电力价格测算及其评价
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摘要
电力是商品，交换靠的是价格，电力商品的交换靠的就是电价，而电价应使交易双方都能接受才能成立，因此电价是电力市场的支点。中国的电力工业正在进行“厂网分开，竞价上网”的改革，目的是在发电领域逐步引入竞争机制，逐步形成开放发电侧的经营模式。电价的重要性也越来越明显。近几年来，电价问题也成为一个许多专家研究的热点问题。
本文首先总结了电价理论与方法的国内外研究现状，并对一些电价的测算方法进行了介绍。指出以前我国电力生产使用的四个过程发电、输电、配电、用电统一垄断经营，不存在电价问题。现在，随着“竞价上网”，发电侧的开放经营，使竞价策略成为发电厂必须解决的问题。本文给出了发电厂的定量报价原则，并且应用博弈论，将多厂博弈(或多次二厂博弈)才能解决的问题转化为二厂博弈。另外，我国地区经济发展不平衡，并且电力资源短缺，资金匮乏，不同的用户对电力的需求不同，缺电损失也不同，不应对所有用户实行一个平均的、较高等级的可靠性，因此制定电价应考虑用户对供电可靠性的要求，根据不同的可靠性等级，制定不同的分级电价。
Electricity market transaction depends on electricity pricing. Electricity pricing is the core of electricity market. Chinese power industry is carrying out the trial of generation unbundling and the competition bidding, in order to introduce competition and open electricity market on generation.
At first, this paper concludes electricity pricing theories and methods. In the past, generation, transmission, distribution in China were regulated. There wasn't electricity pricing problem. But opening electricity market on generation makes power plants solute strategic bidding. This paper uses game theory and translates more-people game(or more times two-people game)into two-people game. On the other hand, because development of regional economic isn't balance, different users have different demands on power and different reliability. It isn't true that all users use one-class reliability. This paper points out priority pricing model based on different users.
本文首先总结了电价理论与方法的国内外研究现状，并对一些电价的测算方法进行了介绍。指出以前我国电力生产使用的四个过程发电、输电、配电、用电统一垄断经营，不存在电价问题。现在，随着“竞价上网”，发电侧的开放经营，使竞价策略成为发电厂必须解决的问题。本文给出了发电厂的定量报价原则，并且应用博弈论，将多厂博弈(或多次二厂博弈)才能解决的问题转化为二厂博弈。另外，我国地区经济发展不平衡，并且电力资源短缺，资金匮乏，不同的用户对电力的需求不同，缺电损失也不同，不应对所有用户实行一个平均的、较高等级的可靠性，因此制定电价应考虑用户对供电可靠性的要求，根据不同的可靠性等级，制定不同的分级电价。
Electricity market transaction depends on electricity pricing. Electricity pricing is the core of electricity market. Chinese power industry is carrying out the trial of generation unbundling and the competition bidding, in order to introduce competition and open electricity market on generation.
At first, this paper concludes electricity pricing theories and methods. In the past, generation, transmission, distribution in China were regulated. There wasn't electricity pricing problem. But opening electricity market on generation makes power plants solute strategic bidding. This paper uses game theory and translates more-people game(or more times two-people game)into two-people game. On the other hand, because development of regional economic isn't balance, different users have different demands on power and different reliability. It isn't true that all users use one-class reliability. This paper points out priority pricing model based on different users.
引文
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