临安冬、夏季三种气态物质本底特征及其与气象条件的关系研究
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摘要
长江三角洲地区是我国经济发展最快的地区之一。该地区的工业化和城市化的发展,严重的影响到了长三角地区的空气环境质量。因此,分析该地区近地面污染物变化规律,对于改善该地区大气环境质量有着非常重要的意义。本文利用临安区域大气本底站2003～2004年冬、夏季近地面NO2、SO2、O3浓度的观测资料,分析了这三种污染物浓度、假日效应和与气象条件的关系。得到如下结论：
1.NO2和SO2浓度冬季日均值变化剧烈,夏季平缓；O3相反,且浓度值相近。NO2日均值和小时均值超标率都很小,SO2冬季的超标率都很高,其中小时均值的超标率为21.8%。NO2和SO2在夏季出现低值的频率高,O3冬季出现低值的频率高。NO2日变化呈“单峰单谷”型分布,白天出现“谷”,夜间出现“峰”；SO2没有出现明显的“峰谷”型分布但也是夜间高白天低；O3以单峰型分布,白天达到最大。
2.NO2、SO2假日的浓度低于非假日的浓度,且非假日的浓度周五最高,假日浓度春节最低。O3浓度没有表现出明显的“假日效应”。NO2和SO2的最高值出现在周五,最低值一般出现在周末；O3最高值出现在周三。春节前三天污染物浓度开始降低；春节期间的污染物浓度保持很低的状态,仅在初五时出现了一个小的峰值；春节过后,污染物浓度迅速升高。
3.O3浓度日变化与温度日变化趋势相近,NO2与SO2浓度与相对湿度的日变化相近。降水日NO2浓度略比非降水日低,但在中午时的浓度要高些；SO2的降水清除率高、；O3浓度也是降水日比非降水日低很多,可能与降水对O3前体物的清除有关。临安冬季高NO2浓度主要与东北(NE)风有关,而夏季又集中于西北(NW)和西西北(WNW); SO2夏季与风向关系与N02相同,但冬季高S02浓度分别与南西南(SSW)和西西北来向的风有关；03与风向的关系比较复杂,与局地生成的03有关。阴天时NO2、SO2浓度比晴天低,而03仅在中午时的浓度比晴天略低。
Yangtze River Delta is one of the most developed regions in China. The development of the industrialization and urbanization has impacted on the air quality seriously. Thus to analyze the changes of the surface pollutants of Yangtze River Delta has the most important signification. This paper based on the data of NO2, SO2and O3in Lin'an Atmospheric Background Monitoring Station in winter and summer from2003to2004, and analyzed the concentration of the three pollutants, the weekend effect, and the relation between them and meteorology conditions. The key findings in this study were summarized as follows:
1. The day-to-day changes of NO2and SO2in winter had more fluctuations than them in summer; the interdiurnal variation of O3was contrary and the concentration of O3in winter was almost the same of in summer. The diurnal mean and hourly mean of NO2were hardly overstepped the air quality standard, but the rate of SO2to overstep the standard was very high,21.8%. It was high that the frequency of low NO2and SO2in summer, and low O3in winter. The diurnal variations of NO2showed a single valley and single peak distribution, the valley appeared during the day and the peak appeared during the night; the concentration of SO2was high during night and low during day without obvious peak and valley; diurnal variations of O3showed a single peak distribution and the peak appeared in the day.
2. The concentrations of NO2and SO2in weekend were lower than weekday, and both of them were lower than Friday, and their lowest concentrations in winter were the days during the Spring Festival. O3did not have obvious "Weekend Effect". The highest concentration of NO2and SO2appeared in Friday, and the weekend always has the lowest appearance; the highest concentration of O3appeared in Wednesday. The concentrations of the pollutants began to reduce three days before the Spring Festival; and the concentration kept a low level during the Spring Festival Golden Week, but there was a peak appeared in the fifth day of Spring Festival holidays; after the Spring Festival, the concentration had increased rapidly.
3. The diurnal variation of the concentration of O3is similar to that of temperature, the concentrations'diurnal variation of NO2and SO2are similar to that of RH. The concentration of NO2in rainy days is lower than the days without rains, the concentration is also higher in the noon; Precipitation clearance to SO2is high; the concentration of O3in rainy days is also much lower than the days without rains, this may be related to precipitation's scavenging process to the Precursor things of O3. The high concentration of NO2in winter is relevant to the NE wind, while in the summer the direction of the wind is focus on NW and WNW; The relationship of SO2's concentration and wind direction is similar to the relationship of NO2and wind direction, but the high concentration of SO2is relevant to SSW and WNW; The relationship of O3and wind direction is more complex, it is relevant to local O3. The concentrations of NO2and SO2in cloudy days are lower than in the sunny days, while03's concentration only in the noon is slightly lower than in the sunny days.
1.NO2和SO2浓度冬季日均值变化剧烈,夏季平缓；O3相反,且浓度值相近。NO2日均值和小时均值超标率都很小,SO2冬季的超标率都很高,其中小时均值的超标率为21.8%。NO2和SO2在夏季出现低值的频率高,O3冬季出现低值的频率高。NO2日变化呈“单峰单谷”型分布,白天出现“谷”,夜间出现“峰”；SO2没有出现明显的“峰谷”型分布但也是夜间高白天低；O3以单峰型分布,白天达到最大。
2.NO2、SO2假日的浓度低于非假日的浓度,且非假日的浓度周五最高,假日浓度春节最低。O3浓度没有表现出明显的“假日效应”。NO2和SO2的最高值出现在周五,最低值一般出现在周末；O3最高值出现在周三。春节前三天污染物浓度开始降低；春节期间的污染物浓度保持很低的状态,仅在初五时出现了一个小的峰值；春节过后,污染物浓度迅速升高。
3.O3浓度日变化与温度日变化趋势相近,NO2与SO2浓度与相对湿度的日变化相近。降水日NO2浓度略比非降水日低,但在中午时的浓度要高些；SO2的降水清除率高、；O3浓度也是降水日比非降水日低很多,可能与降水对O3前体物的清除有关。临安冬季高NO2浓度主要与东北(NE)风有关,而夏季又集中于西北(NW)和西西北(WNW); SO2夏季与风向关系与N02相同,但冬季高S02浓度分别与南西南(SSW)和西西北来向的风有关；03与风向的关系比较复杂,与局地生成的03有关。阴天时NO2、SO2浓度比晴天低,而03仅在中午时的浓度比晴天略低。
Yangtze River Delta is one of the most developed regions in China. The development of the industrialization and urbanization has impacted on the air quality seriously. Thus to analyze the changes of the surface pollutants of Yangtze River Delta has the most important signification. This paper based on the data of NO2, SO2and O3in Lin'an Atmospheric Background Monitoring Station in winter and summer from2003to2004, and analyzed the concentration of the three pollutants, the weekend effect, and the relation between them and meteorology conditions. The key findings in this study were summarized as follows:
1. The day-to-day changes of NO2and SO2in winter had more fluctuations than them in summer; the interdiurnal variation of O3was contrary and the concentration of O3in winter was almost the same of in summer. The diurnal mean and hourly mean of NO2were hardly overstepped the air quality standard, but the rate of SO2to overstep the standard was very high,21.8%. It was high that the frequency of low NO2and SO2in summer, and low O3in winter. The diurnal variations of NO2showed a single valley and single peak distribution, the valley appeared during the day and the peak appeared during the night; the concentration of SO2was high during night and low during day without obvious peak and valley; diurnal variations of O3showed a single peak distribution and the peak appeared in the day.
2. The concentrations of NO2and SO2in weekend were lower than weekday, and both of them were lower than Friday, and their lowest concentrations in winter were the days during the Spring Festival. O3did not have obvious "Weekend Effect". The highest concentration of NO2and SO2appeared in Friday, and the weekend always has the lowest appearance; the highest concentration of O3appeared in Wednesday. The concentrations of the pollutants began to reduce three days before the Spring Festival; and the concentration kept a low level during the Spring Festival Golden Week, but there was a peak appeared in the fifth day of Spring Festival holidays; after the Spring Festival, the concentration had increased rapidly.
3. The diurnal variation of the concentration of O3is similar to that of temperature, the concentrations'diurnal variation of NO2and SO2are similar to that of RH. The concentration of NO2in rainy days is lower than the days without rains, the concentration is also higher in the noon; Precipitation clearance to SO2is high; the concentration of O3in rainy days is also much lower than the days without rains, this may be related to precipitation's scavenging process to the Precursor things of O3. The high concentration of NO2in winter is relevant to the NE wind, while in the summer the direction of the wind is focus on NW and WNW; The relationship of SO2's concentration and wind direction is similar to the relationship of NO2and wind direction, but the high concentration of SO2is relevant to SSW and WNW; The relationship of O3and wind direction is more complex, it is relevant to local O3. The concentrations of NO2and SO2in cloudy days are lower than in the sunny days, while03's concentration only in the noon is slightly lower than in the sunny days.
引文
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