粉末冶金发泡铝的制备与性能研究
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摘要
泡沫金属是近几年发展起来的一种集结构—性能一体化的新型功能材料。早在20世纪50年代就开始研制，初期由于发泡工艺与泡孔大小不易控制，限制了其发展，近20多年来取得了长足进展。
本论文阐述了一种新的泡沫铝制备方法——粉体发泡法。其工艺原理为：把少量的发泡剂(TiH_2粉末)和AlSi6合金粉末均匀混合，然后通过冷压、烧结、热压三个步骤得到相对密度达95％以上的压坯。在一定温度下加热压坯使发泡剂分解产生气体而得到泡沫铝。制备的泡沫铝密度为0.5～0.8g／cm~3，平均孔径为2～5mm，孔隙率为50％～85％。分析讨论了试验工艺条件及工艺参数如混料条件、铝坯压缩条件和发泡时的发泡温度、保温时间和发泡剂的类型对泡沫铝孔结构的影响。研究了制备的泡沫铝在单向压缩下表现出的力学性能。同时建立了泡沫铝孔单元结构模型，得到了在简单模型下泡沫材料的孔隙率和线弹性变形时的应变与孔结构的关系。
研究结果表明，对于实验采用的AlSi6合金粉末来说，加热发泡制备出孔隙结构均匀，孔隙率可控的泡沫铝的最优条件是：采用质量百分含量为1％的—200目经预处理的TiH_2，发泡温度为680℃，保温时间为10min。
泡沫铝在压缩时表现出明显的变形三阶段，显示了其优越的吸能特性。
Metallic foam is a new kind of functional material with excellent properties and complex geometry. The idea of producing metallic foam was first investigated over fifty years ago, but its development was restricting for it's hard to control the cellular structure and the pore size. Only in the past twenty years a number of processes have been proven successful.
In this paper, a new method-powder foaming method-was bringing forward. Its technical principles is achieving the compressor which relative density can be over 95% by mixing a little blowing agents with AlSi6 powder uniformly, then through compressing, sintering , hot pressing and heating up the compressor to a extend temperature so that the blowing agents decompose H2. Aluminum foams with pore size ranging from 2~5mm, relative density ranging from 0.5~0.8g/cm3 and porosity ranging from 50%~85% have been fabricated successfully by this method. The processing parameters, the effect of the mixing, the pressing parameter, and the foaming temperature, the style of the blowing agents and heat preservation time on the pore constructor were analyzed. The mechanical capability in unilateralism compress of aluminum foams was studied. A cellular module was also established and the relationship of the porosity and the strain of linear-elastic deformation with the pore constructor were achieved.
The results show that the optimal processing of aluminum foams which have uniform structure and controlled porosity is that the blowing agents are -200 mu and which mass percentage is 1%, the foaming temperature is 680 C and heat preservation time is 10min.
Aluminum foams put up three phases and good energy absorption property when it was unilaterally compressed.
本论文阐述了一种新的泡沫铝制备方法——粉体发泡法。其工艺原理为：把少量的发泡剂(TiH_2粉末)和AlSi6合金粉末均匀混合，然后通过冷压、烧结、热压三个步骤得到相对密度达95％以上的压坯。在一定温度下加热压坯使发泡剂分解产生气体而得到泡沫铝。制备的泡沫铝密度为0.5～0.8g／cm~3，平均孔径为2～5mm，孔隙率为50％～85％。分析讨论了试验工艺条件及工艺参数如混料条件、铝坯压缩条件和发泡时的发泡温度、保温时间和发泡剂的类型对泡沫铝孔结构的影响。研究了制备的泡沫铝在单向压缩下表现出的力学性能。同时建立了泡沫铝孔单元结构模型，得到了在简单模型下泡沫材料的孔隙率和线弹性变形时的应变与孔结构的关系。
研究结果表明，对于实验采用的AlSi6合金粉末来说，加热发泡制备出孔隙结构均匀，孔隙率可控的泡沫铝的最优条件是：采用质量百分含量为1％的—200目经预处理的TiH_2，发泡温度为680℃，保温时间为10min。
泡沫铝在压缩时表现出明显的变形三阶段，显示了其优越的吸能特性。
Metallic foam is a new kind of functional material with excellent properties and complex geometry. The idea of producing metallic foam was first investigated over fifty years ago, but its development was restricting for it's hard to control the cellular structure and the pore size. Only in the past twenty years a number of processes have been proven successful.
In this paper, a new method-powder foaming method-was bringing forward. Its technical principles is achieving the compressor which relative density can be over 95% by mixing a little blowing agents with AlSi6 powder uniformly, then through compressing, sintering , hot pressing and heating up the compressor to a extend temperature so that the blowing agents decompose H2. Aluminum foams with pore size ranging from 2~5mm, relative density ranging from 0.5~0.8g/cm3 and porosity ranging from 50%~85% have been fabricated successfully by this method. The processing parameters, the effect of the mixing, the pressing parameter, and the foaming temperature, the style of the blowing agents and heat preservation time on the pore constructor were analyzed. The mechanical capability in unilateralism compress of aluminum foams was studied. A cellular module was also established and the relationship of the porosity and the strain of linear-elastic deformation with the pore constructor were achieved.
The results show that the optimal processing of aluminum foams which have uniform structure and controlled porosity is that the blowing agents are -200 mu and which mass percentage is 1%, the foaming temperature is 680 C and heat preservation time is 10min.
Aluminum foams put up three phases and good energy absorption property when it was unilaterally compressed.
引文
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