秦岭山区风化变质软岩作为高速公路路堤填料的研究及应用
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摘要
秦岭山区高速公路建设中不可避免地会产生大量的风化变质软岩隧道弃渣、削坡弃方和路堑挖方,若能将这些风化变质软岩用作路堤填料,不仅可降低公路建设成本,还可保护当地的生态环境,具有显著的经济与社会效益。然而风化变质软岩具有强度低、易风化、水稳性差的特点,能否用作路堤填料以及如何用作路堤填料,目前尚无统一标准和技术规范可依。为此,本文结合柞(水)小(河)高速公路建设,在调查、总结和分析前人研究资料的基础上,采用室内试验与现场试验相结合的方法,从填料的工程特性、压实工艺及工程实际应用等方面出发,逐步深入系统地对秦岭山区风化变质软岩作为高速公路路堤填料的应用进行了研究,其主要研究成果如下：
1.通过对三种不同构造岩石的强度试验,分析研究了风化程度对变质岩软硬程度划分的影响,指出了以往划分过程中存在的不足,提出了在判别变质岩为硬质石料或软质石料时,应充分考虑风化程度及构造对变质岩强度的影响,并选取合适试验方法的建议,依此评判划分了三种风化变质岩石的软硬程度,在此基础上通过对其中两种变质软岩的矿物分析试验、耐崩解试验、膨胀性试验,从微观矿物结构、组成及岩石的水理特性方面初步评判了风化变质软岩用作路堤填料的可行性。
2.运用数理统计的方法确定了风化变质软岩填料的颗粒级配参数,同时通过对风化变质软岩填料浸水前后的一系列对比试验,系统研究了风化变质软岩填料的密度特性、承载比(CBR)特性、压缩特性、强度特性及颗粒破碎特性,分析总结了水对上述特性的影响。
3.通过对振动击实试验、压缩试验及三轴试验后颗粒的筛分试验,详细研究了超粒径处理方法、浸水时间、振动次数及干湿循环次数对风化变质软岩填料颗粒破碎的影响,同时对比分析了三种试验过程中的颗粒破碎情况,指出了风化变质软岩路堤填料在振动击实过程中的颗粒破碎不容忽视,并从公路路堤应力状态及风化变质软岩填料颗粒强度低、易破碎的角度出发,解释了其原因。
4.通过现场填筑压实试验,研究了不同松铺厚度、碾压遍数及洒水碾压方式等对风化变质软岩填料压实特性的影响,并采用沉降量法、灌水密度法、弯沉等多种方法对路堤压实质量进行了检测控制,提出了适合风化变质软岩路堤的最佳施工工艺参数及压实质量控制方法。
5.为了研究柞小高速公路拟建风化变质软岩路堤浸水后的沉降情况,首次在亚洲最大的土槽内(长100m,宽7.5m,高2.8m)修筑了室内大比例尺(长6m,底宽6m,顶宽4m,高1.6m)试验路堤,通过对试验路堤的浸水载荷试验,得到了现场高9.6m路堤浸水后沉降值不超过6.12cm的结论,小于《公路路基设计规范》(JTG D30-2004)规定的10cm标准,依此成功地将本文研究的风化变质软岩用作了柞小高速公路的路堤填料,节约了工程费用约6500万(其中不包括因取用砂砾引起河床下切导致的工程防护费用),并保护了当地的生态环境。该试验弥补了以往模型试验中试样尺寸过小的不足,较好地反映了风化变质软岩路堤的浸水沉降情况,是一种可以推荐使用的方法。通过对现场风化变质软岩路堤长达330天的工后沉降监测以及两年来的实际运营情况表明,相应路段沉降较小,运营良好。
A lot of weathered Metamorphic soft rocks such as tunnel spoil and cut slope spoil would be generated in Qinling Mountain free way construction. If these weathered metamorphic soft rocks were used as embankment filler, which not only would reduce construction investment costs, and also would protect the local fragile ecological environment, with significant social and economic benefits. However, the weathered metamorphic soft rocks with low intensity, easily weathered, poor water stability characteristics, which can be used as embankment filler and how to be used become a serious problem. In response to the problem, on the basis of investigating, analyzing and summarizing the previous research achievements, this article depending on the Zha-xiao free way systematically and deeply studied on application of soft weathered metamorphic rock in Qin-ling mountains as free way embankment filler by means of laboratory and field experiments, the conclusions are listed as follows:
1. According to the results of strength tests of rock, the effects of the weathering degree to division of soft and hard rock are discussed. The weathering two-mica schist mylonite and mylonitic phyllite was identified as soft metamorphic rock, and the feasibility of the weathered metamorphic soft rocks as embankment filler was initially evaluated by means of the rock mineral analysis test, collapse test, swelling test.
2. The grain composition of weathered metamorphic soft rocks as embankment filler was definite by means of mathematical statistics method, and the characteristics such as grain composition, density, CBR, compression deformation, compressive creep, strength and particle breakage was discussed, especially the effect of the occurrence of water was disclosed.
3. The screening test on the grain composition was carried out after the vibration compaction test, compression test and triaxial shear test, to analyze in detail the effects of the super-size treatment method, soaking time, the vibration frequency and cycle numbers to particle crushing of soft weathered metamorphic rock filler, and to compare particle breakage in the process of three trials, and to point out the particle breakage under the action of vibration compaction should not be ignored the reason that the stress state is different between embankment and dam filler, and the weathered metamorphic filler particles in the low stress state was easy to produce a mass of particle breakage.
4. The optimal technological parameters and quality control specification applied to the weathered metamorphic soft rocks as embankment filler were propose through field filling and compaction tests, which including loose laying depth, rolling compaction times and sprinkling.
5. In order to better reflect the immersion settlement of soft weathered metamorphic rock embankment, the indoor large-scale test embankment (long6m, bottom width6m, top width4m, high1.6m) was built in the Asian largest slot (length100m, width7.5m, high2.8m) for the first time. Through the soaking load test of the embankment, the conclusion that the soaking settlement deformation of9.6m high embankment was more than6.12cm. According to the above result, the soft weathered metamorphic rock was successfully used as embankment filler in Zha-xiao free way, and to save the cost of the project about65million yuan, and to protect the local fragile ecological environment, and to make significant social and economic benefits. The result was found that the post construction settlement deformation of soft weathered metamorphic rock embankment is smaller and it's operation is good.
1.通过对三种不同构造岩石的强度试验,分析研究了风化程度对变质岩软硬程度划分的影响,指出了以往划分过程中存在的不足,提出了在判别变质岩为硬质石料或软质石料时,应充分考虑风化程度及构造对变质岩强度的影响,并选取合适试验方法的建议,依此评判划分了三种风化变质岩石的软硬程度,在此基础上通过对其中两种变质软岩的矿物分析试验、耐崩解试验、膨胀性试验,从微观矿物结构、组成及岩石的水理特性方面初步评判了风化变质软岩用作路堤填料的可行性。
2.运用数理统计的方法确定了风化变质软岩填料的颗粒级配参数,同时通过对风化变质软岩填料浸水前后的一系列对比试验,系统研究了风化变质软岩填料的密度特性、承载比(CBR)特性、压缩特性、强度特性及颗粒破碎特性,分析总结了水对上述特性的影响。
3.通过对振动击实试验、压缩试验及三轴试验后颗粒的筛分试验,详细研究了超粒径处理方法、浸水时间、振动次数及干湿循环次数对风化变质软岩填料颗粒破碎的影响,同时对比分析了三种试验过程中的颗粒破碎情况,指出了风化变质软岩路堤填料在振动击实过程中的颗粒破碎不容忽视,并从公路路堤应力状态及风化变质软岩填料颗粒强度低、易破碎的角度出发,解释了其原因。
4.通过现场填筑压实试验,研究了不同松铺厚度、碾压遍数及洒水碾压方式等对风化变质软岩填料压实特性的影响,并采用沉降量法、灌水密度法、弯沉等多种方法对路堤压实质量进行了检测控制,提出了适合风化变质软岩路堤的最佳施工工艺参数及压实质量控制方法。
5.为了研究柞小高速公路拟建风化变质软岩路堤浸水后的沉降情况,首次在亚洲最大的土槽内(长100m,宽7.5m,高2.8m)修筑了室内大比例尺(长6m,底宽6m,顶宽4m,高1.6m)试验路堤,通过对试验路堤的浸水载荷试验,得到了现场高9.6m路堤浸水后沉降值不超过6.12cm的结论,小于《公路路基设计规范》(JTG D30-2004)规定的10cm标准,依此成功地将本文研究的风化变质软岩用作了柞小高速公路的路堤填料,节约了工程费用约6500万(其中不包括因取用砂砾引起河床下切导致的工程防护费用),并保护了当地的生态环境。该试验弥补了以往模型试验中试样尺寸过小的不足,较好地反映了风化变质软岩路堤的浸水沉降情况,是一种可以推荐使用的方法。通过对现场风化变质软岩路堤长达330天的工后沉降监测以及两年来的实际运营情况表明,相应路段沉降较小,运营良好。
A lot of weathered Metamorphic soft rocks such as tunnel spoil and cut slope spoil would be generated in Qinling Mountain free way construction. If these weathered metamorphic soft rocks were used as embankment filler, which not only would reduce construction investment costs, and also would protect the local fragile ecological environment, with significant social and economic benefits. However, the weathered metamorphic soft rocks with low intensity, easily weathered, poor water stability characteristics, which can be used as embankment filler and how to be used become a serious problem. In response to the problem, on the basis of investigating, analyzing and summarizing the previous research achievements, this article depending on the Zha-xiao free way systematically and deeply studied on application of soft weathered metamorphic rock in Qin-ling mountains as free way embankment filler by means of laboratory and field experiments, the conclusions are listed as follows:
1. According to the results of strength tests of rock, the effects of the weathering degree to division of soft and hard rock are discussed. The weathering two-mica schist mylonite and mylonitic phyllite was identified as soft metamorphic rock, and the feasibility of the weathered metamorphic soft rocks as embankment filler was initially evaluated by means of the rock mineral analysis test, collapse test, swelling test.
2. The grain composition of weathered metamorphic soft rocks as embankment filler was definite by means of mathematical statistics method, and the characteristics such as grain composition, density, CBR, compression deformation, compressive creep, strength and particle breakage was discussed, especially the effect of the occurrence of water was disclosed.
3. The screening test on the grain composition was carried out after the vibration compaction test, compression test and triaxial shear test, to analyze in detail the effects of the super-size treatment method, soaking time, the vibration frequency and cycle numbers to particle crushing of soft weathered metamorphic rock filler, and to compare particle breakage in the process of three trials, and to point out the particle breakage under the action of vibration compaction should not be ignored the reason that the stress state is different between embankment and dam filler, and the weathered metamorphic filler particles in the low stress state was easy to produce a mass of particle breakage.
4. The optimal technological parameters and quality control specification applied to the weathered metamorphic soft rocks as embankment filler were propose through field filling and compaction tests, which including loose laying depth, rolling compaction times and sprinkling.
5. In order to better reflect the immersion settlement of soft weathered metamorphic rock embankment, the indoor large-scale test embankment (long6m, bottom width6m, top width4m, high1.6m) was built in the Asian largest slot (length100m, width7.5m, high2.8m) for the first time. Through the soaking load test of the embankment, the conclusion that the soaking settlement deformation of9.6m high embankment was more than6.12cm. According to the above result, the soft weathered metamorphic rock was successfully used as embankment filler in Zha-xiao free way, and to save the cost of the project about65million yuan, and to protect the local fragile ecological environment, and to make significant social and economic benefits. The result was found that the post construction settlement deformation of soft weathered metamorphic rock embankment is smaller and it's operation is good.
引文
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