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陇中黄土丘陵地区农村生活能源潜力估算及消费结构分析
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摘要
生活能源是人类生存和发展的基本物质需求,也是农村社会经济发展和生态环境变化的重要影响因素。当前,我国西部地区的农村生活能源建设不仅与当地农民的物质文化生活质量密切相关,也是建设社会主义新农村和实现小康目标的重要突破口。
     陇中黄土丘陵地区位于我国西北内陆的甘肃省,生态环境脆弱,社会经济发展较为落后。长期以来,在农民收入水平低下与生活能源资源匮乏的条件下,该地区在生活燃料、农田肥料与牲畜饲料之间的矛盾异常突出,作物秸秆、薪柴(草)和畜粪的低水平利用是当地植被退化、土地贫瘠的重要因素。随着人口数量的增加和居民消费水平的提高,生活能源的需求进一步增加,对当地生态环境的影响也越来越大。多年来,国家支持实施了大量的水土保持、小流域综合治理、退耕还林(草)、天然林保护等工程措施来恢复当地的植被和改善生态环境。但是,以生物质能为主的农村生活能源利用结构和低下的能源利用效率极大地制约了生态建设成效。因此,科学估算当地农村能源开发潜力,细致深入的分析农村能源消费结构,从而提出相应的能源开发战略,具有较大的现实意义。另外,本文的案例研究结果,对于探索新时期农村生活能源利用和建设模式,实现生态经济脆弱区的农村可持续发展具有重要的理论意义。
     论文在阐明文章的研究背景、目的及意义的基础上,首先阐述了农村生活能源资源的一般特点和甘肃陇中黄土丘陵地区的自然、社会与经济状况。然后以秦安和通渭两县作为案例研究区,根据农村生活能源的消费过程这一主线,通过大量的问卷调查与实地观测,分析其生活能源的获取途径、利用方式和使用数量,科学估算当地的农村生活能源开发潜力,细致分析了其消费结构。最后,根据得出的结论,提出具体的政策建议,并对农村生活能源问题进行了研究展望。
Household energy is essential material demand for human subsistence and development , and is also important factor that influenced rural development of economic & society and the eco-environmental change. Presently, rural household energy structure in western area of our country is not only closely related to residents' quality of life, but also it is an important breakthrough for building Socialist New Countryside and realizing the goal of a Well-off Society.
     The Loess Hilly Region of Gansu longzhong is located in the northwest of China, in which the development of the economy and the society is relatively backward and ecological environment has fragility. For a long time, under the condition of lower peasant income level and the short of household energy resources, there was an extremely highlighted contradiction among fuel of household energy, farmland fertilizer and livestock feed. The low level using of the crops straw, the firewood (grass) and the livestock excrement is the important factor of local vegetation degeneration and the land barren. Along with the increase of population and the enhancement of inhabitant consumption level, the demand for household energy is increasing and at the same time, the influence on ecological environment is more and more great. For many years, many engineering measures have been implemented such as the massive conservation of water and soil, the small watershed comprehensive control, conversion of cropland to forest (grassland), nature forest protection and so on to restore local vegetation and improve ecological environment. But, rural household energy using structure that rely mainly on biomass energy and the low energy using efficiency enormously restricted the results of ecological construction. Therefore, it has very important realism meaning that the development potential of local rural energy was calculated scientifically, environmental-economic cost was assessed based on analysis on rural consumption structure and thus corresponding strategy of energy exploitation was proposed. Moreover, the research results of the paper have a great theory meaning to grope for rural household energy consumption and strucrure mode in a new time and implement rural sustainable development in eco-economy frail area.
     Based on illuminating the research background, the goal and the significance of the paper, the common characteristic of rural household energy resources and the nature, society and economy conditions were introduced first. Taking Qinan County and Tongwei County as the case of research area and according to the clew of local rural household energy, the gain way, the use way and the use quantity of household energy were analyzed through massive questionnaire surveys and observations. And in this foundation, the development potential and consumption structure of local rural domestic energy were calculated scientifically. Finally, the author proposed the concrete policy and the deficiency in the research.
引文
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