单元式自清洗过滤器控制系统的研究
摘要
水是人类最重要的资源,人类的生存离不开水。通过对污水的处理和利用,不仅可以减小污水对环境所造成的危害,同时也是解决水资源短缺的重要途径。过滤是水处理过程中基本而又重要的环节。本文针对目前各种自清洗过滤器的不足,研究了使用小型过滤单元构成自清洗过滤系统的原理,并开发了基于单片机的控制系统。
本文研究了过滤器的过滤机理,分析了引起过滤质量下降的原因。根据达西定理,提出了利用检测进出水之间的压力差来控制过滤器自清洗的理论,并据此提出使用小型过滤单元构成过滤系统的技术,分析了单个过滤单元过滤和反冲洗两个不同的工作状态,研究了通过轮流切换过滤单元的工作状态,达到过滤系统实时不间断供水和自清洗的方法。
按照增大过滤容量、实时不间断供水、减小制造难度和降低制造成本的目标,研究了单元式自清洗过滤器的控制原理。依照功能划分,将控制系统分为状态检测模块、控制执行模块、通信模块和配置模块四个部分,进行了可行性分析和方案选择。
本文介绍了MSP430单片机的总体性能和主要技术特点,设计了各个模块的硬件电路。针对单片机输入输出端口数量少的情况,本文研究了并行、串行端口扩展方法,并使用MAX7301通用端口扩展芯片,基于SPI串行协议扩展了单片机的端口数量。本文使用固态继电器作为功率接口,介绍了固态继电器的工作原理和主要特点,设计了固态继电器应用电路。
本文对控制系统软件进行了功能分析和模块划分,使用Embedded Workbench集成开发工具,完成了各功能模块的开发和调试工作。
本课题己与大连奥克设备有限公司合作,完成了整个过滤系统的生产和制造。经过实际运行和测试,证明系统运行可靠,设计正确,达到预期目的。
Water is the most important resource to human. Men can not survive without water. By reusing the treated sewage, men can not only reduce the harm caused by the effluent to the environment, but also find an important way to solve the shortage of water resource. Filtering is a basic and important process in water treatment. To solve the defects of filters at present, this paper studies the theory of self-cleaning filtration system consisted of small self-cleaning filtration modules, and develops a controller based on microprocessor.This paper studies the mechanism of filtration, analyses the reasons for the decline in the quality of a filter. According to Darcy theorem, this paper introduces a solution which controls the filter's self-cleaning operation by monitoring the pressure difference between in and out water. Based on this theory, the paper introduces the technique of manufacture filtration system by using self-cleaning filtration modules, analyses the two different work status of individual filtration modules, studies the theory of shifting the work status of filtration modules to implement the continual clean water supply and self-cleaning on line.In order to enlarge filtration capacity, real-time supply water, reduce the manufacturing difficulties and cost, this paper analyses the control theory of self-cleaning module filter. In terms of function, the system is divided into four modules: status monitor module, control & performance module, communication module, and configuration module. This paper analyses the feasibility of the project and makes a final choice.This paper introduces the overall performance and main characters of MSP430F123, designs hardware circuits of various modules. For lack of IO ports of MCU, this paper studies the serial and parallel IO ports expending methods, and provides a solution which using MAX7301 to expand IO ports based on SPI protocols. This paper uses SSR as power interface, introduces the operating principles and main features of SSR, and designs the application circuit.This paper analyses the software's function and compartmentalizes it to modules, completes the development and debug work with the integrated development tools: Embedded Workbench.Under the cooperation with DALIAN AUTO-FILTER EQUIPMENT LTD., we have finished the manufacture of filtration system. With practical operation and test, the system has been proved reliable and robust;the design is correct and attains its expectd goals.
本文研究了过滤器的过滤机理,分析了引起过滤质量下降的原因。根据达西定理,提出了利用检测进出水之间的压力差来控制过滤器自清洗的理论,并据此提出使用小型过滤单元构成过滤系统的技术,分析了单个过滤单元过滤和反冲洗两个不同的工作状态,研究了通过轮流切换过滤单元的工作状态,达到过滤系统实时不间断供水和自清洗的方法。
按照增大过滤容量、实时不间断供水、减小制造难度和降低制造成本的目标,研究了单元式自清洗过滤器的控制原理。依照功能划分,将控制系统分为状态检测模块、控制执行模块、通信模块和配置模块四个部分,进行了可行性分析和方案选择。
本文介绍了MSP430单片机的总体性能和主要技术特点,设计了各个模块的硬件电路。针对单片机输入输出端口数量少的情况,本文研究了并行、串行端口扩展方法,并使用MAX7301通用端口扩展芯片,基于SPI串行协议扩展了单片机的端口数量。本文使用固态继电器作为功率接口,介绍了固态继电器的工作原理和主要特点,设计了固态继电器应用电路。
本文对控制系统软件进行了功能分析和模块划分,使用Embedded Workbench集成开发工具,完成了各功能模块的开发和调试工作。
本课题己与大连奥克设备有限公司合作,完成了整个过滤系统的生产和制造。经过实际运行和测试,证明系统运行可靠,设计正确,达到预期目的。
Water is the most important resource to human. Men can not survive without water. By reusing the treated sewage, men can not only reduce the harm caused by the effluent to the environment, but also find an important way to solve the shortage of water resource. Filtering is a basic and important process in water treatment. To solve the defects of filters at present, this paper studies the theory of self-cleaning filtration system consisted of small self-cleaning filtration modules, and develops a controller based on microprocessor.This paper studies the mechanism of filtration, analyses the reasons for the decline in the quality of a filter. According to Darcy theorem, this paper introduces a solution which controls the filter's self-cleaning operation by monitoring the pressure difference between in and out water. Based on this theory, the paper introduces the technique of manufacture filtration system by using self-cleaning filtration modules, analyses the two different work status of individual filtration modules, studies the theory of shifting the work status of filtration modules to implement the continual clean water supply and self-cleaning on line.In order to enlarge filtration capacity, real-time supply water, reduce the manufacturing difficulties and cost, this paper analyses the control theory of self-cleaning module filter. In terms of function, the system is divided into four modules: status monitor module, control & performance module, communication module, and configuration module. This paper analyses the feasibility of the project and makes a final choice.This paper introduces the overall performance and main characters of MSP430F123, designs hardware circuits of various modules. For lack of IO ports of MCU, this paper studies the serial and parallel IO ports expending methods, and provides a solution which using MAX7301 to expand IO ports based on SPI protocols. This paper uses SSR as power interface, introduces the operating principles and main features of SSR, and designs the application circuit.This paper analyses the software's function and compartmentalizes it to modules, completes the development and debug work with the integrated development tools: Embedded Workbench.Under the cooperation with DALIAN AUTO-FILTER EQUIPMENT LTD., we have finished the manufacture of filtration system. With practical operation and test, the system has been proved reliable and robust;the design is correct and attains its expectd goals.
引文
[1] 陆柱,蔡兰坤,丛梅.给水与用水处理技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[2] 丁启圣,五维一.新型实用过滤技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
[3] 张林生.水的深度处理与回用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[4] Jan Hermene. Auto-line Filter: Self-cleaning, Continuous Filtration System. Filter& Separation. 2002(9): 28-30.
[5] http://www. arkal. com. cn
[6] 姚竞红,严国祥.自动循环反冲式清水过滤器的应用.中国设备工程,2003(3):31-32.
[7] 于静辉,李清德,邢晓.自动反冲洗过滤器控制系统的改进.液压与气动,2002(12):44-45.
[8] 文棋.全自动自清洗过滤器过滤机理分析及控制系统研究:(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[9] 文棋,孟剑,郑传祥.全自动自清洗水过滤器的开发.化工设备与防腐蚀,2003(5):20-22.
[10] Texas Instruments MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide http://www.ti.com,2004.
[11] 魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[12] 胡大可.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[13] Walls, E. Port expander for a microprocessor, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin,1984 27(4):1947-1948.
[14] 尤一鸣.单片机总线扩展技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.
[15] 汪建,孙开放.80C196单片机并行I/O端口扩展方法.微处理机,1999(8):62-64.
[16] 闻武,孙进生.用CPLD器件扩展单片机的接口.河北理工学院学报,2002,24(2):139-143.
[17] 郑春华,张杰,李东.单片机应用系统的CPLD应用设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003(7):16-19.
[18] 刘强,何丽华.串行总线接口器件在嵌入式系统中的应用.自动化技术与应用,2004,23(1):66-68.
[19] I~2C BUS SOLUTIONS. PHILIPS LTD.
[20] 黄玉燕.I~2C总线器件扩展单片机的接口.集美大学学报,2001,6(2):63-66.
[21] 罗宏浩,刘少克.MICROWIRE总线与SPI总线的接口设计与应用.计算机测量与控制,2004,12(3):278-300.
[22] SPI Block User Guide V02.06. Motorola Inc, 2002.
[23] 姚成虎,王磊.同步串行扩展总线接口在单片机测控系统中的应用.工业仪表与自动化装置,2004(2):44-46.
[24] MAXIM. 4-Wire-Interfaced, 2.5V to 5.5V, 20-Port and 28-Port I/O Expander, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. http://www.maxim-ic, com 2004
[25] 张林.固态继电器及其应用.合肥联合大学学报,1999,9(3):99-104.
[26] 彭建,刘跃.固态继电器及其在其应用中一些问题的探讨.贵州工业大学学报,2000,29(6):64-70.
[27] 曹大平,朱永民.交流输入型固态继电器研究.机电元件,2003(6):22-25.
[28] Solid State Relays. Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. http://www. nais-e. com, 2003.
[29] 张毅刚,彭喜元,姜守达等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.
[30] MAX3221 3V TO 5.5V SINGL-CHANNEL RS-232 LINE DRIVER/RECEIVER. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,http://www.ti. com. 2001.
[31] 马耿 张军 贾丙帅.测控系统的RS485总线研究.济南大学学报,2004,18(4):328-331.
[32] AS1117 DATASHEET. ALPHA SEMICONDUCTOR. http://www. alpha-semi. com.
[33] MAXIM 3-Pin Microprocessor Reset circuits. Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.http://www. maxim-ic. com.
[34] 王幸之,王雷,翟成.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[2] 丁启圣,五维一.新型实用过滤技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
[3] 张林生.水的深度处理与回用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[4] Jan Hermene. Auto-line Filter: Self-cleaning, Continuous Filtration System. Filter& Separation. 2002(9): 28-30.
[5] http://www. arkal. com. cn
[6] 姚竞红,严国祥.自动循环反冲式清水过滤器的应用.中国设备工程,2003(3):31-32.
[7] 于静辉,李清德,邢晓.自动反冲洗过滤器控制系统的改进.液压与气动,2002(12):44-45.
[8] 文棋.全自动自清洗过滤器过滤机理分析及控制系统研究:(硕士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2004.
[9] 文棋,孟剑,郑传祥.全自动自清洗水过滤器的开发.化工设备与防腐蚀,2003(5):20-22.
[10] Texas Instruments MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide http://www.ti.com,2004.
[11] 魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[12] 胡大可.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[13] Walls, E. Port expander for a microprocessor, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin,1984 27(4):1947-1948.
[14] 尤一鸣.单片机总线扩展技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993.
[15] 汪建,孙开放.80C196单片机并行I/O端口扩展方法.微处理机,1999(8):62-64.
[16] 闻武,孙进生.用CPLD器件扩展单片机的接口.河北理工学院学报,2002,24(2):139-143.
[17] 郑春华,张杰,李东.单片机应用系统的CPLD应用设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003(7):16-19.
[18] 刘强,何丽华.串行总线接口器件在嵌入式系统中的应用.自动化技术与应用,2004,23(1):66-68.
[19] I~2C BUS SOLUTIONS. PHILIPS LTD.
[20] 黄玉燕.I~2C总线器件扩展单片机的接口.集美大学学报,2001,6(2):63-66.
[21] 罗宏浩,刘少克.MICROWIRE总线与SPI总线的接口设计与应用.计算机测量与控制,2004,12(3):278-300.
[22] SPI Block User Guide V02.06. Motorola Inc, 2002.
[23] 姚成虎,王磊.同步串行扩展总线接口在单片机测控系统中的应用.工业仪表与自动化装置,2004(2):44-46.
[24] MAXIM. 4-Wire-Interfaced, 2.5V to 5.5V, 20-Port and 28-Port I/O Expander, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. http://www.maxim-ic, com 2004
[25] 张林.固态继电器及其应用.合肥联合大学学报,1999,9(3):99-104.
[26] 彭建,刘跃.固态继电器及其在其应用中一些问题的探讨.贵州工业大学学报,2000,29(6):64-70.
[27] 曹大平,朱永民.交流输入型固态继电器研究.机电元件,2003(6):22-25.
[28] Solid State Relays. Matsushita Electric Works Ltd. http://www. nais-e. com, 2003.
[29] 张毅刚,彭喜元,姜守达等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.
[30] MAX3221 3V TO 5.5V SINGL-CHANNEL RS-232 LINE DRIVER/RECEIVER. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,http://www.ti. com. 2001.
[31] 马耿 张军 贾丙帅.测控系统的RS485总线研究.济南大学学报,2004,18(4):328-331.
[32] AS1117 DATASHEET. ALPHA SEMICONDUCTOR. http://www. alpha-semi. com.
[33] MAXIM 3-Pin Microprocessor Reset circuits. Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.http://www. maxim-ic. com.
[34] 王幸之,王雷,翟成.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.