陇中退耕还林区通渭县农村生活能源潜力及结构分析
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摘要
生活能源是人类生存和发展的基本物质需求,也是农村社会经济发展和生态环境变化的重要影响因素。当前,甘肃陇中农村生活能源建设不仅与当地农民的物质文化生活质量密切相关,也是建设社会主义新农村和实现小康目标的重要突破口。
陇中退耕还林工程实施区生态脆弱,水土流失严重,农村生活能源供应存在危机,能源储量有限。因此,估算农村能源资源潜力,分析消费结构特点,探讨其对生态环境和农民生活产生的影响,提出能源开发战略取向,为农村生态建设、环境管理提供政策设计的依据,其理论和现实意义重大。
论文以可持续发展理论、资源承载力理论、外部不经济理论和环境价值理论作为研究的理论基础,在对农村生活能源资源如各种生物质能、化石能源、沼气、太阳能和电能的一般特点、各自的应用特点认识的前提下,依据甘肃陇中的自然、社会与经济发展状况和案例研究区通渭县的概况,在研究区选取样本点进行了实地调查,测算了样本区目前农村的各类能源使用的现实总量,估算了可能存在的生物质能资源主要是薪草、木柴、作物秸秆、畜粪等生物资源和新能源沼气、太阳能的资源潜力,包括对能源资源潜力从折标准煤的理论值、合理值,并进行了相关分析;同时也对农村能源利用的自然属性结构、经济属性结构、环境效应结构和用途结构进行了分析;并对无沼气无太阳灶户、有沼气无太阳灶户、无沼气有太阳灶户和有沼气有太阳灶户四类不同类型农户的用能结构进行了比较分析,对丘陵山区、半山区、旱川区和川区等四种不同村落差异从能源资源消费、能源用途和环境属性三方面进行了比较研究。
研究后,提出了农村生活能源资源潜力十分有限,结构不合理,生物质能所占比重高,清洁能源所占比重低,当前户均消耗与理论消耗标准相差甚远;农村生活能源利用水平低,现有能源只能满足农户炊事、取暖、照明等基本生活需要,而卫生、娱乐等方面的用能极少;不同类型的农户用能特点存在较大差异,绝大多数农户仍以统生物质能为主,能源利用单一,利用率不高,生活环境污染严重;以经济发展为前提的清洁能源、化石能源的利用才起步,并且能源消费方式与当地生态环境保护、社会经济持续发展密切相关,新兴能源对环境具有重要影响的薪柴、煤炭等具有较强的替代作用。针对这些主要结论,论文提出了把农村能源建设作为新时期新农村建设的重点内容来规划;努力建立健全区域环境、经济可持续发展的政策保障体系;积极开发利用清洁无污染的新能源;大力发展区域经济,提高农户的购买力;探索取暖用能新技术,拓宽农村能源渠道;制定法规法律,依法开发应用新能源等对策建议。最后,对农村生活能源结构、生活能源模型化、生活能源建设产权等三个方面提出了展望。
The life energy is the basic material demand to the human survival and development, it is also the important influence factor to the countryside social economic development and the ecological environment change. At present, the rural life energy construction in Longzhong area of Gansu is not only relates closely to the local farmer's material and cultural life quality, it is also the important breakthrough to the new socialism rural reconstruction and the realization of well-to-do society.
In the region of Longzhong area used to return the grain plots to forestry, the ecology is frail, the soil erosion is serious, the energy reserves is limited and crisis exists in the village life energy supply. So, there are momentous current and theoritical significance to estimate the countryside energy resource potential, analyse the characteristic of consumption pattern, discuss its influence to the ecological environment and the farmer's life, propose the energy development strategy, and provide the policy-making basis for the countryside ecology construction and the environment management.
Based on the sustainable development theory, the resources capacity theory, outside diseconomy theory and the environment value theory, the natural, social and economical development condition in Longzhong area of Gansu, and the survey of Tongwei County, the author gave his recognition of the rural life energy resources, such as biological mass energy, marsh gas, fossil energy, solar energy, electrical energy, etc., include their general characteristics and application characteristics, he has carried in-the-spot investigation in the research area, surveyed total use of each kind of energy in the sample area at present, estimated the resources potential which possibly exists mainly is biological resources, such as firewood grass, firewood, crops straw stalk, and livestock excrement ,etc, the new energy methane, the solar energy and so on, the author has also carried on the correlation analysis to the theoretical value and the reasonable value of the energy resources potential by calculated it with the standard coal; Meanwhile, the author has carried on the analysis to the natural attribute structure, the economical attribute structure, the environment effect structure and the use structure of the countryside energy use, carried on comparative analysis to four different types peasant households'energy use structure: households without both the methane and sun stove; households which did not have the sun stove but have methane; households which have the solar stove but without the methane; households have both the methane and the solar stove.he also has analyzed the differences of four kinds villages(the knoll mountainous area, half-mountain area, the dry plain area, and the plain area) from three aspects, those are energy resources use, energy use and the environment attribute.
And then,the author proposed some ideas: the village life energy resources potential is extremely limited, its structure is unreasonable, the proportion of the biological mass energy is high, but the proportion of the clean energy is low, the current average per household consumption is far from the theory consumption standard; The village life energy use level is low, the existing energy only can satisfy the peasant household kitchen work, warm up, the illumination and so on the basic life need,but the energy use level in health, entertainment is extremely low; The different type peasant household have the big difference, the overwhelming majority peasant household still use the biology mass energy primarily, the energy use was unitary, the use factor was not high, the living conditions pollution was serious; Take the economical development as the premise, the use of the clean energy, the fossil energy only breaks the ice then, the energy expense way is closely correlates with the local ecological environment protection and the social economic development, the emerging energy has the strong substitution function to firewood, the coal and so on which has important anti—influence to the environment. Based on these main conclusions, the author proposed such Countermeasures:we should take the countryside energy construction as the key content of the new rural reconstruction at the new time; we should Establish the perfect policy safeguard system diligently of region environment and the economic sustainable development; we should develop and use the new clean and non-pollution energy positively; develop area economy and enhance peasant household's purchasing power; explore the new technology to keep warm and use energy, open up the countryside energy use channel; formulate laws and regulations which can be observed when develop and use energy. At last, the author proposed his three aspects forecast on the village life energy structure, the life energy simulation, the life energy construction property right and so on.
陇中退耕还林工程实施区生态脆弱,水土流失严重,农村生活能源供应存在危机,能源储量有限。因此,估算农村能源资源潜力,分析消费结构特点,探讨其对生态环境和农民生活产生的影响,提出能源开发战略取向,为农村生态建设、环境管理提供政策设计的依据,其理论和现实意义重大。
论文以可持续发展理论、资源承载力理论、外部不经济理论和环境价值理论作为研究的理论基础,在对农村生活能源资源如各种生物质能、化石能源、沼气、太阳能和电能的一般特点、各自的应用特点认识的前提下,依据甘肃陇中的自然、社会与经济发展状况和案例研究区通渭县的概况,在研究区选取样本点进行了实地调查,测算了样本区目前农村的各类能源使用的现实总量,估算了可能存在的生物质能资源主要是薪草、木柴、作物秸秆、畜粪等生物资源和新能源沼气、太阳能的资源潜力,包括对能源资源潜力从折标准煤的理论值、合理值,并进行了相关分析;同时也对农村能源利用的自然属性结构、经济属性结构、环境效应结构和用途结构进行了分析;并对无沼气无太阳灶户、有沼气无太阳灶户、无沼气有太阳灶户和有沼气有太阳灶户四类不同类型农户的用能结构进行了比较分析,对丘陵山区、半山区、旱川区和川区等四种不同村落差异从能源资源消费、能源用途和环境属性三方面进行了比较研究。
研究后,提出了农村生活能源资源潜力十分有限,结构不合理,生物质能所占比重高,清洁能源所占比重低,当前户均消耗与理论消耗标准相差甚远;农村生活能源利用水平低,现有能源只能满足农户炊事、取暖、照明等基本生活需要,而卫生、娱乐等方面的用能极少;不同类型的农户用能特点存在较大差异,绝大多数农户仍以统生物质能为主,能源利用单一,利用率不高,生活环境污染严重;以经济发展为前提的清洁能源、化石能源的利用才起步,并且能源消费方式与当地生态环境保护、社会经济持续发展密切相关,新兴能源对环境具有重要影响的薪柴、煤炭等具有较强的替代作用。针对这些主要结论,论文提出了把农村能源建设作为新时期新农村建设的重点内容来规划;努力建立健全区域环境、经济可持续发展的政策保障体系;积极开发利用清洁无污染的新能源;大力发展区域经济,提高农户的购买力;探索取暖用能新技术,拓宽农村能源渠道;制定法规法律,依法开发应用新能源等对策建议。最后,对农村生活能源结构、生活能源模型化、生活能源建设产权等三个方面提出了展望。
The life energy is the basic material demand to the human survival and development, it is also the important influence factor to the countryside social economic development and the ecological environment change. At present, the rural life energy construction in Longzhong area of Gansu is not only relates closely to the local farmer's material and cultural life quality, it is also the important breakthrough to the new socialism rural reconstruction and the realization of well-to-do society.
In the region of Longzhong area used to return the grain plots to forestry, the ecology is frail, the soil erosion is serious, the energy reserves is limited and crisis exists in the village life energy supply. So, there are momentous current and theoritical significance to estimate the countryside energy resource potential, analyse the characteristic of consumption pattern, discuss its influence to the ecological environment and the farmer's life, propose the energy development strategy, and provide the policy-making basis for the countryside ecology construction and the environment management.
Based on the sustainable development theory, the resources capacity theory, outside diseconomy theory and the environment value theory, the natural, social and economical development condition in Longzhong area of Gansu, and the survey of Tongwei County, the author gave his recognition of the rural life energy resources, such as biological mass energy, marsh gas, fossil energy, solar energy, electrical energy, etc., include their general characteristics and application characteristics, he has carried in-the-spot investigation in the research area, surveyed total use of each kind of energy in the sample area at present, estimated the resources potential which possibly exists mainly is biological resources, such as firewood grass, firewood, crops straw stalk, and livestock excrement ,etc, the new energy methane, the solar energy and so on, the author has also carried on the correlation analysis to the theoretical value and the reasonable value of the energy resources potential by calculated it with the standard coal; Meanwhile, the author has carried on the analysis to the natural attribute structure, the economical attribute structure, the environment effect structure and the use structure of the countryside energy use, carried on comparative analysis to four different types peasant households'energy use structure: households without both the methane and sun stove; households which did not have the sun stove but have methane; households which have the solar stove but without the methane; households have both the methane and the solar stove.he also has analyzed the differences of four kinds villages(the knoll mountainous area, half-mountain area, the dry plain area, and the plain area) from three aspects, those are energy resources use, energy use and the environment attribute.
And then,the author proposed some ideas: the village life energy resources potential is extremely limited, its structure is unreasonable, the proportion of the biological mass energy is high, but the proportion of the clean energy is low, the current average per household consumption is far from the theory consumption standard; The village life energy use level is low, the existing energy only can satisfy the peasant household kitchen work, warm up, the illumination and so on the basic life need,but the energy use level in health, entertainment is extremely low; The different type peasant household have the big difference, the overwhelming majority peasant household still use the biology mass energy primarily, the energy use was unitary, the use factor was not high, the living conditions pollution was serious; Take the economical development as the premise, the use of the clean energy, the fossil energy only breaks the ice then, the energy expense way is closely correlates with the local ecological environment protection and the social economic development, the emerging energy has the strong substitution function to firewood, the coal and so on which has important anti—influence to the environment. Based on these main conclusions, the author proposed such Countermeasures:we should take the countryside energy construction as the key content of the new rural reconstruction at the new time; we should Establish the perfect policy safeguard system diligently of region environment and the economic sustainable development; we should develop and use the new clean and non-pollution energy positively; develop area economy and enhance peasant household's purchasing power; explore the new technology to keep warm and use energy, open up the countryside energy use channel; formulate laws and regulations which can be observed when develop and use energy. At last, the author proposed his three aspects forecast on the village life energy structure, the life energy simulation, the life energy construction property right and so on.
引文
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