中国CH_4柱浓度时空分布及排量研究
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摘要
由于气候与人类生存和发展关系密切,气候变化的研究已成为近年来研究的热点。随着人类活动的深入,人为因素对气候变化的影响日渐突出,人类活动所排放的温室气体对气候变化的影响是探讨的热点问题。而CH4作为一种除CO2之外的最重要的温室气体,越来越受到普遍关注。
目前,各国纷纷出台相应政策应对气候变化,其中控制温室气体的排放被作为重要任务被提出来,作为温室气体排放大国之一的中国,制定减排政策以及政策的落实,都需要有准确的基础数据,其中包括CH4分布现状以及温室气体人为源排放量的估算数据。因此研究中国大气CH4浓度时空分布状况及其对我国人为源排放的估算显得尤为重要：
通过我国唯一的全球大气本底站——瓦里关山站,了解我国大气背景场CH4浓度变化规律情况,得到我国瓦里关山地区的CH4浓度呈准周期逐年上升趋势。浓度季变化与全球CH4浓度平均季节变化不一致,表现为夏高冬低,季变化幅度也明显小于同纬度地区,这与瓦里关山的源汇季节性变化有关。
Bremen火学用WMF-DOAS方法反演的SCIAMACHY传感器的CH4柱浓度数据能够很好的表现对流层CH4源的分布变化情况。采用克里金插值法对我国区域内的SCIAMACHY传感数据插值,得到20003-2005年我国CH4柱浓度月平均分布图。通过对中国CH4柱浓度月平均分布的栅格统计以及对各区域的统计,了解中国CH4柱浓度的时空分布状况。中国CH4柱浓度的空间分布与全球平均大气CH4浓度分布差异明显,最高值出现在我国四川、重庆、贵州、云南等省份交界的地方,最低值出现在青藏高原地区。从全年来看,中国CH4柱浓度最高值出现的月份为7、8、9月份,最低值出现在12月份,以及1、2月份。
结合国家统计局的统计数据,根据IPCC清单指南提供的温室气体清单编制方法,结合国内外的研究成果,选取适合我国的排放因子和研究方法,分能源利用、农业活动、废弃物处置三大部分对我国2000-2007年CH4的人为源排放进行了系统的估算。估算的结果表明,我国的CH4排放量随时间变化日益增大,2007年略有下降,从三大部分来看,能源排放所占比例呈现递增趋势。各省排放量状况地区差异明显,主要表现为不同省份由于经济条件、自然环境的差异,CH4排放量差别很大,各排放源的配置也各不相同,可以分为能源利用、农业活动、废弃物处置排放为主三类区域。对单位面积CH4排放量统计结果表明,我国CH4浓度排放呈现西高东低分布形势。
Because the climate is close to the survival and development of human, in recent year the research of climate change has become a topical issue. With the further human activities and the increasingly prominent effect of climate change by human factors, the depthn exploration impact of climate change from the emissions of greenhouse gases by human activities is a hot topic. The methane as one of the most important greenhouse gases besides carbon dioxide is getting more and more widespread attention.
At present, countries have issued corresponding policy on climate change, including the control of greenhouse gas emissions which is brought up as a crucial task. China, as one of the greenhouse gas emissions powers, requires accurate basic data for formulating emission reduction policies and their implementation. So it is very important to investigate the time-space distribution about the methane density of China atmosphere.
With the data from Waliguan site, which is the only global atmospheric background station in China, our study obtains the law of the Chinese methane density in atmospheric background field. The conclusion is that around this area the density of the methane is growing all the time, but it is different from the global average seasonal change. The density of the methane in summer is higher than in winter, and the rangeability there is smaller than the same latitudes. All of these are related to the seasonal variation of source and sink there.
The data of methane column vertical density provided by Bremen University through the WMF-DOSA method inverted from SCIAMACHY sensor can be a very good performance of distribution of methane sources in the troposphere. Using Ordinary Kriging interception, three years of monthly distribution of CH4 vertical colume density of China were obtained.The change of comprehensive function in the source and sink about our methane column vertical density over time is come by through the study of methane distribution in the space-time. Our study gets the differences between the country's spatial distribution of the vertical column density and the concentration distribution of the atmospheric methane through the analysis of the Chinese methane grid and regional distribution. The conclusion is that the maximum value appears at the junctional place of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces and the lowest in the Qinghai-tibet plateau area. Judging from the year-round situation the highest column concentration value of the methane appears in July, August and September and the lowest appears in November, January and February in China.
Combined the statistics of National bureau, according to the guide list of greenhouse gases provided by the IPCC, our study systematically estimate anthropogenic sources with a method that is suitable to Chinese emissions and study from three parts including energy utilization, agricultural activities and waste disposal in 2000-2007. The estimated results show that our methane emissions are growing over time except a slightly decrease in 2007. Among the three components the proportion of energy emissions has been increasing. The regional differences among all provinces emissions are obvious which present in provinces'variation such as economic condition, natural environment. Not only the methane emissions but also the configuration of the emissions sources are quite different. The area can be devided into energy utilization, agricultural activity and waste disposal according to the sources of emissions. The statistical results of the methane emissions of unit area in China show that the density distribution of methane emissions presents higher in west and lower in the east.
目前,各国纷纷出台相应政策应对气候变化,其中控制温室气体的排放被作为重要任务被提出来,作为温室气体排放大国之一的中国,制定减排政策以及政策的落实,都需要有准确的基础数据,其中包括CH4分布现状以及温室气体人为源排放量的估算数据。因此研究中国大气CH4浓度时空分布状况及其对我国人为源排放的估算显得尤为重要：
通过我国唯一的全球大气本底站——瓦里关山站,了解我国大气背景场CH4浓度变化规律情况,得到我国瓦里关山地区的CH4浓度呈准周期逐年上升趋势。浓度季变化与全球CH4浓度平均季节变化不一致,表现为夏高冬低,季变化幅度也明显小于同纬度地区,这与瓦里关山的源汇季节性变化有关。
Bremen火学用WMF-DOAS方法反演的SCIAMACHY传感器的CH4柱浓度数据能够很好的表现对流层CH4源的分布变化情况。采用克里金插值法对我国区域内的SCIAMACHY传感数据插值,得到20003-2005年我国CH4柱浓度月平均分布图。通过对中国CH4柱浓度月平均分布的栅格统计以及对各区域的统计,了解中国CH4柱浓度的时空分布状况。中国CH4柱浓度的空间分布与全球平均大气CH4浓度分布差异明显,最高值出现在我国四川、重庆、贵州、云南等省份交界的地方,最低值出现在青藏高原地区。从全年来看,中国CH4柱浓度最高值出现的月份为7、8、9月份,最低值出现在12月份,以及1、2月份。
结合国家统计局的统计数据,根据IPCC清单指南提供的温室气体清单编制方法,结合国内外的研究成果,选取适合我国的排放因子和研究方法,分能源利用、农业活动、废弃物处置三大部分对我国2000-2007年CH4的人为源排放进行了系统的估算。估算的结果表明,我国的CH4排放量随时间变化日益增大,2007年略有下降,从三大部分来看,能源排放所占比例呈现递增趋势。各省排放量状况地区差异明显,主要表现为不同省份由于经济条件、自然环境的差异,CH4排放量差别很大,各排放源的配置也各不相同,可以分为能源利用、农业活动、废弃物处置排放为主三类区域。对单位面积CH4排放量统计结果表明,我国CH4浓度排放呈现西高东低分布形势。
Because the climate is close to the survival and development of human, in recent year the research of climate change has become a topical issue. With the further human activities and the increasingly prominent effect of climate change by human factors, the depthn exploration impact of climate change from the emissions of greenhouse gases by human activities is a hot topic. The methane as one of the most important greenhouse gases besides carbon dioxide is getting more and more widespread attention.
At present, countries have issued corresponding policy on climate change, including the control of greenhouse gas emissions which is brought up as a crucial task. China, as one of the greenhouse gas emissions powers, requires accurate basic data for formulating emission reduction policies and their implementation. So it is very important to investigate the time-space distribution about the methane density of China atmosphere.
With the data from Waliguan site, which is the only global atmospheric background station in China, our study obtains the law of the Chinese methane density in atmospheric background field. The conclusion is that around this area the density of the methane is growing all the time, but it is different from the global average seasonal change. The density of the methane in summer is higher than in winter, and the rangeability there is smaller than the same latitudes. All of these are related to the seasonal variation of source and sink there.
The data of methane column vertical density provided by Bremen University through the WMF-DOSA method inverted from SCIAMACHY sensor can be a very good performance of distribution of methane sources in the troposphere. Using Ordinary Kriging interception, three years of monthly distribution of CH4 vertical colume density of China were obtained.The change of comprehensive function in the source and sink about our methane column vertical density over time is come by through the study of methane distribution in the space-time. Our study gets the differences between the country's spatial distribution of the vertical column density and the concentration distribution of the atmospheric methane through the analysis of the Chinese methane grid and regional distribution. The conclusion is that the maximum value appears at the junctional place of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces and the lowest in the Qinghai-tibet plateau area. Judging from the year-round situation the highest column concentration value of the methane appears in July, August and September and the lowest appears in November, January and February in China.
Combined the statistics of National bureau, according to the guide list of greenhouse gases provided by the IPCC, our study systematically estimate anthropogenic sources with a method that is suitable to Chinese emissions and study from three parts including energy utilization, agricultural activities and waste disposal in 2000-2007. The estimated results show that our methane emissions are growing over time except a slightly decrease in 2007. Among the three components the proportion of energy emissions has been increasing. The regional differences among all provinces emissions are obvious which present in provinces'variation such as economic condition, natural environment. Not only the methane emissions but also the configuration of the emissions sources are quite different. The area can be devided into energy utilization, agricultural activity and waste disposal according to the sources of emissions. The statistical results of the methane emissions of unit area in China show that the density distribution of methane emissions presents higher in west and lower in the east.
引文
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