机载GPS在遥感测量中的应用研究
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摘要
随着GPS全球定位系统技术的迅速发展,GPS引起各国军事部门和广大民用部门的普遍关注。GPS定位技术已经在地球物理勘察、资源勘探、航空与卫星遥感、民用导航、精密时间比对、大地测量、工程勘测、安全监控等领域,展示了其优越性和巨大的潜力。GPS应用于遥感测量的研究是近些年来的热门。
本论文是依托国家项目开展的理论与应用的初步研究。GPS分测量型与导航型两类,本文主要针对机载遥感测量系统中的差分GPS开展研究,首先介绍了GPS的基本原理,然后研究了坐标转换的理论知识；由于GPS输出的是WGS-84坐标,而我们实际需要的是地方坐标系,所以需要将WGS-84坐标转换为各地方坐标。本文在研究了空间坐标转换模型基础上,利用VC编程实现了WGS84至BJ54(北京54)坐标的转换,获得了较高的转换精度；结合机载环境实际,对GPS的选型、多源传感器间的数据率和接口、电磁兼容、差分GPS地面站设置等关键问题进行分析研究,提出了实施建议。并在此基础上提供了如下几个方面的研究成果：
(1)开展了GPS模拟数据采集实验,为今后的红外图像和SAR图像的融合提供了配准所需的参数；
(2)基于Visual C++平台,编写了坐标转换程序,实现了求解布尔莎模型的七参数以及WGS84至BJ54的坐标转换；
(3)进行了测量型GPS在与机载的其他多源传感器配合应用中问题的调查与研究,提供了分析与解决措施；
(4)进行了GPS数值的插值与拟合研究,并对结果用Matlab进行了仿真计算。
最后为收发分置的双站SAR系统提出了一个同步方案。该方案为后续的研究以及机载双站SAR测量系统的同步的实现提供了参考。
With the rapid development of GPS technology, military departments of various countries and civilian departments draws great concern on GPS. It has already been used in many fields such as Geologic Survey, Resource Exploration, satellite remote sensing, civil aviation, exact time compare, earth measurement, etc. and has shown its superiority and enormous potentiality.
This subject is national defence the 11th-Year Plan research project in advance. We make an primary research on several problems of the GPS's application research in remote sensing in this thesis. This thesis has introduced the principle of GPS and the knowledge some date of the GPS dynamic Carrier Phase Measurement, then has make an analysis and research on the error. Because the output of GPS coordinate is WGS-84, and we need the local coordinate in fact, an research was carried on how to transform WGS-84 into other local coordinates system, and discuss that genetic algorithm solve the ill-condition equation. An analyse and research was maked on some key problemes which include how to select an right GPS, coordinate transform, data rate and interface among multi-sensor, Electromagnetic Compatibility, GPS's position error, GPS installation, setup of difference GPS'sround station. Finally, a synchronous scheme was put forward and designed which is designed for synchronous receiving/delivery system of SAR based on GPS. Some research results is provided in this thesis as follow:
(1) make the experiment to gather GPS simulation data which will offere the parameter for integration of infrared picture and SAR picture in the future;
(2)Base on Visual Studio 2005 platform, make the programme to realize the transform of the coordinate from WGS84 to BJ54 and Xian80, which will offere application in the future;
(3)Have offered the application problem research to how to make GPS work with other airborn multi-sensor well;
(4) GPS data fitting and interpolation is carried on the reaserch in this thesis, and we carry on emulation to the result with Matlab.
Finally we provide the synchronous scheme of Bistatic SAR by use of GPS.This scheme has offered reference for subsequent research and airborne pair of synchronous realizing finally of station SAR measuring system.
本论文是依托国家项目开展的理论与应用的初步研究。GPS分测量型与导航型两类,本文主要针对机载遥感测量系统中的差分GPS开展研究,首先介绍了GPS的基本原理,然后研究了坐标转换的理论知识；由于GPS输出的是WGS-84坐标,而我们实际需要的是地方坐标系,所以需要将WGS-84坐标转换为各地方坐标。本文在研究了空间坐标转换模型基础上,利用VC编程实现了WGS84至BJ54(北京54)坐标的转换,获得了较高的转换精度；结合机载环境实际,对GPS的选型、多源传感器间的数据率和接口、电磁兼容、差分GPS地面站设置等关键问题进行分析研究,提出了实施建议。并在此基础上提供了如下几个方面的研究成果：
(1)开展了GPS模拟数据采集实验,为今后的红外图像和SAR图像的融合提供了配准所需的参数；
(2)基于Visual C++平台,编写了坐标转换程序,实现了求解布尔莎模型的七参数以及WGS84至BJ54的坐标转换；
(3)进行了测量型GPS在与机载的其他多源传感器配合应用中问题的调查与研究,提供了分析与解决措施；
(4)进行了GPS数值的插值与拟合研究,并对结果用Matlab进行了仿真计算。
最后为收发分置的双站SAR系统提出了一个同步方案。该方案为后续的研究以及机载双站SAR测量系统的同步的实现提供了参考。
With the rapid development of GPS technology, military departments of various countries and civilian departments draws great concern on GPS. It has already been used in many fields such as Geologic Survey, Resource Exploration, satellite remote sensing, civil aviation, exact time compare, earth measurement, etc. and has shown its superiority and enormous potentiality.
This subject is national defence the 11th-Year Plan research project in advance. We make an primary research on several problems of the GPS's application research in remote sensing in this thesis. This thesis has introduced the principle of GPS and the knowledge some date of the GPS dynamic Carrier Phase Measurement, then has make an analysis and research on the error. Because the output of GPS coordinate is WGS-84, and we need the local coordinate in fact, an research was carried on how to transform WGS-84 into other local coordinates system, and discuss that genetic algorithm solve the ill-condition equation. An analyse and research was maked on some key problemes which include how to select an right GPS, coordinate transform, data rate and interface among multi-sensor, Electromagnetic Compatibility, GPS's position error, GPS installation, setup of difference GPS'sround station. Finally, a synchronous scheme was put forward and designed which is designed for synchronous receiving/delivery system of SAR based on GPS. Some research results is provided in this thesis as follow:
(1) make the experiment to gather GPS simulation data which will offere the parameter for integration of infrared picture and SAR picture in the future;
(2)Base on Visual Studio 2005 platform, make the programme to realize the transform of the coordinate from WGS84 to BJ54 and Xian80, which will offere application in the future;
(3)Have offered the application problem research to how to make GPS work with other airborn multi-sensor well;
(4) GPS data fitting and interpolation is carried on the reaserch in this thesis, and we carry on emulation to the result with Matlab.
Finally we provide the synchronous scheme of Bistatic SAR by use of GPS.This scheme has offered reference for subsequent research and airborne pair of synchronous realizing finally of station SAR measuring system.
引文
[1]常庆瑞,蒋平安,周勇等.遥感技术导论[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.8-11
[2]Bauer, F.H.; Hartman, K. Lightsey, E.G.. Spaceborne GPS current status and future visions.
[3]何秀凤,何敏.合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术及其在形变灾害监测中的应用[J]水电自动化与大坝监测2005,(02)18-20
[4]朱军.机载GPS技术的现状与发展[J].铁路计算机应用2003,(08)56-57
[5]Cecchini, J. Next generation GPS-aided space navigation systems. [J]Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE Volume 17, Issue 12, Dec.2002 Page(s):7-10
[6]陈永奇.一种检验GPS整周模糊度解算有效性的方法[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1997,04：18-19
[7]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[8]Landry, R.J. Calmettes. Impact of interference on a generic GPS receiver and assessment of mitigation techniques. On page(s):87-91 vol.1 Number of Pages:3 vol.1011 Meeting Date:09/02/1998-09/04/1998
[9]李德仁.GPS用于摄影测量与遥感[M].北京：测绘出版社,1996.6。
[10]Jefferson, D.C.; Lichten, S.M.; Young, L.E.; A test of precision GPS clock synchronization. Frequency Control Symposium,1996.50th.5-7 June 1996 Page(s):1206-1210
[11]徐晓丹.机载合成孔径雷达的运动补偿研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[12]何凯.“3S”集成技术在合成孔径雷达中的应用研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[13]朱彩英,蓝朝桢等.GPS支持下的机载SAR遥感图像无控制准实时地理定位[J].测绘学报,2003,03(7)：28-30
[14]颜树强.全球定位系统(GPS)接收机的原理及应用[J].现代仪器2002,3(5)：101-105
[15]Lenain, R.; Thuilot, B.; Cariou, C.Martinet, P. Adaptive control for car like vehicles guidance relying on RTK GPS.Robotics and Automation,2003. Proceedings. ICRA'03. IEEE International Conference on Volume 1,14-19 Sept.2003 Page(s):115-120 vol.1
[16]Larson, K.M.; Levine. Time transfer using the phase of the GPS carrier Frequency Control Symposium [J]Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International May 1998 Page(s):292-297
[17]GB/T 17424-1998差分全球定位系统(GPS)技术要求
[18]Psimoulis, Panos A.Experimental assessment of the accuracy of GPS and RTS for the determination of the parameters of oscillation of major structures.COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING 2007 JUN Volume:23 Pages: 389-403
[19]黄晓瑞,崔平远,崔祜涛.差分GPS定位方法与应用研究[N]航空兵器2001,2(3)：88-89
[20]李静海.军用设备电磁兼容技术研究[J]地面防空武器2007,01(9)：42-44
[21]王化深,刘栋电子设备的电磁兼容设计[J]仪器仪表用户2004,01(2)：19-20
[22]边少峰,柴洪洲,金际航.大地坐标系与大地基准[J].北京：国防工业出版社,2005，4：25-27
[23]李娟,刘焕平.GPS定位数据与我国大地坐标系的换算[J]石家庄职业技术学院学报,2005,03(6)：21-25
[24]毛文轶GPS测量中坐标系统、坐标系的转换过程[J]中国水运(学术版)2006,06(12)：55-57
[25]熊介编.椭球大地测量学.解放军出版社；
[26]高星伟,李著,PZ-90与WGS-84之间的转换参数,2000；
[27]郑若奇,刘亚平.GPS定位中两种七参数坐标转换方法的误差分析[J].中国港湾建设2002,05(5)：29-30
[28]Chaiyaratana, N. Zalzala, A.M.S. Recent developments in evolutionary and genetic algorithms:theory and applications On page(s):270-277 Meeting Date:09/02/1997-09/04/1997
[29]尤红建.适用于机载三维遥感的动态GPS定位技术及其数据处理[J]遥感学报2000,5(1)：20-23
[30]Jay Hyoun Kwon; Jeong Woo Kim; Dong-Cheon Lee; Absolute kinematic GPS positioning for remote area. [J]Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, July 2001 Page(s):2067-2069 vol.5
[31]张京礼,振江,李瑞GPS高程拟合精度探讨[J]测绘工程2004,1(2)：61-62
[32]刘念最小二乘插值与拟合推估[J]测绘科学2002,(03)：80-83
[33]陈光,任志良.最小二乘曲线拟合及Matlab实现[J].兵工自动化2005,02(3)：55-60
[34]霍勇峰,郝振纯洪水模拟中的阿克玛插值法分析[J].东北水利水电>>2004年07期
[35]赵宝贵.Matlab在数据拟合中的应用[J]科技广场[J]2007,(01)：33-36
[36]龙勇,向茂生,尤红建,吴一戎.高精度动态GPS在机载新型SAR上的应用研究与分析[J]遥感技术与应用2004年06期
[37]汤子跃,张守融.双站合成孔径雷达系统同步问题研究[J]现代雷达.2004,4：121-124
[38]徐卫明,利用GPS接收机实现多传感器同步工作的两种方法[J].遥感技术与应用2006,3(06)：78-83
[39]H.G.Berns and R.J.wilkers.GPS time synchronization system for K2K. IEEE Transactions on nuclear Science. Vol.47,NO.2,APRIL,2000
[40]Brian D R. Signal Processing Strategies for Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar.2003
[41]Edward J.Gosch. Time-Synchronnized Multi-Phase Generator.IEEE,2003 200-203
[42]David A. Howe. High-accuracy time transfer Via Geostationary satellites-preliminary results. IEEE,1998,2005.212-218
[2]Bauer, F.H.; Hartman, K. Lightsey, E.G.. Spaceborne GPS current status and future visions.
[3]何秀凤,何敏.合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术及其在形变灾害监测中的应用[J]水电自动化与大坝监测2005,(02)18-20
[4]朱军.机载GPS技术的现状与发展[J].铁路计算机应用2003,(08)56-57
[5]Cecchini, J. Next generation GPS-aided space navigation systems. [J]Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE Volume 17, Issue 12, Dec.2002 Page(s):7-10
[6]陈永奇.一种检验GPS整周模糊度解算有效性的方法[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1997,04：18-19
[7]王惠南.GPS导航原理与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[8]Landry, R.J. Calmettes. Impact of interference on a generic GPS receiver and assessment of mitigation techniques. On page(s):87-91 vol.1 Number of Pages:3 vol.1011 Meeting Date:09/02/1998-09/04/1998
[9]李德仁.GPS用于摄影测量与遥感[M].北京：测绘出版社,1996.6。
[10]Jefferson, D.C.; Lichten, S.M.; Young, L.E.; A test of precision GPS clock synchronization. Frequency Control Symposium,1996.50th.5-7 June 1996 Page(s):1206-1210
[11]徐晓丹.机载合成孔径雷达的运动补偿研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[12]何凯.“3S”集成技术在合成孔径雷达中的应用研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[13]朱彩英,蓝朝桢等.GPS支持下的机载SAR遥感图像无控制准实时地理定位[J].测绘学报,2003,03(7)：28-30
[14]颜树强.全球定位系统(GPS)接收机的原理及应用[J].现代仪器2002,3(5)：101-105
[15]Lenain, R.; Thuilot, B.; Cariou, C.Martinet, P. Adaptive control for car like vehicles guidance relying on RTK GPS.Robotics and Automation,2003. Proceedings. ICRA'03. IEEE International Conference on Volume 1,14-19 Sept.2003 Page(s):115-120 vol.1
[16]Larson, K.M.; Levine. Time transfer using the phase of the GPS carrier Frequency Control Symposium [J]Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International May 1998 Page(s):292-297
[17]GB/T 17424-1998差分全球定位系统(GPS)技术要求
[18]Psimoulis, Panos A.Experimental assessment of the accuracy of GPS and RTS for the determination of the parameters of oscillation of major structures.COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING 2007 JUN Volume:23 Pages: 389-403
[19]黄晓瑞,崔平远,崔祜涛.差分GPS定位方法与应用研究[N]航空兵器2001,2(3)：88-89
[20]李静海.军用设备电磁兼容技术研究[J]地面防空武器2007,01(9)：42-44
[21]王化深,刘栋电子设备的电磁兼容设计[J]仪器仪表用户2004,01(2)：19-20
[22]边少峰,柴洪洲,金际航.大地坐标系与大地基准[J].北京：国防工业出版社,2005，4：25-27
[23]李娟,刘焕平.GPS定位数据与我国大地坐标系的换算[J]石家庄职业技术学院学报,2005,03(6)：21-25
[24]毛文轶GPS测量中坐标系统、坐标系的转换过程[J]中国水运(学术版)2006,06(12)：55-57
[25]熊介编.椭球大地测量学.解放军出版社；
[26]高星伟,李著,PZ-90与WGS-84之间的转换参数,2000；
[27]郑若奇,刘亚平.GPS定位中两种七参数坐标转换方法的误差分析[J].中国港湾建设2002,05(5)：29-30
[28]Chaiyaratana, N. Zalzala, A.M.S. Recent developments in evolutionary and genetic algorithms:theory and applications On page(s):270-277 Meeting Date:09/02/1997-09/04/1997
[29]尤红建.适用于机载三维遥感的动态GPS定位技术及其数据处理[J]遥感学报2000,5(1)：20-23
[30]Jay Hyoun Kwon; Jeong Woo Kim; Dong-Cheon Lee; Absolute kinematic GPS positioning for remote area. [J]Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, July 2001 Page(s):2067-2069 vol.5
[31]张京礼,振江,李瑞GPS高程拟合精度探讨[J]测绘工程2004,1(2)：61-62
[32]刘念最小二乘插值与拟合推估[J]测绘科学2002,(03)：80-83
[33]陈光,任志良.最小二乘曲线拟合及Matlab实现[J].兵工自动化2005,02(3)：55-60
[34]霍勇峰,郝振纯洪水模拟中的阿克玛插值法分析[J].东北水利水电>>2004年07期
[35]赵宝贵.Matlab在数据拟合中的应用[J]科技广场[J]2007,(01)：33-36
[36]龙勇,向茂生,尤红建,吴一戎.高精度动态GPS在机载新型SAR上的应用研究与分析[J]遥感技术与应用2004年06期
[37]汤子跃,张守融.双站合成孔径雷达系统同步问题研究[J]现代雷达.2004,4：121-124
[38]徐卫明,利用GPS接收机实现多传感器同步工作的两种方法[J].遥感技术与应用2006,3(06)：78-83
[39]H.G.Berns and R.J.wilkers.GPS time synchronization system for K2K. IEEE Transactions on nuclear Science. Vol.47,NO.2,APRIL,2000
[40]Brian D R. Signal Processing Strategies for Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar.2003
[41]Edward J.Gosch. Time-Synchronnized Multi-Phase Generator.IEEE,2003 200-203
[42]David A. Howe. High-accuracy time transfer Via Geostationary satellites-preliminary results. IEEE,1998,2005.212-218
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