基于风险的大型原油储罐防火间距研究
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摘要
储罐及储备库的大型化集约化发展，虽然给国家原油储备提供了便利，但也给储罐间防火间距的合理性设置提出新的挑战。防火间距过大会极大的提高原油储备工程建设的成本，防火间距过小则会增加储罐间火灾蔓延的风险，给原油储备的安全运行埋下巨大隐患。综合对比了国内外大型原油储罐的防火间距设定原则和标准，统计分析了大型外浮顶储罐的火灾事故及其风险因素，研究了大型外浮顶储罐火灾环境模拟方法和火灾环境下邻近储罐的热响应过程模拟方法，提出了储罐失效风险的概念并建立了储罐失效风险计算模型，依据ALARP原则制定了针对不同失效模式的储罐失效风险容许标准。将研究成果结合工程实例应用表明在现有标准中的防火间距布局下，储罐失效风险值处于可容许风险，仍需采取防护措施尽可能的予以降低。论文的研究成果为大型原油储罐的防火间距设置提供了科学合理的方法。
The upsizing development of tank and petroleum storage depot, provide aconvenient to the national crude oil reserves, but also present new challenges to thereasonable set of fire protection space. long fire protection space greatly increas thecost of petroleum storage depot, small fire prevention space will increase the risk ofthe spread of fire between the tanks and planted a huge risk to the safe operation ofcrude oil reserves. This paper analysis the petroleum storage tank fire protection spaceseting principles and standards at home and abroad, statistical analysis of a largefloating roof tanks fire accident and its risk factors, large external floating roof tankfire environment simulation methods and process simulation method of the thermalresponse of the tank in the fire environment, and developed a single tank riskcalculation model, according the the ALARP principle single tank risk allowablestandards were developed for different failure modes. the application of the researchproject in engineering cases shows that for the existing fire prevention space standard,single tank risk is allowable risk, which need taking protective measures to reduce thesingle tank risk as much as possible. Thesis research provide a scientific and rationalway for large petroleum storage tank fire protection space seting.
The upsizing development of tank and petroleum storage depot, provide aconvenient to the national crude oil reserves, but also present new challenges to thereasonable set of fire protection space. long fire protection space greatly increas thecost of petroleum storage depot, small fire prevention space will increase the risk ofthe spread of fire between the tanks and planted a huge risk to the safe operation ofcrude oil reserves. This paper analysis the petroleum storage tank fire protection spaceseting principles and standards at home and abroad, statistical analysis of a largefloating roof tanks fire accident and its risk factors, large external floating roof tankfire environment simulation methods and process simulation method of the thermalresponse of the tank in the fire environment, and developed a single tank riskcalculation model, according the the ALARP principle single tank risk allowablestandards were developed for different failure modes. the application of the researchproject in engineering cases shows that for the existing fire prevention space standard,single tank risk is allowable risk, which need taking protective measures to reduce thesingle tank risk as much as possible. Thesis research provide a scientific and rationalway for large petroleum storage tank fire protection space seting.
引文
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