四倍体刺槐饲料收获机往复切割器切割性能研究
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摘要
木本植物是重要的“绿色蛋白”饲料,大力开发木本饲料可以缓解我国畜牧业紧缺蛋白饲料的问题。研制一种高效收获木本饲料的轻型设备是提高木本饲料转化率的途径之一,而对往复式切割器的研究则是研制设备的关键。本文针对往复式切割器切割四倍体刺槐的切割性能开展了初步研究。
首先本研究中主要设计了液压马达为动力的往复式切割试验装置,其割刀驱动主轴转速可调可测、可更换不同刀具角度的割刀,可实现在不同切割滑切角、不同刀刃角、不同切割速度下对试件(四倍体刺槐)的切割作业。
之后针对切割过程中的切割速度、切割滑切角、割刀刀刃角三个试验因素进行了模拟切割试验,对实验数据进行了方差分析找到各因素和切割阻力(功率)之间的关系。试验结果表明影响切割阻力最显著的因素是切割速度、其次是切割滑切角,最小的是割刀刀刃角；切割速度与切割滑切角之间、切割滑切角与割刀刀刃角之间存在交互效应；影响切割功率主次顺序因素依次为滑切角、刀刃角、主轴转速,切割速度与滑切角、滑切角与刀刃角之间存在交互效应。经过对往复式切割器切割后四倍体刺槐茎秆切口表面的分析,认为切割速度和割刀刀刃角对茎秆切口质量有明显的影响；综合三个指标得出三因素三水平试验中切割性能较好的切割器参数组合。另外在多因素正交试验的基础上,经过二次回归正交组合试验,建立了切割阻力(功率)与切割转速、切割滑切角、割刀刀刃角之间的数学模型,得出切割阻力(功率)与各因素之间的关系与多因素试验中的结论一致,并在考虑切割质量前提下对切割器参数进行了优化。本试验研究为今后设计四倍体刺槐收获设备切割器的参数选择提供了参考数据和理论基础。
A woody plant is an important kind of high vegetable protein feed. Highly developing woody feed can solve the problem of the shortage of protein feed. So it's an efficient way to improve the feed conversion ratio that is to design a highly-efficient protein feed havesting light equipment and the research on the reciprocating cutter is the key to develop the harvesting equipment.The essay is about the preliminary study about the Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia cutting capacity of reciprocating cutter.
At first, a simulating cutting system with a reciprocating cutter has been developed to do the cutting simulation experiments on the Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia, which is driven by a hydraulic motor.We can do the cutting simulation experiments on the specimens (Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia) with the cutting system under the condition of different cutting speed, different slide cutting angle and different blade angle of the cutter.
Then a orthogonal design has been adopted and a cutting simulation experiment was carried out on different impact factors including cutting speed, slide cutting angle and blade angle of the cutter. The relations between all impact factors and cutting resistance are deduced through the datas processing by means of the analysis of variance. The result of the experiment proves that among all the influnce of the factors, cutting speed of the cutter occupies first place, slide cutting angle comes second.Result also suggests that significant interations effects between cutting speed and slide cutting angle of the cutter, and between slide cutting angle and blade angle of the cutter. Through the obvervation of the cutting quality, we can draw the conclusion that cutting speed and blade angle of the cutter both have significant effect on the cutting quality. Sums up, the optimum parameters can b deduced. Based on the former experiment, quadratic regression testing has been carried out. Th relavant mathematical model has been established on all the significant facters, cutting speed, slid cutting angle of the cutter and blade angle of the cutter. The optimization analysis has also been mad The experimental research can provide some reference datas and theory bases for designing th reciprocating cutter of Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia havesting machinery.
首先本研究中主要设计了液压马达为动力的往复式切割试验装置,其割刀驱动主轴转速可调可测、可更换不同刀具角度的割刀,可实现在不同切割滑切角、不同刀刃角、不同切割速度下对试件(四倍体刺槐)的切割作业。
之后针对切割过程中的切割速度、切割滑切角、割刀刀刃角三个试验因素进行了模拟切割试验,对实验数据进行了方差分析找到各因素和切割阻力(功率)之间的关系。试验结果表明影响切割阻力最显著的因素是切割速度、其次是切割滑切角,最小的是割刀刀刃角；切割速度与切割滑切角之间、切割滑切角与割刀刀刃角之间存在交互效应；影响切割功率主次顺序因素依次为滑切角、刀刃角、主轴转速,切割速度与滑切角、滑切角与刀刃角之间存在交互效应。经过对往复式切割器切割后四倍体刺槐茎秆切口表面的分析,认为切割速度和割刀刀刃角对茎秆切口质量有明显的影响；综合三个指标得出三因素三水平试验中切割性能较好的切割器参数组合。另外在多因素正交试验的基础上,经过二次回归正交组合试验,建立了切割阻力(功率)与切割转速、切割滑切角、割刀刀刃角之间的数学模型,得出切割阻力(功率)与各因素之间的关系与多因素试验中的结论一致,并在考虑切割质量前提下对切割器参数进行了优化。本试验研究为今后设计四倍体刺槐收获设备切割器的参数选择提供了参考数据和理论基础。
A woody plant is an important kind of high vegetable protein feed. Highly developing woody feed can solve the problem of the shortage of protein feed. So it's an efficient way to improve the feed conversion ratio that is to design a highly-efficient protein feed havesting light equipment and the research on the reciprocating cutter is the key to develop the harvesting equipment.The essay is about the preliminary study about the Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia cutting capacity of reciprocating cutter.
At first, a simulating cutting system with a reciprocating cutter has been developed to do the cutting simulation experiments on the Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia, which is driven by a hydraulic motor.We can do the cutting simulation experiments on the specimens (Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia) with the cutting system under the condition of different cutting speed, different slide cutting angle and different blade angle of the cutter.
Then a orthogonal design has been adopted and a cutting simulation experiment was carried out on different impact factors including cutting speed, slide cutting angle and blade angle of the cutter. The relations between all impact factors and cutting resistance are deduced through the datas processing by means of the analysis of variance. The result of the experiment proves that among all the influnce of the factors, cutting speed of the cutter occupies first place, slide cutting angle comes second.Result also suggests that significant interations effects between cutting speed and slide cutting angle of the cutter, and between slide cutting angle and blade angle of the cutter. Through the obvervation of the cutting quality, we can draw the conclusion that cutting speed and blade angle of the cutter both have significant effect on the cutting quality. Sums up, the optimum parameters can b deduced. Based on the former experiment, quadratic regression testing has been carried out. Th relavant mathematical model has been established on all the significant facters, cutting speed, slid cutting angle of the cutter and blade angle of the cutter. The optimization analysis has also been mad The experimental research can provide some reference datas and theory bases for designing th reciprocating cutter of Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia havesting machinery.
引文
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[21]庞生海,关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982(6)：64-69.
[22]尚书旗,玉米茎秆甩刀式切抛器的设计研究[J].农业工程学报,1998(2)：33-34.
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[24]孙永海,常振臣,李宝霖,佟月英,大豆收割机圆盘式切割器切割参数的研究[J].农业机械学报,1999,30(4)：26-30.
[25]万其号.沙生灌木圆盘式切割器切割对比试验研究[D].硕士学位论文.2007.内蒙古农业大学.
[26]王承斌.内蒙古的木本饲用植物资源[J].中国草地,1987,(5)：1-5.
[27]王汝贵,杨坚,梁兆新,莫健霖,古梅英.甘蔗割铺机圆盘切割器工作参数优化及影响分析[J].农机化研究,2004(4)：144-147.
[28]吴守一.农业机械学[M].江苏工学院,1987(3)：11.
[29]西北工业大学孙桓,陈作模等.机械原理(第六版)[M].高等教育出版社,2001,188-237.
[30]夏萍,曹成茂,陈黎卿,朱德泉,李兵.基于Matlab的往复式切割器割茬高度的动态仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(11)：3070-3073.
[31]向家伟,杨连发,李尚平.小型甘蔗收获机切割器试验研究[J],2007,(11)：158-163.
[32]杨树川,何东健,杨术明.往复式切割器割刀磨损对切割图中区域面积的影响[J].农机化研究,
2006(1)：107-108.
[33]俞国胜,袁湘月,陈忠加.灌木资源产业化促进沙荒地植被恢复[A].第二届中国林业学术大会-S12现代林业技术装备创新发展论文集.广西,2009,204-211.
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[2]北京农业机械化学院主编,农业机械学[M].农业出版社,1981.
[3]曹国军,文亦芾,我国灌木类饲用植物资源及其可持续利用对策[J].草地资源,2006,(10)：26-29.
[4]陈国晶.单圆盘甘蔗收割机切割器切割破头率影响因素的试验研究与机理分析[D].硕士学位(?)文.广西大学,2006.
[5]陈霓,田晓军.双动刀往复式切割器驱动装置设计[J].农机化研究,2007(6)：72-73.
[6]郭志芬.我国南方重要的木本饲料资源及其综合利用[J].自然资源,1989,(4)：9-15.
[7]韩正晟.齿形链式切割器的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,14(2)：86-89.
[8]韩正晟.回转带式切割器的研究[J].农业机械学报,1998,29(2)：32-35.
[9]侯治平.木本饲料的开发和利用[J].云南农业科技,1989,(5)：31-32.
[10]贾瑞昌,赵华海,收获机械切割技术进展[J].广东机械,1999(3)：17-19.
[11]靖德兵,李培军,寇振武,等.木本饲用植物资源的开发及生产应用研究[J].草业学报,200(?)12(2)：7-13.
[12]李丹婷,张志毅,李岩,黄伟,刘智强.沙生灌木平茬机切割器刃口曲线的设计[J].农机化(?)究
[13]李黎.木材切削原理与刀具[M].中国林业出版社,2005.
[14]李尚平,赖晓,程志青,戴小标,甘蔗收获机切割器的结构动力学仿真分析及试验研究[J].(?)西大学学报,2009,33(3)：239-242,255
[15]李忠喜,张江涛,王新建,刘飞,朱延林,钟显.浅谈我国木本饲料的开发与利用[J].世界；业研究,2007,20(4)：50-53.
[16]林茂,杨坚,梁兆新,莫建霖,陈国晶.双刀盘甘蔗切割器工作参数的试验优化研究[J].农(?)化研究,2006(12)：146-150.
[17]刘庆庭,区颖刚,卿上乐,黄世醒.光刃刀片切割甘蔗茎秆破坏过程高速摄像分析[J].农业(?)械学报,2007.38(10)：31-34.
[18]龙华伟,顾永刚著. Labview 8.2.1与DAQ数据采集[M].清华大学出版社,2008,127-144,232-264.
[19]马永康,张振国,边胤,柠条收割机切割器的设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(7)202-203.
[20]倪长安,蔺公振,姬江涛,刘师多,张玉先,陈冬生,圆盘切割器切割玉米茎秆的试验与；析[J].洛阳工学院学报,1995,16(4)：36-41.
[21]庞生海,关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982(6)：64-69.
[22]尚书旗,玉米茎秆甩刀式切抛器的设计研究[J].农业工程学报,1998(2)：33-34.
[23]孙祥.中国木本饲用植物资源及其开发利用[J].内蒙古草业,1999(3)：21-30.
[24]孙永海,常振臣,李宝霖,佟月英,大豆收割机圆盘式切割器切割参数的研究[J].农业机械学报,1999,30(4)：26-30.
[25]万其号.沙生灌木圆盘式切割器切割对比试验研究[D].硕士学位论文.2007.内蒙古农业大学.
[26]王承斌.内蒙古的木本饲用植物资源[J].中国草地,1987,(5)：1-5.
[27]王汝贵,杨坚,梁兆新,莫健霖,古梅英.甘蔗割铺机圆盘切割器工作参数优化及影响分析[J].农机化研究,2004(4)：144-147.
[28]吴守一.农业机械学[M].江苏工学院,1987(3)：11.
[29]西北工业大学孙桓,陈作模等.机械原理(第六版)[M].高等教育出版社,2001,188-237.
[30]夏萍,曹成茂,陈黎卿,朱德泉,李兵.基于Matlab的往复式切割器割茬高度的动态仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(11)：3070-3073.
[31]向家伟,杨连发,李尚平.小型甘蔗收获机切割器试验研究[J],2007,(11)：158-163.
[32]杨树川,何东健,杨术明.往复式切割器割刀磨损对切割图中区域面积的影响[J].农机化研究,
2006(1)：107-108.
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