冀东油田裂缝性储层测井评价研究
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摘要
和碎屑岩储层相比,碳酸盐岩储层一个显著的特点是裂缝性,裂缝性储层由于具有比常规均质孔隙性储层更为复杂的空隙空间结构与极强的各向异性,因此,裂缝性储层测井解释评价的难度也远大于均质孔隙性储层。冀东油田裂缝性储层油气成藏条件优越,但成岩作用强,储层类型多、变化大、分布复杂,油气藏类型复杂。在油气勘探开发中面临的诸多难题,主要有3个方面:(1)储层岩性的准确识别;(2)储层物性特别是孔隙度的准确评价,裂缝孔隙度的评价;(3)含油气性评价,含油(气)饱和度的计算,油气水分布和各界面的确定。本文正是基于碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的特点,针对冀东油田裂缝性储层评价中所遇到的一些主要问题,从实际入手,通过系统的理论与实际结合研究,建立一套相对完善、实用的碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层测井评价方法。
本研究地区的碳酸盐岩为主的裂缝性储层岩性复杂,即具有与一般碳酸盐岩储层相同又不完全相同的特征,本文拟通过对不同岩性储层的测井响应特征系统分析,研究利用测井资料识别岩性的方法,建立区内岩性判别标准。
研究了利用三维有限元计算任意倾角下的单一裂缝、裂缝组、交叉缝及宏观均匀各向异性介质裂缝地层的双侧向测井响应,并建立了碳酸盐岩双侧向测井响应与地层参数之间的函数关系,有针对性的利用所建立的函数关系分析了现场资料。
深入分析裂缝对电、声、放等岩石物理参数的响应及其在各种测井曲线上的异常响应特征,实现对裂缝带的识别,确定裂缝发育段,定性识别裂缝;划分裂缝类型,建立不同类型裂缝的测井响应模型,计算裂缝孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、储层饱和度、泥质含量、总孔隙度等参数。结合测井新技术,对储层参数进行综合评价。
利用测井新技术资料对储层有效性进行准确评价,开展裂缝特性判别方法与标准的研究,提出准确计算裂缝孔隙度的方法;利用成像测井资料刻度常规计算结果,二者对比验证,有效识别裂缝。
在对试油资料及试油层段对应的测井曲线响应特征研究的基础上,进行了储集层分类标准的研究,对该区块的储集层分为三种级别并给出了分级标准。针对冀东油田裂缝性油气层岩性复杂,非均质性强的特点,以常规测井方法为主、新方法新技术为辅,建立不同类型裂缝的测井解释模型,研究适合冀东油田特点的储层综合评价方法。
Compared with clastic reservoir, the carbonate reservoir shows more significant characteristics of fracture. The logging interpretation and evaluation of fractured reservoir is confronted with more difficulties than that of conventional homogeneous porous reservoir because of that it has more complex structure of pore and stronger anisotropy than the conventional homogeneous porous reservoir. The fractured reservoir in Jidong oilfield has the characteristics of favourable reservoir forming condition, strong diagenesis, multi-type and great variation and complex distribution of reservoir, complex reservoir type and so on. There are mainly three difficulties faced in the petroleum exploration and development: (1)the exact identification of reservoir lithology;(2)the exact evaluation for reservoir physical property, especially for porosity and fracture porosity; (3)the evaluation for oil-bearing properties, the computation of hydrocarbon saturation, the oil-gas-water distribution and its interface’s determination. Based on the charactersitcs of fractured carbonate reservoir and main problems faced in the evaluation of fractured reservoir in Jidong oilfield and proceed from actual conditions, this paper builds up a set of relatively perfect and effective method of logging evaluation for fractured carbonate reservoir by combining theory with practice systematically.
The lithology of fractured reservoir where the carbonate dominates in the research area is complex. It has own characterstics which are similar to ordinary reservoir. Based on the systematic analysis of logging response characteristics for different lithology reservoirs, this paper builds up the regional lithologic identification standards using logging data.
The dual lateral logging responses of fractured formations computed by 3-D finite element, such as single fracture, fracture group, cross fracture, fracture in macroscopic uniform anisotropic media, are researched at any arbitrary angle. The function relation which is established between response of dual lateral logging and formation parameters in carbonate reservoir is applied to analyze the field data.
By deeply analyzing the responses of rock physical parameters, such as electrical parameters, acoustic parameters, radioactive parameters and abnormal response of logging curves, the qualitative identification of fracture zone is achieved and fractured interval is determined; The fracture type is classified and the logging response model of different fracture types is established. The parameters, such as fracture porosity, fracture permeability, reservoir saturation, shale content, total porosity, are respectively computed. Combined with the advanced logging technology, the comprehensive evaluation for reservoir parameters is carried out.
Using the data of advanced logging technology, the evaluation is carried out accurately for reservoir and the discrimination method of fracture properties and standard are researched. The accurate calculation method of fractured porosity is proposed; Compared the conventional calculation results calibrated by imaging logs with the results by the proposed method, the fracture is identified effectively.
Based on the research of logging response characteristics of well testing data and testing interval, the classification standard for reservoir is studied. The reservoir in this block is classified into three grades and the classification standard is proposed for conventional logging data. According to the characteristics of complex lithology and strong heterogeneity of fractured reservoir in Jidong oilfield and taking conventional logging method as main and anvanced logging technology as subsidiary, the logging interpretation model of reservoir with different fracture types is built up. The comprehensive evaluation method of reservoir corresponding to the reservoir characteristics in Jidong oilfield is researched.
本研究地区的碳酸盐岩为主的裂缝性储层岩性复杂,即具有与一般碳酸盐岩储层相同又不完全相同的特征,本文拟通过对不同岩性储层的测井响应特征系统分析,研究利用测井资料识别岩性的方法,建立区内岩性判别标准。
研究了利用三维有限元计算任意倾角下的单一裂缝、裂缝组、交叉缝及宏观均匀各向异性介质裂缝地层的双侧向测井响应,并建立了碳酸盐岩双侧向测井响应与地层参数之间的函数关系,有针对性的利用所建立的函数关系分析了现场资料。
深入分析裂缝对电、声、放等岩石物理参数的响应及其在各种测井曲线上的异常响应特征,实现对裂缝带的识别,确定裂缝发育段,定性识别裂缝;划分裂缝类型,建立不同类型裂缝的测井响应模型,计算裂缝孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、储层饱和度、泥质含量、总孔隙度等参数。结合测井新技术,对储层参数进行综合评价。
利用测井新技术资料对储层有效性进行准确评价,开展裂缝特性判别方法与标准的研究,提出准确计算裂缝孔隙度的方法;利用成像测井资料刻度常规计算结果,二者对比验证,有效识别裂缝。
在对试油资料及试油层段对应的测井曲线响应特征研究的基础上,进行了储集层分类标准的研究,对该区块的储集层分为三种级别并给出了分级标准。针对冀东油田裂缝性油气层岩性复杂,非均质性强的特点,以常规测井方法为主、新方法新技术为辅,建立不同类型裂缝的测井解释模型,研究适合冀东油田特点的储层综合评价方法。
Compared with clastic reservoir, the carbonate reservoir shows more significant characteristics of fracture. The logging interpretation and evaluation of fractured reservoir is confronted with more difficulties than that of conventional homogeneous porous reservoir because of that it has more complex structure of pore and stronger anisotropy than the conventional homogeneous porous reservoir. The fractured reservoir in Jidong oilfield has the characteristics of favourable reservoir forming condition, strong diagenesis, multi-type and great variation and complex distribution of reservoir, complex reservoir type and so on. There are mainly three difficulties faced in the petroleum exploration and development: (1)the exact identification of reservoir lithology;(2)the exact evaluation for reservoir physical property, especially for porosity and fracture porosity; (3)the evaluation for oil-bearing properties, the computation of hydrocarbon saturation, the oil-gas-water distribution and its interface’s determination. Based on the charactersitcs of fractured carbonate reservoir and main problems faced in the evaluation of fractured reservoir in Jidong oilfield and proceed from actual conditions, this paper builds up a set of relatively perfect and effective method of logging evaluation for fractured carbonate reservoir by combining theory with practice systematically.
The lithology of fractured reservoir where the carbonate dominates in the research area is complex. It has own characterstics which are similar to ordinary reservoir. Based on the systematic analysis of logging response characteristics for different lithology reservoirs, this paper builds up the regional lithologic identification standards using logging data.
The dual lateral logging responses of fractured formations computed by 3-D finite element, such as single fracture, fracture group, cross fracture, fracture in macroscopic uniform anisotropic media, are researched at any arbitrary angle. The function relation which is established between response of dual lateral logging and formation parameters in carbonate reservoir is applied to analyze the field data.
By deeply analyzing the responses of rock physical parameters, such as electrical parameters, acoustic parameters, radioactive parameters and abnormal response of logging curves, the qualitative identification of fracture zone is achieved and fractured interval is determined; The fracture type is classified and the logging response model of different fracture types is established. The parameters, such as fracture porosity, fracture permeability, reservoir saturation, shale content, total porosity, are respectively computed. Combined with the advanced logging technology, the comprehensive evaluation for reservoir parameters is carried out.
Using the data of advanced logging technology, the evaluation is carried out accurately for reservoir and the discrimination method of fracture properties and standard are researched. The accurate calculation method of fractured porosity is proposed; Compared the conventional calculation results calibrated by imaging logs with the results by the proposed method, the fracture is identified effectively.
Based on the research of logging response characteristics of well testing data and testing interval, the classification standard for reservoir is studied. The reservoir in this block is classified into three grades and the classification standard is proposed for conventional logging data. According to the characteristics of complex lithology and strong heterogeneity of fractured reservoir in Jidong oilfield and taking conventional logging method as main and anvanced logging technology as subsidiary, the logging interpretation model of reservoir with different fracture types is built up. The comprehensive evaluation method of reservoir corresponding to the reservoir characteristics in Jidong oilfield is researched.
引文
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[2]谭廷栋.裂缝性油气藏测井解释模型与评价方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987
[3]赵良孝.碳酸盐岩储层测井评价技术[M].北京:石抽工业出版社,1994
[40]景建恩.裂缝、溶蚀孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层测井评价方法及其发育规律研究[D].长春:吉林大学博士论文.2003
[5]李周波,王祝文.科学钻探中的元素测井技术[J].地学前缘.1998,5(1-2):119-130
[6]周英杰,张敬轩,张吉昌等.裂缝性潜山油藏储集体岩性定量识别——以埕北30太古界潜山储集体为例[J].中国岩溶.2002,21(2):140-144
[7] R.A.Nelson. Geologic analysis of naturally frac1ured reservoirs[J].Goulf Publishing Company,Houston,Texas,1985:18-22
[8]王允诚.裂缝性致密油气储层[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
[9]倪国辉,鲍志东,杜旭东等.“四性分析法”在××潜山基岩储层评价中的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工. 2006(1):93-97
[10]曾文冲.油气藏储集层测井评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[11]卢毓周,魏斌,李彬.常规测井资料识别裂缝性储层流体类型方法研究[J].地球物理学进展.2004,19(1):173-178
[12]赵良孝,张树东,胡玲.复杂碳酸盐岩储层含油气饱和度计算方法探索[J].天然气工业.2005,25(9):42-44
[13] Sibbit A M, Faivre,O. The Dual Laterolog Response in Fractured Rocks[J]. SPWLA 26th Annual Logging Symposium. Dallas,Texas,June 1985,17-20.
[14]徐星,赵万优.Star-2成像测井在碳酸盐岩储层评价中的应用[J].测井技术. 2001,25(5):358-364
[15]魏斌,卢毓周,乔德新等.裂缝宽度的定量计算及储层流体类型识别[J].物探与化探. 2003,27(3):217-219
[16] Philippe A P, Roger, N A. In Situ Measurements of Electrical Resistivity, Formation Anisotropy, and Tectonic Context[J]. SPWLA 31st Annual LoggingSymposium, Lafayette, Louisiana, June 1990:24-27
[17]李善军,汪涵明,肖承文等.碳酸盐岩地层中裂缝孔隙度的定量解释[J].测井技术.1997,21(3):205～214
[18]柳建华.FMI成像测井技术在塔河碳酸盐岩油田的应用[J].新疆石油地质.2001,22(6):487-488
[19]司马立强.碳酸盐岩缝—洞性储层测井综合评价方法及应用研究[D].成都:西南石油大学博士论文,2005
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