基于SimuLog语言的水电站仿真平台研究及实现
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摘要
二十一世纪以来,科学技术飞速发展,系统仿真技术日渐成熟,完整的系统仿真学科体系已经形成。仿真技术在国内外多个领域取得了飞速的发展,应用越来越广泛,包括电网、变电站、核电、火电、化工、航天等领域,部分领域达到了国际先进水平。
目前,我国水电仿真技术还比较落后,缺少成熟、通用的产品。伴随着近十来年水电建设的大发展,从业人员大幅增加,新员工培训任务加重,一大批大型、特大型机组投运,水电在电网中的比重增大,安全性要求、复杂程度均大幅提高。研究通用的水电站培训仿真平台,变得极为迫切。
作者研究了常见的仿真建模方法,采用源于大的复杂系统分解的模块化建模思路。在连续系统的计算机仿真中,主要的数值计算工作是对微分方程(或状态方程)求解。本文分析了模型求解的几种数值积分法,选择更为实用、通用性更强的离散相似法作为传递函数、状态方程的数值解法,给出了典型环节的离散相似模型,在此基础上,结合模块化建模思想,提出并采用了面向结构图的建模方法。这种建模方法不仅适用于线性系统,还可应用于非线性系统。
计算机仿真系统需要对水电站整个生产过程进行模拟仿真,建设与实际水电站相似的“数字水电站”。本文通过对水电站设备进行分类,建立了模型框架体系,重点分析了水轮发电机的建模原理,通过派克方程,建立发电机的基本方程。此外,本文还简要描述了调速器模型、励磁系统模型、引水系统模型、水轮机模型等。
水电站计算机仿真系统需要将上述算法、数学方程用计算机能识别的方式进行描述,并以计算机软件的方式加以实现。传统仿真程序包的模型软件具有较大的弊端,而采用仿真语言可以使建模人员将精力集中于所研究仿真对象。本文在国内开创性地采用了国产仿真语言SimuLog (Simulation Log,缩写为SimuLog,一种通用仿真语言,作者导师自主研发的成果),首先阐述了SimuLog的重要意义,并在导师原有研究成果基础上进一步完善了描述语言的语法规则、编译器和解析器,提出了SimuLog优化设计方案。在此基础上对典型环节、水轮发电机模型进行了解析运行,证明了SimuLog正确、可信赖。
本文在国内首次完整地采用与监控系统一体化设计运行的平台支撑技术,完成了OTS2000(Operator Training Simulation,缩写为OTS,操作员培训仿真)的软件总体架构设计、功能设计、数据库结构设计,并对OTS2000软件平台进行了实现。此外,本文还对海量数据存储与工况再现、数据库中间件、学员动态分组等技术进行讨论。本文对先进的智能考核评分系统进行了详细描述。
本文最后结合瀑布沟运行仿真项目对OTS2000加以应用。针对国内大型数字水电仿真项目成功经验不足的现状,描述仿真项目实施过程中的具体问题,包括应搜集的技术资料、联合开发内容、流程描述模板、统一命名规则等,对于其他仿真项目的实施,具有一定的借鉴意义,使OTS2000在实践中得到检验。
With the development of technologies, the subject of System Simulation has become relatively mature in the21st century. Simulation technologies, due to their effectiveness, reproducibility, economical efficiency and security, are of increasing significance. They have been successfully applied to various areas in China and abroad, e.g., the transformer substation, the power grid, the thermal power, nuclear power, chemical industry, and aerospace engineering. After the steady development, simulation technologies in China have reached internationally advanced levels in some areas.
Nevertheless, simulation technologies are still weak in the hydropower industry in China, lacking of mature and universal products. Meanwhile, with the intensive hydropower construction in the last decade, the number of employees in this industry has increased and continuely increases dramatically. The training on the new employees becomes greatly overloaded. Furthermore, the launch of large amount of large-scale and oversize units leads to a prominent increase in the proportion of such units in the power network, resulting in stricter security requirements and more complexities. Therefore, it is of crucial significance to study universal simulation platforms for training hydropower personnels.
This thesis studies commonly used methods for simulation and modeling, and proposes a modularized modeling method based on decomposition of large and complex systems. In the digital simulation for continuous systems, the major numerical computations derive from solving first-order differential equations (or state equations). We analyze several numerical methods for integration in modeling solving, and choose the discrete similar method, characterized by its practicality and universality, for numerically solving the model of transfer and state equations. This results in a discrete similar model of typical links. Combining the idea of modularized modeling, we propose and apply the structure-diagram-oriented modeling, which is applicable to both linear and non-linear systems.
For the computer simulation system, we need to simulate the whole production process of hydropower stations and construct a "digital hydropower station" corresponding to the real one. This thesis builds a system of the modeling framework by classifying equipment in hydropower stations and focusing on the modeling principles of hydro-generators. The basis equations for generators are established by using the Park equation, and several practical problems in the application of basic equations are further discussed. In addition, we also briefly describe several models including those for speed governors, excitation systems, diversion systems, and turbines.
As a computer simulation system for hydropower stations, we describe the above algorithms and mathematical equations in a recognizable way for computers, and implement them in software. Traditional models for simulation packages being inapplicable, the simulation language enables the modelers to focus on the simulated objects of interests. This thesis applies the user-defined model description language "SimuLog" for the first time in China. After stating of the significance of SimuLog, we describe the grammatical rules, compilers, and resolvers for this language based on existing work, and propose an optimized designing scheme for SimuLog. In particular, we perform the analytic operation for the established model of hydro-generators.
In this thesis we systematically apply, for the first time, the platform supportive technology whose design and operation is integrated with the monitoring system, and complete the designing for the overall infrastructure, functions, and database structure of the software. Furthermore, we also discuss the storage and condition reconstruction of mass data, the database middleware, and dynamic classification of the trainees. We implement the OTS2000software platform, and provide a detailed description for an advanced system for intelligent evaluation and scoring.
At the end of the thesis, we apply OTS2000to the simulation project for Pubugou hydropower station. Despite of the lack of experience of domestic projects in large-scale digital hydropower simulation, we briefly describe several specific problems arising in the implementation of this simulation project, including technical materials collection, jointly developed contents, process description templates, and uniform naming rules. These aspects, verified in our OTS2000implementation, may serve as references for the implementation of other simulation projects.
目前,我国水电仿真技术还比较落后,缺少成熟、通用的产品。伴随着近十来年水电建设的大发展,从业人员大幅增加,新员工培训任务加重,一大批大型、特大型机组投运,水电在电网中的比重增大,安全性要求、复杂程度均大幅提高。研究通用的水电站培训仿真平台,变得极为迫切。
作者研究了常见的仿真建模方法,采用源于大的复杂系统分解的模块化建模思路。在连续系统的计算机仿真中,主要的数值计算工作是对微分方程(或状态方程)求解。本文分析了模型求解的几种数值积分法,选择更为实用、通用性更强的离散相似法作为传递函数、状态方程的数值解法,给出了典型环节的离散相似模型,在此基础上,结合模块化建模思想,提出并采用了面向结构图的建模方法。这种建模方法不仅适用于线性系统,还可应用于非线性系统。
计算机仿真系统需要对水电站整个生产过程进行模拟仿真,建设与实际水电站相似的“数字水电站”。本文通过对水电站设备进行分类,建立了模型框架体系,重点分析了水轮发电机的建模原理,通过派克方程,建立发电机的基本方程。此外,本文还简要描述了调速器模型、励磁系统模型、引水系统模型、水轮机模型等。
水电站计算机仿真系统需要将上述算法、数学方程用计算机能识别的方式进行描述,并以计算机软件的方式加以实现。传统仿真程序包的模型软件具有较大的弊端,而采用仿真语言可以使建模人员将精力集中于所研究仿真对象。本文在国内开创性地采用了国产仿真语言SimuLog (Simulation Log,缩写为SimuLog,一种通用仿真语言,作者导师自主研发的成果),首先阐述了SimuLog的重要意义,并在导师原有研究成果基础上进一步完善了描述语言的语法规则、编译器和解析器,提出了SimuLog优化设计方案。在此基础上对典型环节、水轮发电机模型进行了解析运行,证明了SimuLog正确、可信赖。
本文在国内首次完整地采用与监控系统一体化设计运行的平台支撑技术,完成了OTS2000(Operator Training Simulation,缩写为OTS,操作员培训仿真)的软件总体架构设计、功能设计、数据库结构设计,并对OTS2000软件平台进行了实现。此外,本文还对海量数据存储与工况再现、数据库中间件、学员动态分组等技术进行讨论。本文对先进的智能考核评分系统进行了详细描述。
本文最后结合瀑布沟运行仿真项目对OTS2000加以应用。针对国内大型数字水电仿真项目成功经验不足的现状,描述仿真项目实施过程中的具体问题,包括应搜集的技术资料、联合开发内容、流程描述模板、统一命名规则等,对于其他仿真项目的实施,具有一定的借鉴意义,使OTS2000在实践中得到检验。
With the development of technologies, the subject of System Simulation has become relatively mature in the21st century. Simulation technologies, due to their effectiveness, reproducibility, economical efficiency and security, are of increasing significance. They have been successfully applied to various areas in China and abroad, e.g., the transformer substation, the power grid, the thermal power, nuclear power, chemical industry, and aerospace engineering. After the steady development, simulation technologies in China have reached internationally advanced levels in some areas.
Nevertheless, simulation technologies are still weak in the hydropower industry in China, lacking of mature and universal products. Meanwhile, with the intensive hydropower construction in the last decade, the number of employees in this industry has increased and continuely increases dramatically. The training on the new employees becomes greatly overloaded. Furthermore, the launch of large amount of large-scale and oversize units leads to a prominent increase in the proportion of such units in the power network, resulting in stricter security requirements and more complexities. Therefore, it is of crucial significance to study universal simulation platforms for training hydropower personnels.
This thesis studies commonly used methods for simulation and modeling, and proposes a modularized modeling method based on decomposition of large and complex systems. In the digital simulation for continuous systems, the major numerical computations derive from solving first-order differential equations (or state equations). We analyze several numerical methods for integration in modeling solving, and choose the discrete similar method, characterized by its practicality and universality, for numerically solving the model of transfer and state equations. This results in a discrete similar model of typical links. Combining the idea of modularized modeling, we propose and apply the structure-diagram-oriented modeling, which is applicable to both linear and non-linear systems.
For the computer simulation system, we need to simulate the whole production process of hydropower stations and construct a "digital hydropower station" corresponding to the real one. This thesis builds a system of the modeling framework by classifying equipment in hydropower stations and focusing on the modeling principles of hydro-generators. The basis equations for generators are established by using the Park equation, and several practical problems in the application of basic equations are further discussed. In addition, we also briefly describe several models including those for speed governors, excitation systems, diversion systems, and turbines.
As a computer simulation system for hydropower stations, we describe the above algorithms and mathematical equations in a recognizable way for computers, and implement them in software. Traditional models for simulation packages being inapplicable, the simulation language enables the modelers to focus on the simulated objects of interests. This thesis applies the user-defined model description language "SimuLog" for the first time in China. After stating of the significance of SimuLog, we describe the grammatical rules, compilers, and resolvers for this language based on existing work, and propose an optimized designing scheme for SimuLog. In particular, we perform the analytic operation for the established model of hydro-generators.
In this thesis we systematically apply, for the first time, the platform supportive technology whose design and operation is integrated with the monitoring system, and complete the designing for the overall infrastructure, functions, and database structure of the software. Furthermore, we also discuss the storage and condition reconstruction of mass data, the database middleware, and dynamic classification of the trainees. We implement the OTS2000software platform, and provide a detailed description for an advanced system for intelligent evaluation and scoring.
At the end of the thesis, we apply OTS2000to the simulation project for Pubugou hydropower station. Despite of the lack of experience of domestic projects in large-scale digital hydropower simulation, we briefly describe several specific problems arising in the implementation of this simulation project, including technical materials collection, jointly developed contents, process description templates, and uniform naming rules. These aspects, verified in our OTS2000implementation, may serve as references for the implementation of other simulation projects.
引文
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