核动力装置二回路蒸汽系统仿真研究
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摘要
核动力装置二回路蒸汽系统仿真是核动力装置实时、全范围、全功能仿真机研制工作的重要组成部分。本文以二回路蒸汽系统为仿真对象，建立并验证了动态仿真数学模型。论文完成的主要工作及取得的成果如下：
(1)大直径饱和蒸汽管道属于有源热工部件。管道工质由于有一定湿度存在，并且管道容积惯性较大，两相之间存在比较强烈的质量、能量交换，管内是非稳态热力过程。本文对这类部件建立了两相非平衡箱体数学模型。
(2)小直径饱和蒸汽管道属于无源热工部件。由于管径小，工质流动速度快，可以不考虑管内两相工质间的相互作用。本文对这类部件建立了单相可压缩流体网络模型。
(3)针对单相可压缩流体网络模型提出了饱和蒸汽网络节点散热修正方法，可以用于核电站等大型蒸汽管网的仿真计算。
(4)分析了汽轮机中湿蒸汽的非平衡流动特性，提出湿蒸汽在叶栅中的流动可以看作为两个阶段：叶栅内的湿蒸汽非平衡流动和叶栅后穿越凝结冲波的流动。建立了由两相流体质量守恒方程、动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程，过热蒸汽关系式、压降关系式、激波前后关系式及其它两相流关系式组成的动态仿真数学模型，模型形式为非线性方程组。
(5)建立了基于质量守恒和能量守恒的水膜闪蒸数学模型，可以用于仿真计算水膜厚度对汽轮机甩负荷的影响。
文中分别以核动力船舶二回路蒸汽系统和核电站汽轮机为仿真对象计算了若干仿真算例，验证了模型在各种工况下的适应性。结果表明，模型实现了基于物理过程计算汽轮机级效率，两相工质的湿度、压力和温度，汽流运动方向及速度等参数；稳态工况下仿真值误差均达到了仿真机精度要求；动
Simulation on steam system of the secondary loop of nuclear power plant is an important part of research of real-time, whole range, whole functional simulation of nuclear power plant. Dynamic simulation mathematic models for steam system of the secondary loop were established and validated in this paper. The main work and production of the paper are as follows,
(1) Long diameter saturated steam pipes belong to active thermodynamic objects. Because steam in the pipes has humidity and volume inertia of the pipes is great, so two-phase fluid has violent mass and energy exchange and no-equilibrium thermodynamic process can happen in the pipes. Two-phase no-equilibrium tank model was established in the paper.
(2) Short diameter saturated steam pipes belong to passive thermodynamic objects. Because of short diameter and fast flow of fluid, effect between the two-phase fluids can be ignored. Single-phase compressible fluid network model for the objects was established in the paper.
(3) Heat evolution correction method for node of the saturated steam network was put forward, which can be used for simulation for large-scale steam network of nuclear power plant.
(4) After analyzing the no-equilibrium characteristic of wet steam in turbine, author put forward that flow in cascade can be divided into two steps: no-saturated steam flow in cascade run and flow through oblique shock after cascades. A dynamic simulation mathematic model consisted of conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, superheat steam equation, pressure drop equation, two-phase flows equations and relations before and after oblique shock. The model is a non-linear coupled equation.
(1)大直径饱和蒸汽管道属于有源热工部件。管道工质由于有一定湿度存在，并且管道容积惯性较大，两相之间存在比较强烈的质量、能量交换，管内是非稳态热力过程。本文对这类部件建立了两相非平衡箱体数学模型。
(2)小直径饱和蒸汽管道属于无源热工部件。由于管径小，工质流动速度快，可以不考虑管内两相工质间的相互作用。本文对这类部件建立了单相可压缩流体网络模型。
(3)针对单相可压缩流体网络模型提出了饱和蒸汽网络节点散热修正方法，可以用于核电站等大型蒸汽管网的仿真计算。
(4)分析了汽轮机中湿蒸汽的非平衡流动特性，提出湿蒸汽在叶栅中的流动可以看作为两个阶段：叶栅内的湿蒸汽非平衡流动和叶栅后穿越凝结冲波的流动。建立了由两相流体质量守恒方程、动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程，过热蒸汽关系式、压降关系式、激波前后关系式及其它两相流关系式组成的动态仿真数学模型，模型形式为非线性方程组。
(5)建立了基于质量守恒和能量守恒的水膜闪蒸数学模型，可以用于仿真计算水膜厚度对汽轮机甩负荷的影响。
文中分别以核动力船舶二回路蒸汽系统和核电站汽轮机为仿真对象计算了若干仿真算例，验证了模型在各种工况下的适应性。结果表明，模型实现了基于物理过程计算汽轮机级效率，两相工质的湿度、压力和温度，汽流运动方向及速度等参数；稳态工况下仿真值误差均达到了仿真机精度要求；动
Simulation on steam system of the secondary loop of nuclear power plant is an important part of research of real-time, whole range, whole functional simulation of nuclear power plant. Dynamic simulation mathematic models for steam system of the secondary loop were established and validated in this paper. The main work and production of the paper are as follows,
(1) Long diameter saturated steam pipes belong to active thermodynamic objects. Because steam in the pipes has humidity and volume inertia of the pipes is great, so two-phase fluid has violent mass and energy exchange and no-equilibrium thermodynamic process can happen in the pipes. Two-phase no-equilibrium tank model was established in the paper.
(2) Short diameter saturated steam pipes belong to passive thermodynamic objects. Because of short diameter and fast flow of fluid, effect between the two-phase fluids can be ignored. Single-phase compressible fluid network model for the objects was established in the paper.
(3) Heat evolution correction method for node of the saturated steam network was put forward, which can be used for simulation for large-scale steam network of nuclear power plant.
(4) After analyzing the no-equilibrium characteristic of wet steam in turbine, author put forward that flow in cascade can be divided into two steps: no-saturated steam flow in cascade run and flow through oblique shock after cascades. A dynamic simulation mathematic model consisted of conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, superheat steam equation, pressure drop equation, two-phase flows equations and relations before and after oblique shock. The model is a non-linear coupled equation.
引文
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