双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺处理生活污水研究
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摘要
OCO工艺最初由丹麦Puritek A/S公司开发,由于装置形似英文字母"OCO"而得名,集厌氧、缺氧和好氧于一体,装置结构紧凑、占地面积小,为生物脱氮和除磷提供适宜的反应环境,可以同时去除COD、氮和磷,运行费用低且便于实施在线监测和自动控制。OCO工艺已在丹麦、法国、瑞典等国家得到了广泛应用。然而国际上有关OCO及其运行参数方面的文献依然很少,且该工艺在我国也很少应用。近年来,该工艺引起了我国的科研人员的研究兴趣,不少学者结合城市污水生物处理的特点,不断研发并推出各种基于OCO的改进工艺。
本论文在对前期系列一体化OCO污水处理工艺进行对比研究的基础上,设计了双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺,探讨了反应器内水力混合特性以及各运行工况对污水处理效果的影响,并构建了动力学模型和BP神经网络预测模型。
(1)介绍了一体化OCO工艺第一代到第四代反应器研发概况,包括：侧沟式一体化膜泥法OCO工艺、中心岛式一体化OCD工艺、中心岛式一体化OCO工艺、侧沟式一体化OCO工艺。系统地介绍了反应器设计参数、工艺特点,对反应器削减COD、脱氮除磷的运行效果进行比较,并在总结前几代一体化OCO工艺优缺点的基础上,设计了双侧沟式一体化OCO污水处理工艺。
(2)以脉冲进样法对双侧沟式一体化OCO反应器进行水力特性试验,通过理想反应器的E(t)函数的组合来模拟反应器的停留时间分布,获得了反应器全混流所占比例为86.8%,平推流所占比例为13.2%；以连续进样法对该反应器的水力特性进行试验,并根据质量守恒定律建立水力模型进行分析,试验结果表明反应器内的液流流型为整体全混流和局部推流。上述结果与理论假设相符,所得反应器的水体流动特性符合设计的意图。
(3)研究了溶解氧(DO)、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水COD/TN质量比(简称C/N比)、进水COD/TP质量比(简称C/P比)、污泥龄(SRT)等因素对工艺处理生活污水效果的影响,并找出适宜运行工况和运行参数：好氧区DO控制在2.0mg/L左右,可以保持缺氧区和厌氧区DO分别低于0.5mg/L和0.1mg/L; SRT为12d, HRT控制在12h(即进水流量为20L/11):C/N比为8：1左右,C/P比为50：1左右。为期60天的稳定运行结果表明,双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺对COD.NH4+-N、TN和TP具有很好的去除效果,去除率分别为95%、99%、81%和90%。
(4)对双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺进行了生化动力学分析,推导了反应器生物脱氮削碳的动力学方程,并经过试验数据分析,求解出适合于反应器脱氮削碳的动力学参数；构建了出水水质的BP神经网络数学模型,并对工艺处理污水效能进行预测,预测结果与试验结果相吻合。
(5)对双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺进行了放大试验(放大4倍)的初步研究,水力特性试验表明,反应器的全混流比为80.6%,平推流比为19.4%,反应器液流流型为整体全混流和局部推流；且在本试验装置进行了生活污水的试运行试验研究,结果表明,好氧区DO为2.0mg/L左右,SRT为12d,HRT控制在12h,C/N比为8：1左右,C/P比为50：1左右时,COD.NH4+-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为94%、99%、81%和93%。
双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺能有效去除污水中碳、氮和磷等污染物而无需化学试剂辅助处理,本研究为该工艺在我国的推广应用提供了理论依据。
The OCO reactor was first developed by Degremont Puritek A/S Company (Denmark), and was named because the shape of the reactor is similar to the letters of the alphabet "OCO" Anaerobic zone, anoxic zone and aerobic zone were designed in one reactor within a small space which offered an appropriate condition for biological removals of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD at a lower cost, and an easy implementation of online monitor and automatic control. The OCO process was widely used in many European countries including Denmark, France, and Sweden and so on. However, there has been little documentation of the operation parameters about the OCO process, and little field application was built on the basis of the process in China. Currently, the overwhelming advantages of the integrated OCO process in municipal wastewater treatment have attracted many researchers in China who are dedicated to the modification of integrated OCO process.
Based on a comparative study for the early series of integral OCO process, a novel sewage treatment process, the integral OCO process with two side-ditch separators was designed. The hydraulic mixing characteristic and the effect of operating factors on sewage treatment efficiencies in the integral OCO reactor were investigated, the kinetics equations and prediction model by BP neural network methods were developed.
The integrated OCO processes from the first generation to fourth generation reactor (integral side-ditch OCO reactor with biofilm and activated sludge, integrated OCD reactor with central island separator, integrated OCO reactor with central island separator, integral side-ditch OCO reactor) were developed by author as described in this study.. The design parameters, characteristics of these processes were described systematically, the performances on the removals of nitrogen and phosphorus were summarized, and the advantages and limitations were discussed concluding in the design of a novel reactor—the integrated OCO process with two side-ditch separators.
Based on the pulse sampling method, hydraulic mixing characteristics test was conducted in the integrated OCO process with two side-ditch separators. A proportion of86.8%for the completely-mixed flow and another proportion of13.2%for the plug-flow were proven quantitatively by the combination of the function E (t) for the retention time distribution in the reactor. By using the continuous sampling method, the reactor was run in the whole completely-mixed flow and the local plug-flow, which were shown by the hydraulic model constructed on the basis of the law of mass conservation. These results were consistent with the theoretical assumptions and showed water flow characteristics in the reactor meet the design idea.
The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent CODcr/TN mass ratio (C/N ratio), CODcr/TP mass ratio (C/P ratio) and sludge retention time (SRT) on treatment efficiencies by this process in domestic sewage were analyzed. The optimal operating parameters were listed as follows:DO concentration in aerobic was about2.0mg/L, and those in the anoxic zone and the anaerobic zone were lower than0.5mg/L and0.1mg/L, respectively; SRT was approximately12d, HRT was approximately12h (influent flow rate of20L/h), the C/N ratio was near8:1and the C/P ratio was approximately50:1. The stable operation results show that the integrated OCO process with two side-ditch separators has good removal efficiencies of COD, NHU+-N, TN and TP for60days, their removal rates were95%,99%,81%and90%, respectively.
Based on kinetic analysis for removals of COD, NH4+-N, TN in the integral OCO reactor with two side-ditch separators, kinetic equations were built and kinetic constants were calculated suitable for removals of COD, NH4+-N, TN. The effluent water quality prediction model was constructed by BP neural network methods and used to predict sewage treatment efficiencies in the integral OCO process. The prediction results match with experimental data.
Preliminary research for pilot experiment (expanded4times) was carried out in the integral OCO process with two side-ditch separators. Proportion of80.6%for the completely-mixed flow and another proportion of19.4%for the plug-flow were proved by hydraulic characteristics test in this reactor, and liquid flow patterns performance was the whole completely-mixed flow and the local plug-flow. This integral OCO reactor was used as trial operating research to treat domestic wastewater. When the preliminary research results showed:DO concentration in aerobic was near2.0mg/L, SRT was12d, HRT was12h, the C/N ratio was approximately8:1and the CODcr/TP mass ratio (C/P ratio) was near50:1, the good efficiencies for wastewater treatment by the pilot integral OCO reactor were achieved: the removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were94%,99%,81%and93%, respectively.
The integral OCO process with two side-ditch separators is suitable to remove pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic wastewater without any auxiliary chemical reagents. This study can provide a theoretical basis for application of this integral OCO process in China.
本论文在对前期系列一体化OCO污水处理工艺进行对比研究的基础上,设计了双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺,探讨了反应器内水力混合特性以及各运行工况对污水处理效果的影响,并构建了动力学模型和BP神经网络预测模型。
(1)介绍了一体化OCO工艺第一代到第四代反应器研发概况,包括：侧沟式一体化膜泥法OCO工艺、中心岛式一体化OCD工艺、中心岛式一体化OCO工艺、侧沟式一体化OCO工艺。系统地介绍了反应器设计参数、工艺特点,对反应器削减COD、脱氮除磷的运行效果进行比较,并在总结前几代一体化OCO工艺优缺点的基础上,设计了双侧沟式一体化OCO污水处理工艺。
(2)以脉冲进样法对双侧沟式一体化OCO反应器进行水力特性试验,通过理想反应器的E(t)函数的组合来模拟反应器的停留时间分布,获得了反应器全混流所占比例为86.8%,平推流所占比例为13.2%；以连续进样法对该反应器的水力特性进行试验,并根据质量守恒定律建立水力模型进行分析,试验结果表明反应器内的液流流型为整体全混流和局部推流。上述结果与理论假设相符,所得反应器的水体流动特性符合设计的意图。
(3)研究了溶解氧(DO)、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水COD/TN质量比(简称C/N比)、进水COD/TP质量比(简称C/P比)、污泥龄(SRT)等因素对工艺处理生活污水效果的影响,并找出适宜运行工况和运行参数：好氧区DO控制在2.0mg/L左右,可以保持缺氧区和厌氧区DO分别低于0.5mg/L和0.1mg/L; SRT为12d, HRT控制在12h(即进水流量为20L/11):C/N比为8：1左右,C/P比为50：1左右。为期60天的稳定运行结果表明,双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺对COD.NH4+-N、TN和TP具有很好的去除效果,去除率分别为95%、99%、81%和90%。
(4)对双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺进行了生化动力学分析,推导了反应器生物脱氮削碳的动力学方程,并经过试验数据分析,求解出适合于反应器脱氮削碳的动力学参数；构建了出水水质的BP神经网络数学模型,并对工艺处理污水效能进行预测,预测结果与试验结果相吻合。
(5)对双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺进行了放大试验(放大4倍)的初步研究,水力特性试验表明,反应器的全混流比为80.6%,平推流比为19.4%,反应器液流流型为整体全混流和局部推流；且在本试验装置进行了生活污水的试运行试验研究,结果表明,好氧区DO为2.0mg/L左右,SRT为12d,HRT控制在12h,C/N比为8：1左右,C/P比为50：1左右时,COD.NH4+-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为94%、99%、81%和93%。
双侧沟式一体化OCO工艺能有效去除污水中碳、氮和磷等污染物而无需化学试剂辅助处理,本研究为该工艺在我国的推广应用提供了理论依据。
The OCO reactor was first developed by Degremont Puritek A/S Company (Denmark), and was named because the shape of the reactor is similar to the letters of the alphabet "OCO" Anaerobic zone, anoxic zone and aerobic zone were designed in one reactor within a small space which offered an appropriate condition for biological removals of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD at a lower cost, and an easy implementation of online monitor and automatic control. The OCO process was widely used in many European countries including Denmark, France, and Sweden and so on. However, there has been little documentation of the operation parameters about the OCO process, and little field application was built on the basis of the process in China. Currently, the overwhelming advantages of the integrated OCO process in municipal wastewater treatment have attracted many researchers in China who are dedicated to the modification of integrated OCO process.
Based on a comparative study for the early series of integral OCO process, a novel sewage treatment process, the integral OCO process with two side-ditch separators was designed. The hydraulic mixing characteristic and the effect of operating factors on sewage treatment efficiencies in the integral OCO reactor were investigated, the kinetics equations and prediction model by BP neural network methods were developed.
The integrated OCO processes from the first generation to fourth generation reactor (integral side-ditch OCO reactor with biofilm and activated sludge, integrated OCD reactor with central island separator, integrated OCO reactor with central island separator, integral side-ditch OCO reactor) were developed by author as described in this study.. The design parameters, characteristics of these processes were described systematically, the performances on the removals of nitrogen and phosphorus were summarized, and the advantages and limitations were discussed concluding in the design of a novel reactor—the integrated OCO process with two side-ditch separators.
Based on the pulse sampling method, hydraulic mixing characteristics test was conducted in the integrated OCO process with two side-ditch separators. A proportion of86.8%for the completely-mixed flow and another proportion of13.2%for the plug-flow were proven quantitatively by the combination of the function E (t) for the retention time distribution in the reactor. By using the continuous sampling method, the reactor was run in the whole completely-mixed flow and the local plug-flow, which were shown by the hydraulic model constructed on the basis of the law of mass conservation. These results were consistent with the theoretical assumptions and showed water flow characteristics in the reactor meet the design idea.
The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO), hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent CODcr/TN mass ratio (C/N ratio), CODcr/TP mass ratio (C/P ratio) and sludge retention time (SRT) on treatment efficiencies by this process in domestic sewage were analyzed. The optimal operating parameters were listed as follows:DO concentration in aerobic was about2.0mg/L, and those in the anoxic zone and the anaerobic zone were lower than0.5mg/L and0.1mg/L, respectively; SRT was approximately12d, HRT was approximately12h (influent flow rate of20L/h), the C/N ratio was near8:1and the C/P ratio was approximately50:1. The stable operation results show that the integrated OCO process with two side-ditch separators has good removal efficiencies of COD, NHU+-N, TN and TP for60days, their removal rates were95%,99%,81%and90%, respectively.
Based on kinetic analysis for removals of COD, NH4+-N, TN in the integral OCO reactor with two side-ditch separators, kinetic equations were built and kinetic constants were calculated suitable for removals of COD, NH4+-N, TN. The effluent water quality prediction model was constructed by BP neural network methods and used to predict sewage treatment efficiencies in the integral OCO process. The prediction results match with experimental data.
Preliminary research for pilot experiment (expanded4times) was carried out in the integral OCO process with two side-ditch separators. Proportion of80.6%for the completely-mixed flow and another proportion of19.4%for the plug-flow were proved by hydraulic characteristics test in this reactor, and liquid flow patterns performance was the whole completely-mixed flow and the local plug-flow. This integral OCO reactor was used as trial operating research to treat domestic wastewater. When the preliminary research results showed:DO concentration in aerobic was near2.0mg/L, SRT was12d, HRT was12h, the C/N ratio was approximately8:1and the CODcr/TP mass ratio (C/P ratio) was near50:1, the good efficiencies for wastewater treatment by the pilot integral OCO reactor were achieved: the removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP were94%,99%,81%and93%, respectively.
The integral OCO process with two side-ditch separators is suitable to remove pollutants such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic wastewater without any auxiliary chemical reagents. This study can provide a theoretical basis for application of this integral OCO process in China.
引文
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