全光纤滤波技术研究
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摘要
随着宽可调谐激光光源、全波光纤和超宽带光放大器的出现，密集波分复用日益成为光纤通信的主流技术，作为复用/解复用器核心的光滤波技术备受关注。单信道速率不断提高以及网络拓扑由单一的点对点传输向可上下载的环网和可动态选择波长路由的智能型格形光网络演进，对光滤波器的常规性能指标、时域特性和动态可调谐特性提出了更加苛刻的要求，鉴于此，本论文全面研究了全光纤熔锥型奇偶交错滤波技术、数字光滤波技术、基于G-T全通滤波器的奇偶交错滤波技术以及熔锥型全波耦合器和偏振泵浦合波器。内容包括：
1. 首次开发出了连续精确熔拉两个3dB耦合器和准确控制干涉臂长差的新工艺，使滤波器的隔离度达到了15.7dB。对耦合器分光比精度和干涉臂扭转应力对器件隔离度的影响做了理论分析和实验研究。提出了多个耦合器级联并令耦合器的分光比按一定规律分布来降低旁瓣提高隔离度的技术方案，并做了数值模拟。
2. 对全光纤反射式奇偶交错滤波器进行了理论分析和数值模拟，发现当两个耦合器的分光比均为15％时产生了平顶高隔离度的通带频响特性，做了相关实验，结果与理论分析基本符合。
3. 将成熟的电子学里的格型数字滤波器的概念和设计算法移植到光学滤波器，给出了根据目标滤波传递函数求解光格型阵列具体参数的算法。用傅立叶级数展开数值逼近的方法进行了高隔离度平顶通带频响全光纤奇偶交错滤波器的优化设计，提出了隔离度大于45dB通带平坦滤波器的制作方案。
4. 对基于光全通滤波技术的奇偶交错滤波器进行了理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究工作。详细分析了滤波器的群时延特性和色散特性，讨论了该滤波器的动态可调谐性质。
5. 首次提出熔锥型全波耦合器的概念，应用耦合模理论对器件的耦合机理做了详尽的分析，得出了在模传播常数失配的情况下耦合器分光比带宽增加的结论。提出了非对称熔拉带宽拓展工艺，并应用自行研制的拉锥机制作了全波耦合器，其带宽达到了390nm（1260-1650nm），覆盖了光通信系统的O+E+S+C+L波段，均匀性1dB；附加损耗0.1dB。最后专门针对全波耦合器的偏振相关损耗（PDL）特性进行了研究，得到了降低PDL的具体方案并经过了实验验证。另外研制了全光纤偏振泵浦合波器，消光比达到了16.5dB。
As the key component of multiplexer/demultiplexer, optical filter technology has been fueling great interest with the emergence of wide range tunable laser source, all-wave fiber, and wide band optical amplifiers, which is promoting DWDM to a leading edge of optical fiber communication. The increasing of single channel capacities and evolution of optical networks topology, from simple point-to-point to intelligent optical networks, call for strict demands to optical filters. In this paper, the crucial technologies of optical filters such as Interleaver, optical digital filter, fused biconical taper all-wave coupler as well as polarization-pump combiner have been studied experimentally and theoretically, which include:
1. A new process, cascaded FBT (fused biconical taper) with precise control as well as strict interference arm length difference, is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. The influences of couple ratio accuracy and twist stress of interference arms on device's isolation have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The isolation can reach about 17.5dB. At the same time, the design of cascaded coupler with a given ratio distribution is proposed, which can lead to higher isolation by suppressing sidelobe.
2. According to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the Interleaver can show flat-top and high isolation pass band characteristic when the two couplers' ratio is assigned to 15 percent. The experiment demonstrates that the simulated calculations are in good agreement with experimental results.
. The conception and algorithm simulation of lattice digital filter in electronics are transplanted into optical filter, with a novice algorithm to resolve optical lattice array concrete parameter. Based on the Fourier series digital approximation method, the optimal design of flat-top and high isolation pass band frequency response Interleaver has been studied. At last a solution of high isolation ( >45dB )
3 and flat pass band is introduced according to all fiber Interleaver scheme.
4 . By theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment research, the Interleaver based on optical all-pass filter technique is investigated. Group delay and dispersion characters are analyzed according to the above filter. In addition, the dynamic tunable feature is discussed.
5 . All-wave coupler is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. This paper, on the basis of coupled-mode equations, analyzed the bandwidth characteristic of asymmetric FBT coupler, proposed and proved a solution of all-wave coupler (O+E+S+C+L band). We also succeeded in making all-wave couplers with a bandwidth of 390nm, while the excess loss is only 0.1 dB and the uniformity is about 1 dB. A specific solution to decrease the PDL (polarization dependent loss) of all-wave coupler is presented and demonstrated by experiment. Moreover, all fiber polarization-pump combiner is successfully developed with 16.5dB extinction ratio.
1. 首次开发出了连续精确熔拉两个3dB耦合器和准确控制干涉臂长差的新工艺，使滤波器的隔离度达到了15.7dB。对耦合器分光比精度和干涉臂扭转应力对器件隔离度的影响做了理论分析和实验研究。提出了多个耦合器级联并令耦合器的分光比按一定规律分布来降低旁瓣提高隔离度的技术方案，并做了数值模拟。
2. 对全光纤反射式奇偶交错滤波器进行了理论分析和数值模拟，发现当两个耦合器的分光比均为15％时产生了平顶高隔离度的通带频响特性，做了相关实验，结果与理论分析基本符合。
3. 将成熟的电子学里的格型数字滤波器的概念和设计算法移植到光学滤波器，给出了根据目标滤波传递函数求解光格型阵列具体参数的算法。用傅立叶级数展开数值逼近的方法进行了高隔离度平顶通带频响全光纤奇偶交错滤波器的优化设计，提出了隔离度大于45dB通带平坦滤波器的制作方案。
4. 对基于光全通滤波技术的奇偶交错滤波器进行了理论分析、数值模拟和实验研究工作。详细分析了滤波器的群时延特性和色散特性，讨论了该滤波器的动态可调谐性质。
5. 首次提出熔锥型全波耦合器的概念，应用耦合模理论对器件的耦合机理做了详尽的分析，得出了在模传播常数失配的情况下耦合器分光比带宽增加的结论。提出了非对称熔拉带宽拓展工艺，并应用自行研制的拉锥机制作了全波耦合器，其带宽达到了390nm（1260-1650nm），覆盖了光通信系统的O+E+S+C+L波段，均匀性1dB；附加损耗0.1dB。最后专门针对全波耦合器的偏振相关损耗（PDL）特性进行了研究，得到了降低PDL的具体方案并经过了实验验证。另外研制了全光纤偏振泵浦合波器，消光比达到了16.5dB。
As the key component of multiplexer/demultiplexer, optical filter technology has been fueling great interest with the emergence of wide range tunable laser source, all-wave fiber, and wide band optical amplifiers, which is promoting DWDM to a leading edge of optical fiber communication. The increasing of single channel capacities and evolution of optical networks topology, from simple point-to-point to intelligent optical networks, call for strict demands to optical filters. In this paper, the crucial technologies of optical filters such as Interleaver, optical digital filter, fused biconical taper all-wave coupler as well as polarization-pump combiner have been studied experimentally and theoretically, which include:
1. A new process, cascaded FBT (fused biconical taper) with precise control as well as strict interference arm length difference, is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. The influences of couple ratio accuracy and twist stress of interference arms on device's isolation have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The isolation can reach about 17.5dB. At the same time, the design of cascaded coupler with a given ratio distribution is proposed, which can lead to higher isolation by suppressing sidelobe.
2. According to theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the Interleaver can show flat-top and high isolation pass band characteristic when the two couplers' ratio is assigned to 15 percent. The experiment demonstrates that the simulated calculations are in good agreement with experimental results.
. The conception and algorithm simulation of lattice digital filter in electronics are transplanted into optical filter, with a novice algorithm to resolve optical lattice array concrete parameter. Based on the Fourier series digital approximation method, the optimal design of flat-top and high isolation pass band frequency response Interleaver has been studied. At last a solution of high isolation ( >45dB )
3 and flat pass band is introduced according to all fiber Interleaver scheme.
4 . By theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experiment research, the Interleaver based on optical all-pass filter technique is investigated. Group delay and dispersion characters are analyzed according to the above filter. In addition, the dynamic tunable feature is discussed.
5 . All-wave coupler is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. This paper, on the basis of coupled-mode equations, analyzed the bandwidth characteristic of asymmetric FBT coupler, proposed and proved a solution of all-wave coupler (O+E+S+C+L band). We also succeeded in making all-wave couplers with a bandwidth of 390nm, while the excess loss is only 0.1 dB and the uniformity is about 1 dB. A specific solution to decrease the PDL (polarization dependent loss) of all-wave coupler is presented and demonstrated by experiment. Moreover, all fiber polarization-pump combiner is successfully developed with 16.5dB extinction ratio.
引文
第一章
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