RSD开关特性及重频和间隙负载放电特性研究
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摘要
开关连接着脉冲压缩系统与负载,它的性能在一定程度上直接决定了系统输出脉冲功率的等级、形状和稳定程度等。RSD(Reversely Switched Dynistor),由于其特殊的结构及工作原理,很适合用作脉冲功率开关。目前在器件本身及其应用方面还存在一些亟待解决的问题。在几个国家自然科学基金的支持下,本学位论文对RSD器件及其应用进行了研究。
首先研究了RSD的通态峰值压降。通态峰值压降是表征器件损耗的一个重要参数。软件仿真分析了RSD通态峰值压降的影响因素,发现在外电路条件相同的情况下,器件的通态峰值压降随着n基区长度的增大和掺杂浓度的减小而增大。论文在RSD及磁开关相关理论的基础上,提出给RSD并联均压电阻以减少器件初始电压的方法来检测器件的通态峰值压降。通过理论推导和电路仿真,优化了电路参数,得到了保证电路可靠工作的参数,在一定开通电压下,得到器件的通态峰值压降。论文还研究了预充电流和RSD开通主电压对器件通态峰值压降的影响,发现预充越充足和开通主电压越小,RSD的通态峰值压降越小。
研究了RSD的重复频率运行。基于单片机控制触发晶闸管,RSD为谐振式预充,电容在自然充电的条件下,得到了RSD的重复运行特性,但该频率较低,分析发现电容的充电速度是限制器件运行频率提高的一个重要因素。为提高电容的充电速度,将倍压整流电路引入脉冲功率系统中,其原理是大电容给小电容充电,缩短了电容的充电时间。基于倍压整流电路充电,在主放电电压为1.2kV下得到了RSD在500Hz频率下的运行特性,电流电压波形均匀平滑,RSD运行可靠。随着RSD运行频率的不断提高,其关断时间必须加以考虑,后文进行了RSD关断时间的检测。
关断时间是决定器件运行上限频率的一个重要因素。为估算RSD运行的上限频率,论文研究并测得了RSD的关断时间。设计了RSD的关断检测平台,根据平台对主回路放电波形的要求,对电路结构和电路参数进行了改进和优化。在RSD传统开通电路的基础上,给RSD二次加电压,通过检测RSD上有无电流来判断器件是否关断,如有电流流过,说明器件未关断,反之器件已关断。单片机触发晶闸管控制平台工作,RSD基于谐振式触发。在1kV主放电电压下,得到RSD的关断时间约为49μs,且RSD的关断时间随着体内少子寿命的变长和放电主电压的增大而呈变长的趋势。
结合北京某工程应用,研究了RSD在间隙负载放电中的应用。首先研究了间隙负载的击穿特性,便与RSD配合使用。实验发现间隙负载的击穿需要一段时间延迟,在12kV电压下,负载的击穿时间约为30μs,负载的这个特性与磁开关非常相似,在电路中用负载代替部分或全部磁开关以隔离主电压,而磁开关在电路中的作用是阻碍预充电流分流,使其主要从RSD支路流过,以给RSD提供尽可能多的预充电荷。通过给变压器原边的晶闸管反并联二极管,给隔离电容上的电荷提供了即时泄放回路。论文在12kV的主放电电压下,得到峰值为5.5kA、脉宽为5μs的负载电流。该设计减少了主回路中磁开关的使用量,从而减少了主回路中由于磁开关引入的寄生电感。
Pulsed power switch is connects the pulse compression and load, so in a way the performance of switch directly determines the level of the output power, shape and stability, etc. RSD-Reversely Switched Dynistor, because of its special structure and working principle, is very suitable for pulse power switch. Still there are some urgent problems to be solved on the device itself and its application. So this thesis maked a series of related researches on RSD and its application under the help of several National Natural Science Foundation.
Firstly, the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD was studied in this thesis. The peak on-state voltage drop is an important parameter to characterizate device losses. The influence fator of peak on-state voltage drop of RSD was analysed through software simulation, and we found the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD increases as the n base area length increasing and n base area doping concentration decreasing. The thesis put forward to reduce the initial voltage on RSD device so as to detect the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD by paralleling the resistance to RSD based on the basis theory of RSD and magnetics switch. This thesis optimized the circuit parameters and the parameters which guarantees the circuit's reliable operation were received through theoretical analysis and circuit simulation, and the peak on-state voltage drop was received under a certain voltage level finally. The thesis also studied the relation of pre-charge current and main voltage between peak on-state voltage drop of RSD, and we found the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD decreases as the pre-charge current increasing and main voltage decreasing.
The thesis also studied the repetitive frequency operation of RSD. The repetitive operation characteristics of RSD was received under the conditions of thyristor triggered based on MCU, RSD pre-charged syntonically and capacitor charging in nature. However, this frequency is low. We found the charging rate of capacitor is an importance factor to limit the operation frequency to improve by analysis. To improve the charging rate of capacitor, we introduced the double voltage rectifier circuit to the pulsed power system. It's principle is to charge large capacitor to a small capacitor, reducing charging time. Based on the double voltage rectifier circuit charging, we received operating characteristics of RSD under 500Hz in the main discharge voltage of 1.2kV. The waveform is symmetrical and smooth, which shows RSD operates reliably. With the continuous improvement of operating frequency of RSD, the turn-off time of RSD and the speed of capacitor discharge must be considered, so we studied the turn-off characteristics of RSD later.
Off-time is an important factor to determine the maximum operating frequency of device. To estimate the maximum operating frequency of RSD, we studied the turn-off time of RSD by experiment in thesis. The turn-off testing platform was designed in this thesis and the circuit structure and circuit parameters were improved and optimized according to turn-off testing platform's demand to discharge waveform of the main circuit. On the basis of the traditional circuit of RSD, we gave the second applied voltage to RSD, then we can determine whether RSD shutdowns by detecting whether the current flows through RSD, if the current flows through RSD, indicating RSD is not turned off, otherwise RSD is turned off. The testing platform was controlled by thyristor trigged by MCU and RSD was pre-charged syntonically. The turn-off time of RSD is about 49μs under the main voltage of 1kV, and we found the turn-off time of RSD becomes longer as minority carrier lifetime increases and discharge voltage increases.
With an application requirement of Beijing project, we studied the application of RSD in the discharge of gap-load in this thesis. Firstly, the breakdown process of gap-load was studied so as to be used in conjunction with RSD. We found by experiments that the breakdown of gap-load takes some time delay, and the gap-load takes about 30μs to be brokendown, which is very similar to magnetic switch characteristics. So we consider using the load in the circuit instead of part or all of magnetic switch in order to achieve the purpose of isolating the main voltage and magnetic switch in the circuit is used to hinder pre-charge current to flow through main capacitor, which makes the pre-charge current mainly flow through RSD as to provide RSD as much as possible pre-charge charge. To provide the charge on the isolating capacitor immediate relief circuit, a diode was anti-paralleled with the thyristor on the transformer primary side. Finally, we got the load current with the peak value of 5.5kA, the current pulse width of 5μs under the main voltage of 12kV. The main circuit designed reduces the use of magnetic switch, thereby reducing the inductance introduced by magnetic switch in main circuit.
首先研究了RSD的通态峰值压降。通态峰值压降是表征器件损耗的一个重要参数。软件仿真分析了RSD通态峰值压降的影响因素,发现在外电路条件相同的情况下,器件的通态峰值压降随着n基区长度的增大和掺杂浓度的减小而增大。论文在RSD及磁开关相关理论的基础上,提出给RSD并联均压电阻以减少器件初始电压的方法来检测器件的通态峰值压降。通过理论推导和电路仿真,优化了电路参数,得到了保证电路可靠工作的参数,在一定开通电压下,得到器件的通态峰值压降。论文还研究了预充电流和RSD开通主电压对器件通态峰值压降的影响,发现预充越充足和开通主电压越小,RSD的通态峰值压降越小。
研究了RSD的重复频率运行。基于单片机控制触发晶闸管,RSD为谐振式预充,电容在自然充电的条件下,得到了RSD的重复运行特性,但该频率较低,分析发现电容的充电速度是限制器件运行频率提高的一个重要因素。为提高电容的充电速度,将倍压整流电路引入脉冲功率系统中,其原理是大电容给小电容充电,缩短了电容的充电时间。基于倍压整流电路充电,在主放电电压为1.2kV下得到了RSD在500Hz频率下的运行特性,电流电压波形均匀平滑,RSD运行可靠。随着RSD运行频率的不断提高,其关断时间必须加以考虑,后文进行了RSD关断时间的检测。
关断时间是决定器件运行上限频率的一个重要因素。为估算RSD运行的上限频率,论文研究并测得了RSD的关断时间。设计了RSD的关断检测平台,根据平台对主回路放电波形的要求,对电路结构和电路参数进行了改进和优化。在RSD传统开通电路的基础上,给RSD二次加电压,通过检测RSD上有无电流来判断器件是否关断,如有电流流过,说明器件未关断,反之器件已关断。单片机触发晶闸管控制平台工作,RSD基于谐振式触发。在1kV主放电电压下,得到RSD的关断时间约为49μs,且RSD的关断时间随着体内少子寿命的变长和放电主电压的增大而呈变长的趋势。
结合北京某工程应用,研究了RSD在间隙负载放电中的应用。首先研究了间隙负载的击穿特性,便与RSD配合使用。实验发现间隙负载的击穿需要一段时间延迟,在12kV电压下,负载的击穿时间约为30μs,负载的这个特性与磁开关非常相似,在电路中用负载代替部分或全部磁开关以隔离主电压,而磁开关在电路中的作用是阻碍预充电流分流,使其主要从RSD支路流过,以给RSD提供尽可能多的预充电荷。通过给变压器原边的晶闸管反并联二极管,给隔离电容上的电荷提供了即时泄放回路。论文在12kV的主放电电压下,得到峰值为5.5kA、脉宽为5μs的负载电流。该设计减少了主回路中磁开关的使用量,从而减少了主回路中由于磁开关引入的寄生电感。
Pulsed power switch is connects the pulse compression and load, so in a way the performance of switch directly determines the level of the output power, shape and stability, etc. RSD-Reversely Switched Dynistor, because of its special structure and working principle, is very suitable for pulse power switch. Still there are some urgent problems to be solved on the device itself and its application. So this thesis maked a series of related researches on RSD and its application under the help of several National Natural Science Foundation.
Firstly, the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD was studied in this thesis. The peak on-state voltage drop is an important parameter to characterizate device losses. The influence fator of peak on-state voltage drop of RSD was analysed through software simulation, and we found the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD increases as the n base area length increasing and n base area doping concentration decreasing. The thesis put forward to reduce the initial voltage on RSD device so as to detect the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD by paralleling the resistance to RSD based on the basis theory of RSD and magnetics switch. This thesis optimized the circuit parameters and the parameters which guarantees the circuit's reliable operation were received through theoretical analysis and circuit simulation, and the peak on-state voltage drop was received under a certain voltage level finally. The thesis also studied the relation of pre-charge current and main voltage between peak on-state voltage drop of RSD, and we found the peak on-state voltage drop of RSD decreases as the pre-charge current increasing and main voltage decreasing.
The thesis also studied the repetitive frequency operation of RSD. The repetitive operation characteristics of RSD was received under the conditions of thyristor triggered based on MCU, RSD pre-charged syntonically and capacitor charging in nature. However, this frequency is low. We found the charging rate of capacitor is an importance factor to limit the operation frequency to improve by analysis. To improve the charging rate of capacitor, we introduced the double voltage rectifier circuit to the pulsed power system. It's principle is to charge large capacitor to a small capacitor, reducing charging time. Based on the double voltage rectifier circuit charging, we received operating characteristics of RSD under 500Hz in the main discharge voltage of 1.2kV. The waveform is symmetrical and smooth, which shows RSD operates reliably. With the continuous improvement of operating frequency of RSD, the turn-off time of RSD and the speed of capacitor discharge must be considered, so we studied the turn-off characteristics of RSD later.
Off-time is an important factor to determine the maximum operating frequency of device. To estimate the maximum operating frequency of RSD, we studied the turn-off time of RSD by experiment in thesis. The turn-off testing platform was designed in this thesis and the circuit structure and circuit parameters were improved and optimized according to turn-off testing platform's demand to discharge waveform of the main circuit. On the basis of the traditional circuit of RSD, we gave the second applied voltage to RSD, then we can determine whether RSD shutdowns by detecting whether the current flows through RSD, if the current flows through RSD, indicating RSD is not turned off, otherwise RSD is turned off. The testing platform was controlled by thyristor trigged by MCU and RSD was pre-charged syntonically. The turn-off time of RSD is about 49μs under the main voltage of 1kV, and we found the turn-off time of RSD becomes longer as minority carrier lifetime increases and discharge voltage increases.
With an application requirement of Beijing project, we studied the application of RSD in the discharge of gap-load in this thesis. Firstly, the breakdown process of gap-load was studied so as to be used in conjunction with RSD. We found by experiments that the breakdown of gap-load takes some time delay, and the gap-load takes about 30μs to be brokendown, which is very similar to magnetic switch characteristics. So we consider using the load in the circuit instead of part or all of magnetic switch in order to achieve the purpose of isolating the main voltage and magnetic switch in the circuit is used to hinder pre-charge current to flow through main capacitor, which makes the pre-charge current mainly flow through RSD as to provide RSD as much as possible pre-charge charge. To provide the charge on the isolating capacitor immediate relief circuit, a diode was anti-paralleled with the thyristor on the transformer primary side. Finally, we got the load current with the peak value of 5.5kA, the current pulse width of 5μs under the main voltage of 12kV. The main circuit designed reduces the use of magnetic switch, thereby reducing the inductance introduced by magnetic switch in main circuit.
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