秦沈客运专线涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度试验研究
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摘要
本文结合铁道部秦沈客运专线综合试验科技攻关项目(合同编号：2000G48-F-2)——涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度试验研究这一科研课题而完成。秦沈客运专线是我国第一条客运专线，是按时速200公里以上设计的我国第一条双线电气化客运专线，它代表了当今中国铁路建设的最新建设理念和最高技术水平，体现了具有运行速度高、技术含量高、质量要求高和规程规范新、技术标准新、施工工艺新——“三高三新”的特点。高速铁路在我国还处在刚起步阶段，新建时速200公里客运铁路在我国尚属开创性工程，前无实践工程，对它的研究有待进一步深入。
本文介绍了秦沈客运专线试验研究现状，介绍了涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度现场试验及其准备情况，分析了现场试验结果，讨论了涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度和列车速度对钢轨动应力、动土压力、盖板动应力以及行车安全性和舒适性的影响，得出列车高速运行情况下的涵洞动力系数和速度影响系数，并将试验结果与现有的研究成果进行了分析比较，采用有限元数值计算方法对涵洞在高速列车过载的情况进行了涵洞洞顶填土厚度优化计算，并将计算结果与试验结果进行了比较分析，最后提出了本文的结论，并提出相应的建议。
通过对秦沈客运专线涵洞洞顶填土厚度的试验研究，可得出以下几点主要结论：1．涵洞盖板板顶填土厚度越高，列车运行的舒适度越高，但沉降越大；2．通过综合比较，填土厚度选择1.20m是个较合适的厚度；3．涵洞钢轨、盖板和土压力动力系数随填土厚度增加而减小；4．三维有限元计算采用的计算模型和计算参数合理，理论计算结果与模型试验结果吻合较好，计算结果可靠。
This thesis is completed on the basis of the Ministry of Railways'
complex test--the study for different fill depth on the cover slabs
of the culverts on Qinhuangdao-Shenyang dedicated passenger line. In China, the line is the first dedicated passenger line, which is also the first double-track, electrified and dedicated passenger line designed according to the speed of 200km/h. The line stands for the newest design ideas and the first classic technology level of our countries' railway construction and embodies the characteristics of "three high and three new" which are high speed, high technology content, high quality requirement, new regulations and specifications, new technical standard and new construction technology. High-speed railway is at the phase of start and the newly-constructed and dedicated passenger line designed according to the speed of 200km/his an creative engineering in China, that is, there is no existing analogous one. So it is worth of more studies.
Firstly, the thesis introduces the studies of the tests on Qinhuangdao - Shenyang dedicated passenger line and also introduces the fields tests of different depth bankette on the cover slab of the culverts as well as their preparations on the line. Secondly, the thesis analyses the results of the field tests, discusses the influence of the different fills on the cover slab on the culverts and the speed of the trains for the dynamic stress of the steel of the steel rail, dynamic earth pressure, dynamic stress of the cover slab as well as running safety and comfort and then obtained the dynamic coefficient of the culverts and influence coefficient of the speed when trains run at high speed. Thirdly, the results of the test are compared and analyzed with existing research results, the finite element numerical method is adopted for computation for the optimal fill depth on the cover slab when the trains run at high speed on the culvert, and then the computation results are analyzed and compared with those of the
tests. Finally, the conclusion are presented and some advice accordingly in the thesis.
By studying the tests of the different depth fill on the cover slab of the culverts on Qinhuangdao - Shenyang dedicated passenger line, several principal conclusions are obtained as below:
1. the fill on the cover slab of the culverts is more thick, trains run more comfortably on it by the settlement is more large;
2. by complex comparing, 1. 2m is a relative reasonable thickness for the fills;
3. the dynamic coefficients of the steel rail on the culvert, the cover slab and earth pressure get small with the fill being thick;
4. the model and parameter adopted in the 3-D finite element computation are reasonable, the analytical results fit well with the results of the model test and the computation results are reliable.
本文介绍了秦沈客运专线试验研究现状，介绍了涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度现场试验及其准备情况，分析了现场试验结果，讨论了涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度和列车速度对钢轨动应力、动土压力、盖板动应力以及行车安全性和舒适性的影响，得出列车高速运行情况下的涵洞动力系数和速度影响系数，并将试验结果与现有的研究成果进行了分析比较，采用有限元数值计算方法对涵洞在高速列车过载的情况进行了涵洞洞顶填土厚度优化计算，并将计算结果与试验结果进行了比较分析，最后提出了本文的结论，并提出相应的建议。
通过对秦沈客运专线涵洞洞顶填土厚度的试验研究，可得出以下几点主要结论：1．涵洞盖板板顶填土厚度越高，列车运行的舒适度越高，但沉降越大；2．通过综合比较，填土厚度选择1.20m是个较合适的厚度；3．涵洞钢轨、盖板和土压力动力系数随填土厚度增加而减小；4．三维有限元计算采用的计算模型和计算参数合理，理论计算结果与模型试验结果吻合较好，计算结果可靠。
This thesis is completed on the basis of the Ministry of Railways'
complex test--the study for different fill depth on the cover slabs
of the culverts on Qinhuangdao-Shenyang dedicated passenger line. In China, the line is the first dedicated passenger line, which is also the first double-track, electrified and dedicated passenger line designed according to the speed of 200km/h. The line stands for the newest design ideas and the first classic technology level of our countries' railway construction and embodies the characteristics of "three high and three new" which are high speed, high technology content, high quality requirement, new regulations and specifications, new technical standard and new construction technology. High-speed railway is at the phase of start and the newly-constructed and dedicated passenger line designed according to the speed of 200km/his an creative engineering in China, that is, there is no existing analogous one. So it is worth of more studies.
Firstly, the thesis introduces the studies of the tests on Qinhuangdao - Shenyang dedicated passenger line and also introduces the fields tests of different depth bankette on the cover slab of the culverts as well as their preparations on the line. Secondly, the thesis analyses the results of the field tests, discusses the influence of the different fills on the cover slab on the culverts and the speed of the trains for the dynamic stress of the steel of the steel rail, dynamic earth pressure, dynamic stress of the cover slab as well as running safety and comfort and then obtained the dynamic coefficient of the culverts and influence coefficient of the speed when trains run at high speed. Thirdly, the results of the test are compared and analyzed with existing research results, the finite element numerical method is adopted for computation for the optimal fill depth on the cover slab when the trains run at high speed on the culvert, and then the computation results are analyzed and compared with those of the
tests. Finally, the conclusion are presented and some advice accordingly in the thesis.
By studying the tests of the different depth fill on the cover slab of the culverts on Qinhuangdao - Shenyang dedicated passenger line, several principal conclusions are obtained as below:
1. the fill on the cover slab of the culverts is more thick, trains run more comfortably on it by the settlement is more large;
2. by complex comparing, 1. 2m is a relative reasonable thickness for the fills;
3. the dynamic coefficients of the steel rail on the culvert, the cover slab and earth pressure get small with the fill being thick;
4. the model and parameter adopted in the 3-D finite element computation are reasonable, the analytical results fit well with the results of the model test and the computation results are reliable.
引文
[1] 王其昌主编．高速铁路土木工程．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1999
[2] 秦沈客运专线综合试验涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度试验研究报告，2003
[3] TB10002．1-99．铁路桥涵设计规范．北京：中国铁道出版社，1999
[4] 雷晓燕．铁路轨道结构数值分析方法．北京：中国铁道出版社，1998
[5] GB5599-85．铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范．北京：中国铁道出版社，1985
[6] 铁建管函[1998]279号．时速200公里新建铁路路线桥隧站设计暂行规定，1998
[7] 铁建管函[2003]13号．京沪高速铁路设计暂行规定(上、下册)，2003
[8] 童大塤主编．铁路轨道．北京：中国铁道出版社，1995
[9] 王勖成、邵敏．有限单元法原理与数值方法．北京：清华大学出版社，1988
[10] 翟婉明．车辆一轨道耦合力学．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
[11] 范俊杰．现代铁路轨道．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[12] 雷晓燕．轨道力学与工程新方法．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
[13] 管枫年等．涵洞．北京：水利水电出版社，1983
[14] Xiaoyan Lei. Dynamic analysis of track structure of high speed railway with finite elements, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Vol. 215, Part F, 301-309,2002
[15] 翟婉明．货物列车动力学性能评定标准的研究与建议方案(待续)——防脱轨安全性评定标准．铁道车辆，Vol．40，No．1，2002
[16] Mindlin. R.D. and Deresiewicz, H., Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique forces, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 75, pp. 327-344, 1953
[17] 佐藤吉彦．新轨道力学(中译本)．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[18] 曾树谷．铁路轨道动力测试技术．北京：中国铁道出版社，1988
[19] 美国ANSYS Inc．ANSYS使用手册．1998
[20] 陈水生等．铁路道床截面形状优化分析．铁道学报，Vol．19，No．1，1997
[21] 雷晓燕．道床极限承载力有限元分析．铁道学报，Vol．14，No．3，1992
[22] 雷晓燕．高速列车对道碴的动力响应．铁道学报，Vol．19，No．1，1997
[23] 雷晓燕等．高速铁路轨道结构力学模型参数研究．华东交通大学学报，Vol．16，No．2，1999
[24] 陈水生、雷晓燕．轨道结构空间动力响应分析．华东交通大学学报，Vol．16，No．1，1999
[25] 常杰峰．秦沈客运专线路基主要技术标准与设计．路基工程，No．5，2002
[26] 刘忠、万伟明．秦沈客运专线过渡段及基床表层级配碎石填筑的试验与检测．路基工程，No．1，2003
[27] 张师岸．秦沈客运专线涵洞基坑的回填方式．铁道建筑，No．2，2001
[28] 温建斌．秦沈客运专线路基施工．山西建筑，Vol．29，No．3，2003
[29] 邹杰、王军．秦沈客运专线路桥过渡段施工技术．工程科技，No．2，2002
[30] Goddard. J.D., Nonlinear elasticity and pressure-dependent wave speeds in granular media, proc. R. Soc. Lond.,Vol. A430, 1990
[31] Deresiewicz. H., Stress-strain relations for a simple model of a granular medium, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 25, pp. 402-406,1958
[32] Duffy, J. and Mindlin, R. D, Stress-strain relations and ribrations of a granular medium, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 24, pp. 585-593,1957
[33] Digby. P.J., The effective elastic model of porous granular rock, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 48, pp. 831-834, 1981
[34] Jenkins. J.r., Anisotropic elasticity for random arrays of identical spheres, Modern Theory of Anisotropic Elasticity and Applications, J. Wu, T.C.T. ting and D.M. Barnett, eds., SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 368-377,1981
[35] Norris. A.N. and Johnson. D.L., Nonlinear elasticity of granular media, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 64, pp. 39-49,1997
[36] 国振喜主编．简明钢筋混凝土结构计算手册．北京：机械工业出版衽，2002
[37] 上海铁道学院主编．铁路轨道及路基．北京：中国铁道出版社，1979
[38] 谢天辅．铁路轨道结构静力学计算问题．北京：中国铁道出版社，1979
[39] 中华人民共和国国家标准．混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010—2000)．北京：
中国建筑工业出版社，2002
[40] 高名游等编．钢筋混凝土结构设计实例．北京：中国铁道出版社，1997
[41] 铁道部第四勘测设计院桥隧处．涵洞设计手册．武昌：1997
[42] 毛利军等．提速线路轨道过渡段动力响应分析．华东交通大学学报，Vol．18，No．1，2001
[43] 雷晓燕、毛利军．线路随机不平顺对车辆-耦合系统动力响应分析．华东交通大学学报，Vol．22，No．6，2001
[44] Fuheng Yang, Ghislain. An Interactive Solution Method for Dynamic Response of Bridge-vehicles Systems [J].A Fonder Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1996
[45] 管天保等．重载列车轮轨动力作用有线元分析．中国铁道科学，Vol．16，No．1，1995
[46] ARNOLD D. KERR, BRIAN E. MORONEY. Track Transition Problems and Remedies [J]. Bulletin 742-American Railway Engineering Association, 267
[47] Hinton, E. and Owen.,D.J.R.. Finite Element Programming, Academic Press, 1977
[48] Hinton, E. and Owen.. Finite Element in Plasticity: Theory and Practice, Pineridge Press Limited, Swansea, U.K.
[49] 朱伯芳．有限元单元法原理及其应用．北京：水利电力出版社，1979
[50] Klaus-juregen bajbe. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis[J].Prentice-Hall. inc.. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey, 1982
[51] Atkinson J.H. and Hransby P.. Mcehanics of soil. McGraw-Hill. New York, 1979
[52] S.L. Narasimhan and N.S.V. Kameswara Rao.. Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Some Soil-Foundation Interaction Problems. Finite Elements in Computational Mechanics. Pergamon Press, 1985
[53] 刘成宇主编．土力学．北京：中国铁道出版社，1997
[54] 钱家欢，殷宗泽．土工原理与计算．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1996
[55] Naylor, D.J. Pande, G.N. & Simpson, B. Finite Elements in Geotechnical Engineering. Pineridge Press Ltd. U.K. 1981
[2] 秦沈客运专线综合试验涵洞洞顶不同填土厚度试验研究报告，2003
[3] TB10002．1-99．铁路桥涵设计规范．北京：中国铁道出版社，1999
[4] 雷晓燕．铁路轨道结构数值分析方法．北京：中国铁道出版社，1998
[5] GB5599-85．铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范．北京：中国铁道出版社，1985
[6] 铁建管函[1998]279号．时速200公里新建铁路路线桥隧站设计暂行规定，1998
[7] 铁建管函[2003]13号．京沪高速铁路设计暂行规定(上、下册)，2003
[8] 童大塤主编．铁路轨道．北京：中国铁道出版社，1995
[9] 王勖成、邵敏．有限单元法原理与数值方法．北京：清华大学出版社，1988
[10] 翟婉明．车辆一轨道耦合力学．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
[11] 范俊杰．现代铁路轨道．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[12] 雷晓燕．轨道力学与工程新方法．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
[13] 管枫年等．涵洞．北京：水利水电出版社，1983
[14] Xiaoyan Lei. Dynamic analysis of track structure of high speed railway with finite elements, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Vol. 215, Part F, 301-309,2002
[15] 翟婉明．货物列车动力学性能评定标准的研究与建议方案(待续)——防脱轨安全性评定标准．铁道车辆，Vol．40，No．1，2002
[16] Mindlin. R.D. and Deresiewicz, H., Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique forces, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 75, pp. 327-344, 1953
[17] 佐藤吉彦．新轨道力学(中译本)．北京：中国铁道出版社，2001
[18] 曾树谷．铁路轨道动力测试技术．北京：中国铁道出版社，1988
[19] 美国ANSYS Inc．ANSYS使用手册．1998
[20] 陈水生等．铁路道床截面形状优化分析．铁道学报，Vol．19，No．1，1997
[21] 雷晓燕．道床极限承载力有限元分析．铁道学报，Vol．14，No．3，1992
[22] 雷晓燕．高速列车对道碴的动力响应．铁道学报，Vol．19，No．1，1997
[23] 雷晓燕等．高速铁路轨道结构力学模型参数研究．华东交通大学学报，Vol．16，No．2，1999
[24] 陈水生、雷晓燕．轨道结构空间动力响应分析．华东交通大学学报，Vol．16，No．1，1999
[25] 常杰峰．秦沈客运专线路基主要技术标准与设计．路基工程，No．5，2002
[26] 刘忠、万伟明．秦沈客运专线过渡段及基床表层级配碎石填筑的试验与检测．路基工程，No．1，2003
[27] 张师岸．秦沈客运专线涵洞基坑的回填方式．铁道建筑，No．2，2001
[28] 温建斌．秦沈客运专线路基施工．山西建筑，Vol．29，No．3，2003
[29] 邹杰、王军．秦沈客运专线路桥过渡段施工技术．工程科技，No．2，2002
[30] Goddard. J.D., Nonlinear elasticity and pressure-dependent wave speeds in granular media, proc. R. Soc. Lond.,Vol. A430, 1990
[31] Deresiewicz. H., Stress-strain relations for a simple model of a granular medium, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 25, pp. 402-406,1958
[32] Duffy, J. and Mindlin, R. D, Stress-strain relations and ribrations of a granular medium, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 24, pp. 585-593,1957
[33] Digby. P.J., The effective elastic model of porous granular rock, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 48, pp. 831-834, 1981
[34] Jenkins. J.r., Anisotropic elasticity for random arrays of identical spheres, Modern Theory of Anisotropic Elasticity and Applications, J. Wu, T.C.T. ting and D.M. Barnett, eds., SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 368-377,1981
[35] Norris. A.N. and Johnson. D.L., Nonlinear elasticity of granular media, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 64, pp. 39-49,1997
[36] 国振喜主编．简明钢筋混凝土结构计算手册．北京：机械工业出版衽，2002
[37] 上海铁道学院主编．铁路轨道及路基．北京：中国铁道出版社，1979
[38] 谢天辅．铁路轨道结构静力学计算问题．北京：中国铁道出版社，1979
[39] 中华人民共和国国家标准．混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010—2000)．北京：
中国建筑工业出版社，2002
[40] 高名游等编．钢筋混凝土结构设计实例．北京：中国铁道出版社，1997
[41] 铁道部第四勘测设计院桥隧处．涵洞设计手册．武昌：1997
[42] 毛利军等．提速线路轨道过渡段动力响应分析．华东交通大学学报，Vol．18，No．1，2001
[43] 雷晓燕、毛利军．线路随机不平顺对车辆-耦合系统动力响应分析．华东交通大学学报，Vol．22，No．6，2001
[44] Fuheng Yang, Ghislain. An Interactive Solution Method for Dynamic Response of Bridge-vehicles Systems [J].A Fonder Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1996
[45] 管天保等．重载列车轮轨动力作用有线元分析．中国铁道科学，Vol．16，No．1，1995
[46] ARNOLD D. KERR, BRIAN E. MORONEY. Track Transition Problems and Remedies [J]. Bulletin 742-American Railway Engineering Association, 267
[47] Hinton, E. and Owen.,D.J.R.. Finite Element Programming, Academic Press, 1977
[48] Hinton, E. and Owen.. Finite Element in Plasticity: Theory and Practice, Pineridge Press Limited, Swansea, U.K.
[49] 朱伯芳．有限元单元法原理及其应用．北京：水利电力出版社，1979
[50] Klaus-juregen bajbe. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis[J].Prentice-Hall. inc.. Englewood cliffs, New Jersey, 1982
[51] Atkinson J.H. and Hransby P.. Mcehanics of soil. McGraw-Hill. New York, 1979
[52] S.L. Narasimhan and N.S.V. Kameswara Rao.. Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Some Soil-Foundation Interaction Problems. Finite Elements in Computational Mechanics. Pergamon Press, 1985
[53] 刘成宇主编．土力学．北京：中国铁道出版社，1997
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