杀虫剂对龙眼角颊木虱田间种群毒理及对天敌瓢虫的安全性研究
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摘要
不同地理种群的龙眼角颊木虱对杀虫剂敏感性存在明显差异,对同一种药剂,福州种群的敏感性高于仙游种群,这与两地种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACHE)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)活力存在显著差异相关,但与谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)活力差异无关或相关性较小。同一地理种群龙眼角颊木虱的不同虫态对药剂的敏感性有明显差异,对同一种药剂,龙眼角颊木虱若虫的敏感性随着虫龄的增加而降低,与不同龄期若虫之间的AChE、CarE、GSTs活力存在显著差异相关,成虫的AChE、CarE活力显著高于若虫,但GSTs活力低于若虫。
同一种杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫LC_(50)大于对四斑月瓢虫的LC_(50),对龟纹瓢虫与龙眼角颊木虱的毒力选择指数(天敌LC_(50)害虫LC_(50))大于四斑月瓢虫。以毒力选择指数进行安全性分析评价,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、氟虫腈对天敌瓢虫的安全性最高,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯次之,三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯对天敌瓢虫的安全性较低,毒死蜱的安全性最低。在龙眼角颊木虱1、2龄若虫期进行化学防治对天敌瓢虫的选择性较高,可以更好地保护天敌瓢虫。
龟纹瓢虫和四斑月瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱的日捕食量都是随着猎物密度的增加而增加,捕食功反应均符合HollingⅡ型圆盘方程。在相同猎物和密度条件下,四斑月瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱的日捕食量大于龟纹瓢虫,该2种天敌瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱成虫在10头·瓶~(-1)、20头·瓶~(-1)猎物密度条件下的日捕食量差异不显著(p＞0.05),其它处理,差异均达极显著水平(p＜0.01)。2种天敌瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱成虫的日捕食量小于若虫,对若虫的日捕食量都是随着虫龄的增加而减少。
杀虫剂亚致死剂量降低龟纹瓢虫、四斑月瓢虫对猎物的捕食量,但不会影响捕食功能反应模型,只是模型参数发生变化,对猎物的瞬时攻击率a下降,处理时间T_h延长,寻找效应S降低.氟虫腈对龟纹瓢虫的捕食功能影响大于对四斑月瓢虫,其它几种杀虫剂对四斑月瓢虫的影响大于对龟纹瓢虫。
从杀虫剂对天敌瓢虫和害虫的毒力、毒力选择指数及亚致死剂量对瓢虫捕食功能的影响等进行综合分析,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、氟虫腈、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯对2种天敌瓢虫的控害效能影响较小,安全性较高,三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、毒死蜱对天敌瓢虫控害效能影响较大,安全性低。
The studies on susceptibility of Cornegenapsylla sinica from different sites in Fujian province to insecticides were conducted.The results indicated that the Cornegenapsylla sinica in Fuzhou orchard performed more susceptible to insecticides than those in Xianyou county orchard.The different susceptibilities of C.sinica to insecticides between Fuzhou and Xianyou orchard correlated with the activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and carboxylesterase(CarE),but there were not prominent correlation with the activity of glutathione-s-transferase(GSTs).In the same orchard,the different phase of C.sinica showed notable different susceptibility to a same insecticide. To a same insecticide,the susceptibility of nymph of C.sinica in the same orchard was descended as the instar increased.The discrepancy were mainly associated with the activities of ACHE,CarE,GSTs.Compared to the nymph of C.sinica,the activities of ACHE,CarE of adult performed more than that of nymph,but the activity of GSTs reversed.
The toxicity and selective toxicity ratio of different insecticides to Propylaea japonica(Thunberg)and Chilomenes quadriplagiata Swartz were studied.It indicated that the LC_(50)of a same insecticide to P.japonica were more than that of C. quadriplagiata,and the selective toxicity ratio also did.Analysis on the toxicity and selective toxicity ratio of different insecticides to predatory ladybirds.The results showed that the imidacloprid,thiamethoxam and fipronil performed lower toxicity but higher selective toxicity ratio to predatory ladybirds,the insecticides of avermectin and alphacypermethrin taked the second place,but cyhalothrin,deltamethrin,fenvalerate, fenpropathrin and chlorpyrifos performed the higher toxicity but lower selective toxicity ratio.The chlorpyrifos performed the lowest selective toxicity ratio among all the experiment insecticides.Furthermore,the selective toxicity ratio of a same insecticide to 1-2~(nd)instar nymph of C.sinica and predatory ladybirds were higher than that of 3-4~(th) instar nymph and adult did.The toxicity test of insecticides to C.sinica and predatory ladybirds could instruct the pests control in Longan orchards.
The functional response of P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata to C.sinica conformed to the model of HollingⅡ.In the same prey density of the same instar nymph or adult, the larger of predatory quantity,higher sudden attacking rate and lower handle time of C.quadriplagiata compared to the P.japonica were observed.Except on the prey density of 10 and 20 pests per bottle of adult of C.sinica,there were significant discrepancy(p<0.01)of predatory quantity between P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata. The predatory quantity sequence of ladybirds to different development phase of C.sinica were 1-2~(nd)instar nymph,3-4~(th)instar nymph and adult,respectively.
Sublethal doses of insecticides could reduce the predatory quantity of ladybirds to C. sinica.The studies revealed that the functional response of ladybirds which pretreated with sublethal doses of insecticides were still conformed to the model of HollingⅡ,just only the parameters of model had atlered,the alteration showed that sudden attacking rate "a",handle time "T_h" and the searching efficiencies "S" were reduced.But different insecticides performed different effects on the fuctional response.Except fipronil,a same insecticide performed more severe effects on C.quadriplagiata than P.japonica.
Integrated analysis on the effects of different insecticides on the predatory ladybirds from aspect of toxicity,selective toxicity ratio and the sublethal doses effected on the functional response.It showed that the insecticides of imidacloprid,thiamethoxam, fipronil,avermectinhad and alphacypermethrin performed more safety and less adverse effects on P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata,but the insecticides of cyhalothrin, deltamethrin,fenvalerate,fenpropathrin and chlorpyrifos performed the less safety and more severe adverse effects on the two kinds of predatory ladybirds.
同一种杀虫剂对龟纹瓢虫LC_(50)大于对四斑月瓢虫的LC_(50),对龟纹瓢虫与龙眼角颊木虱的毒力选择指数(天敌LC_(50)害虫LC_(50))大于四斑月瓢虫。以毒力选择指数进行安全性分析评价,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、氟虫腈对天敌瓢虫的安全性最高,阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯次之,三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯对天敌瓢虫的安全性较低,毒死蜱的安全性最低。在龙眼角颊木虱1、2龄若虫期进行化学防治对天敌瓢虫的选择性较高,可以更好地保护天敌瓢虫。
龟纹瓢虫和四斑月瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱的日捕食量都是随着猎物密度的增加而增加,捕食功反应均符合HollingⅡ型圆盘方程。在相同猎物和密度条件下,四斑月瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱的日捕食量大于龟纹瓢虫,该2种天敌瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱成虫在10头·瓶~(-1)、20头·瓶~(-1)猎物密度条件下的日捕食量差异不显著(p＞0.05),其它处理,差异均达极显著水平(p＜0.01)。2种天敌瓢虫对龙眼角颊木虱成虫的日捕食量小于若虫,对若虫的日捕食量都是随着虫龄的增加而减少。
杀虫剂亚致死剂量降低龟纹瓢虫、四斑月瓢虫对猎物的捕食量,但不会影响捕食功能反应模型,只是模型参数发生变化,对猎物的瞬时攻击率a下降,处理时间T_h延长,寻找效应S降低.氟虫腈对龟纹瓢虫的捕食功能影响大于对四斑月瓢虫,其它几种杀虫剂对四斑月瓢虫的影响大于对龟纹瓢虫。
从杀虫剂对天敌瓢虫和害虫的毒力、毒力选择指数及亚致死剂量对瓢虫捕食功能的影响等进行综合分析,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、氟虫腈、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯对2种天敌瓢虫的控害效能影响较小,安全性较高,三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、毒死蜱对天敌瓢虫控害效能影响较大,安全性低。
The studies on susceptibility of Cornegenapsylla sinica from different sites in Fujian province to insecticides were conducted.The results indicated that the Cornegenapsylla sinica in Fuzhou orchard performed more susceptible to insecticides than those in Xianyou county orchard.The different susceptibilities of C.sinica to insecticides between Fuzhou and Xianyou orchard correlated with the activities of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and carboxylesterase(CarE),but there were not prominent correlation with the activity of glutathione-s-transferase(GSTs).In the same orchard,the different phase of C.sinica showed notable different susceptibility to a same insecticide. To a same insecticide,the susceptibility of nymph of C.sinica in the same orchard was descended as the instar increased.The discrepancy were mainly associated with the activities of ACHE,CarE,GSTs.Compared to the nymph of C.sinica,the activities of ACHE,CarE of adult performed more than that of nymph,but the activity of GSTs reversed.
The toxicity and selective toxicity ratio of different insecticides to Propylaea japonica(Thunberg)and Chilomenes quadriplagiata Swartz were studied.It indicated that the LC_(50)of a same insecticide to P.japonica were more than that of C. quadriplagiata,and the selective toxicity ratio also did.Analysis on the toxicity and selective toxicity ratio of different insecticides to predatory ladybirds.The results showed that the imidacloprid,thiamethoxam and fipronil performed lower toxicity but higher selective toxicity ratio to predatory ladybirds,the insecticides of avermectin and alphacypermethrin taked the second place,but cyhalothrin,deltamethrin,fenvalerate, fenpropathrin and chlorpyrifos performed the higher toxicity but lower selective toxicity ratio.The chlorpyrifos performed the lowest selective toxicity ratio among all the experiment insecticides.Furthermore,the selective toxicity ratio of a same insecticide to 1-2~(nd)instar nymph of C.sinica and predatory ladybirds were higher than that of 3-4~(th) instar nymph and adult did.The toxicity test of insecticides to C.sinica and predatory ladybirds could instruct the pests control in Longan orchards.
The functional response of P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata to C.sinica conformed to the model of HollingⅡ.In the same prey density of the same instar nymph or adult, the larger of predatory quantity,higher sudden attacking rate and lower handle time of C.quadriplagiata compared to the P.japonica were observed.Except on the prey density of 10 and 20 pests per bottle of adult of C.sinica,there were significant discrepancy(p<0.01)of predatory quantity between P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata. The predatory quantity sequence of ladybirds to different development phase of C.sinica were 1-2~(nd)instar nymph,3-4~(th)instar nymph and adult,respectively.
Sublethal doses of insecticides could reduce the predatory quantity of ladybirds to C. sinica.The studies revealed that the functional response of ladybirds which pretreated with sublethal doses of insecticides were still conformed to the model of HollingⅡ,just only the parameters of model had atlered,the alteration showed that sudden attacking rate "a",handle time "T_h" and the searching efficiencies "S" were reduced.But different insecticides performed different effects on the fuctional response.Except fipronil,a same insecticide performed more severe effects on C.quadriplagiata than P.japonica.
Integrated analysis on the effects of different insecticides on the predatory ladybirds from aspect of toxicity,selective toxicity ratio and the sublethal doses effected on the functional response.It showed that the insecticides of imidacloprid,thiamethoxam, fipronil,avermectinhad and alphacypermethrin performed more safety and less adverse effects on P.japonica and C.quadriplagiata,but the insecticides of cyhalothrin, deltamethrin,fenvalerate,fenpropathrin and chlorpyrifos performed the less safety and more severe adverse effects on the two kinds of predatory ladybirds.
引文
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