林工业大学汽车系无级变速传动课题组，轿车金属带式无级自动变速传动的发展现
状与趋势，1997 年 4 月。
[4] Koichi Funatsu,Hideo Koyama and Takashi Aoki, Electronic Control System of Honda
for CVT, JSAE9636312.
[5] Keiju Abo,Masayuki Kobayashi and Minoru Kuroawa, Development of a Metal
Belt-Drive CVT Incorporating a Torque Converter for Use with 2-liter Class Engines,
SAE980823.
[6] 黑澤 實，騰川 匡，吉田 賢二，小林 昌之，トルクコンバ—タ付き大容量型ベルト
CVT の開發，自動車技術，Vol.51,No.9,1997,9738085。
[7] 蒋凌山，奥迪无级变速器 Multitronic 简介，汽车技术，2002，07。
[8] Chunho Kim,Eok Namgoong et.al., Fule economy optimization for parallel hybrid vehicles
with CVT,SAE Tech. paper series 1999-01-1148.
[9] Isaya Matsuo,Development of a high-performance hybrid propulsion system incorporating
a CVT, SAE Tech.paper series 2000-01-0992.
[10] NSK 新方式の變速器「パワ－スプリット CVT」開發，日經メカニカル，
9,P.76-77(2001)
[11] Masayuki Fuchino,Kouhei Ohsono, Development of Fully Electronic Control Metal Belt
CVT, JSAE9636286.
[12] Hirofumi Shimizu,Daisuke Kobayashi, Junichi Kawashima and Yoshiaki Kato,
Development of 3-D Simulation for Analyzing the Dynamic Behavior of a Metal Pushing
V-Belt for CVTs, SAE2000-01-0828.
[13] Keiju Abo and Masayuki Kobayashi,Development of a New Metal Belt CVT for High
Torque Engines, SAE2000-01-829.
[14] Manfred Boos and Herbert Mozer, ECOTRONIC-The Continuously Variable ZF
Transmission (CVT), SAE970685.
[15] Manfred Boos and Herbert Mozer, CVT at ZF, SAE9636303.
[16] Tohru IDE, Hirokazu UCHIYAMA, Ryuji KATAOKA, Experimental Investigation on
Shift Speed Characteristics of a Metal V-Belt CVT, Proc.of International conference on
Continuously Variable Transmission, (CVT’96,Yoko-hama), pp59-64,1996,9636330.
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79
吉 林 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
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20024682.
[2] 自動車と法规，自動車技術，Vol.56,No.8,20024452.
[3] 吉林工业大学汽车系无级变速传动课题组，轿车金属带式无级自动变速传动的发展现
状与趋势，1997 年 4 月。
[4] Koichi Funatsu,Hideo Koyama and Takashi Aoki, Electronic Control System of Honda
for CVT, JSAE9636312.
[5] Keiju Abo,Masayuki Kobayashi and Minoru Kuroawa, Development of a Metal
Belt-Drive CVT Incorporating a Torque Converter for Use with 2-liter Class Engines,
SAE980823.
[6] 黑澤 實，騰川 匡，吉田 賢二，小林 昌之，トルクコンバ—タ付き大容量型ベルト
CVT の開發，自動車技術，Vol.51,No.9,1997,9738085。
[7] 蒋凌山，奥迪无级变速器 Multitronic 简介，汽车技术，2002，07。
[8] Chunho Kim,Eok Namgoong et.al., Fule economy optimization for parallel hybrid vehicles
with CVT,SAE Tech. paper series 1999-01-1148.
[9] Isaya Matsuo,Development of a high-performance hybrid propulsion system incorporating
a CVT, SAE Tech.paper series 2000-01-0992.
[10] NSK 新方式の變速器「パワ－スプリット CVT」開發，日經メカニカル，
9,P.76-77(2001)
[11] Masayuki Fuchino,Kouhei Ohsono, Development of Fully Electronic Control Metal Belt
CVT, JSAE9636286.
[12] Hirofumi Shimizu,Daisuke Kobayashi, Junichi Kawashima and Yoshiaki Kato,
Development of 3-D Simulation for Analyzing the Dynamic Behavior of a Metal Pushing
V-Belt for CVTs, SAE2000-01-0828.
[13] Keiju Abo and Masayuki Kobayashi,Development of a New Metal Belt CVT for High
Torque Engines, SAE2000-01-829.
[14] Manfred Boos and Herbert Mozer, ECOTRONIC-The Continuously Variable ZF
Transmission (CVT), SAE970685.
[15] Manfred Boos and Herbert Mozer, CVT at ZF, SAE9636303.
[16] Tohru IDE, Hirokazu UCHIYAMA, Ryuji KATAOKA, Experimental Investigation on
Shift Speed Characteristics of a Metal V-Belt CVT, Proc.of International conference on
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