减速顶检测装置的特性分析与研究
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摘要
减速顶是20世纪60年代开始在铁路上应用的一种减速设备。我国从70年代末期着手减速顶研制和开发,并提出其相应的检测方法,设计相应的检测设备。现有的检测方法以经验判断为主,辅以室外实车试验。检测过程生产率低,费时费力。尽管目前有一些科研单位研制出室内的检测设备,但存在设备占地面积大,试验方法繁琐的缺点,检测过程耗费大量人力物力,不能满足生产的需求。
本文在查阅大量文献的基础上,结合减速顶的结构和工作原理,提出采用数字阀控液压缸驱动推杆冲击减速顶来模拟车轮滚压的设计思路。建立了基于增量式PID控制的数字伺服阀控制系统和液压系统,并将该系统应用于减速顶检测。本文通过对控制系统和液压系统进行理论方面的分析,找出系统工作过程中各个参数的变化规律及相互作用关系,为设计和完善减速顶检测系统,提高系统的工作性能提供理论依据。
本文的论述主要包括五个方面:
第一章,对减速顶及其检测技术进行了系统的论述。阐述了本论文的研究目的、意义,并列出了主要的工作量。
第二章,介绍了整个减速顶检测系统的设计方案,包括数字伺服阀的设计、控制系统的的软件设计。
第三章,详细介绍了数字阀控非对称液压缸系统的数学模型。阐述了如何利用Matlab语言编制计算机程序对液压及其控制系统进行仿真研究,并给出了开环和仿真试验后的试验曲线。
第四章,结合检测平台,对数字阀控非对称缸动力机构作了大量的试验,并与仿真结果相比较,结果表明仿真分析基本符合实际情况。
第五章,对论文的研究内容进行了总结与展望。
The retarder was equiped with railway by 1960s. we started to research it by the end of 1970s. And, the facility which examine the retarder is fogyism. The most of methods is that we estimate it by experience. Partially, we check it with apparatus out of the door where we can use the railcar. The method has lower efficiency which may waste many time and money. Some of the institute or corporation has designed the equipment with using indoor. But it has some demerit, for example , it still need more rooms , the proceeding of experimentation loads down with trivial details. It can not be seasoned by the practice.
This thesis puts forward a new ideal equipment by using a hydraulic actuating cylinder to impact the retarder, which tally with the active state of it, and base on the studying relevant workings. 1 design a digital servo valve clique and participate in designing the servo-valve control system of the clique. And it is applied to it in the retarder examined system successfully. The dynamic and static characteristics of the control system and hydraulic system are investigated by simulation. The effect is also discussed when the parameter in the system has been changed. It will offer a theoretics direction which can upgrade the performance.
The main tasks of this paper are as follows.
Chapter 1 makes a summary of the retarder's structure and examination method. then introduces the purpose, meaning and creative point of this thesis.
Chapter 2 introduces the whole design project of system included the digital servo valve、the soft of the control system.
Chapter 3 describes the mathematical model of the digital servo valve control asymmetry fluid cylinker. And expound how to simulate the system by Matlab.
Chapter 4 is about the experiment and the conclusion based on the new equipment. It seems that the conclusion of simulation and the experiment are such adjacence which means the theoretics being identical with the fact basically.
Chapter 5 is the summarization of this papper and prospect.
本文在查阅大量文献的基础上,结合减速顶的结构和工作原理,提出采用数字阀控液压缸驱动推杆冲击减速顶来模拟车轮滚压的设计思路。建立了基于增量式PID控制的数字伺服阀控制系统和液压系统,并将该系统应用于减速顶检测。本文通过对控制系统和液压系统进行理论方面的分析,找出系统工作过程中各个参数的变化规律及相互作用关系,为设计和完善减速顶检测系统,提高系统的工作性能提供理论依据。
本文的论述主要包括五个方面:
第一章,对减速顶及其检测技术进行了系统的论述。阐述了本论文的研究目的、意义,并列出了主要的工作量。
第二章,介绍了整个减速顶检测系统的设计方案,包括数字伺服阀的设计、控制系统的的软件设计。
第三章,详细介绍了数字阀控非对称液压缸系统的数学模型。阐述了如何利用Matlab语言编制计算机程序对液压及其控制系统进行仿真研究,并给出了开环和仿真试验后的试验曲线。
第四章,结合检测平台,对数字阀控非对称缸动力机构作了大量的试验,并与仿真结果相比较,结果表明仿真分析基本符合实际情况。
第五章,对论文的研究内容进行了总结与展望。
The retarder was equiped with railway by 1960s. we started to research it by the end of 1970s. And, the facility which examine the retarder is fogyism. The most of methods is that we estimate it by experience. Partially, we check it with apparatus out of the door where we can use the railcar. The method has lower efficiency which may waste many time and money. Some of the institute or corporation has designed the equipment with using indoor. But it has some demerit, for example , it still need more rooms , the proceeding of experimentation loads down with trivial details. It can not be seasoned by the practice.
This thesis puts forward a new ideal equipment by using a hydraulic actuating cylinder to impact the retarder, which tally with the active state of it, and base on the studying relevant workings. 1 design a digital servo valve clique and participate in designing the servo-valve control system of the clique. And it is applied to it in the retarder examined system successfully. The dynamic and static characteristics of the control system and hydraulic system are investigated by simulation. The effect is also discussed when the parameter in the system has been changed. It will offer a theoretics direction which can upgrade the performance.
The main tasks of this paper are as follows.
Chapter 1 makes a summary of the retarder's structure and examination method. then introduces the purpose, meaning and creative point of this thesis.
Chapter 2 introduces the whole design project of system included the digital servo valve、the soft of the control system.
Chapter 3 describes the mathematical model of the digital servo valve control asymmetry fluid cylinker. And expound how to simulate the system by Matlab.
Chapter 4 is about the experiment and the conclusion based on the new equipment. It seems that the conclusion of simulation and the experiment are such adjacence which means the theoretics being identical with the fact basically.
Chapter 5 is the summarization of this papper and prospect.
引文
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[4]吴家豪.中国减速顶发展三十年[J].中国铁路,2004,(12)
[5]李洪义 赵学清.减速顶专业化集中修初探.2004.3
[6]陈峰.新型车载减速顶检测系统.减速顶与调速技术.2006.1
[7]邢潮汀.减速顶调速系统检测站发展展望.中国铁道学会铁路减速系统面向21世纪研讨.1999.10
[8]邢潮汀.减速顶室内模拟试验台新型多功能测试系统.上海铁道科技.2006.2
[9]阮健.电液(气)直接数字控制技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000
[10]阮健.新型流体控制元件及气动柔性执行元件的开发研究.博士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1995
[11]Ruan Jian,Burton R.A New Approach of Direct Digital Control for Spool Valves[J].ASME,The Fluid Power and Systems Technology,1999,FPST,Vol.6:115-124
[12]阮健,李胜,杨继隆.电液(气)直接数字控制的新方法.杭州:浙江工业大学学报,1999.9
[13]Ruan J,Burton R.A New Approach of Direct Digital Control for Spool Valves,1999,ASME,Nashville,Tennessee FPST-Vol.6:115-124.
[14]Noritsugu T.PWM Mode Electro-pneumatic Servo System for Position Control,Trans.Soc.Instrum &Control Eng,1984,20:754-764
[15]Ruan J,Ukrainetz p.2000," Frequency Domain Modeling and Identification of 2D Digital Servo Valve",International Journal of Fluid Power,1,pp.49-58
[16]阮健,李胜,杨继隆.电液(气)直接数字控制的新方法[J].浙江工业大学学 报,1999,27(3):207-213
[17]Ruan J,Burton R.1999,A New Approach of Direct Digital Control for Spool.Valves,ASME,Nashville,Tennessee FPST-Vol.6,pp.115-124.
[18]Ruan J,Burton R,Ukrainetz p.2002," Some Experimental Considerations of Stage Control in DigitalValves," ASME,New Orleans,FPST-VOL.9,PP.1-10.
[19]Lis,Ruan J,Burton R,Ukrainetz p.2002," Application of Stage Control in Material Testing Machine(MTS)," Proceeding of 2nd Chinese International Conference on Instrumentation,Jinan,China,pp.526-529.
[20]阮健,李胜,杨继隆.液压及气动阀直接数字控制的新途径.中国机械工程,2000,11(3):317-320
[21]李瑞遐 何志庆.微分方程数值方法.上海.华东理工大学出版社.2005
[22]李洪人.液压控制系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[23]路甬祥.电液比例控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988,1-26
[24]黄人豪,濮凤根,液压控制技术回顾与发展.北京:液压气动与密封,2002
[25]隗金文,王慧.液压传动.东北大学出版社.2001.12
[26]王占林.近代电气液压伺服控制[M].北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:2
[27]苏东海.基于虚拟仪器的电液伺服阀性能测试试验台系统研究.机床与液压.2003.No4
[28]刘晶 等.液压动力机构的SIMULINK动态仿真实现.煤矿机械.2006.Vol21.11
[29]骆涵秀,李世伦,朱捷,陈大军.机电控制.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000:103-109,163-168
[30]刘子龙.四边滑阀控制液压缸传递函数的一种求解方法.机床与液压.2003.No4
[31]李永堂 雷步芳.液压系统建模与仿真.冶金工业出版社.2003.2
[32]赵文峰MATLAB控制系统设计与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[33]沈辉.精通SIMULINK系统仿真与控制.北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[34]张明.MATLAB基础与应用简明教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[35]周金萍,王冉,吴斌.MATLAB6实践与提高.北京:中国电力出版社,2002,1:323-346
[36]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.4:406-422
[37]张志涌.精通MATLAB 6.5版.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[38]徐灏,邱宣怀,蔡春源.机械设计手册.1992
[39]陈启松.液压传动与控制手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006
[40]郭宗仪,王宗培.步进电动机及其控制系统(增量运动控制之二).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1984:1-5,167-176,209-218,310-323
[41]刘光.C++BUILDER程序设计导学.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[42]陈周造,陈灿煌.C++Builder4彻底研究[M].北京:中国铁道出社,2000
[43]李劲,郑浩.C++Builder5.0技术内幕大公开[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2000
[44]范逸之,江文贤,陈立元.C++BUILDER与RS-232串口通信控制.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[45]秦曾煌.电工学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999,28-138
[46]孙江宏,李良玉.Protel 99电路设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[47]求是科技.单片机典型模块设计实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[48]戴佳,苗龙.51单片机应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[49]祁伟,杨亭.单片机C51程序设计教程与实验[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[50]李军.51系列单片机高级实例开发指南[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
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[53]刘瑞新.单片机原理及应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[54]李法春.单片机原理及接口技术案例教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[55]Ruan J,Burton R.A New Approach of Direct Digital Control for Spool Valves,1999,ASME,Nashville,Tennessee FPST-Vol.6:115-124.
[56]王福瑞.单片机微机测控系统设计大全[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998,323-349
[2]王小敏.我国减速顶调速设备的发展与展望[J].减速顶与调速技术,2005,(02)
[3]张军荣.减速顶管理和维修存在问题及对策.减速顶与调速技术.2001.2
[4]吴家豪.中国减速顶发展三十年[J].中国铁路,2004,(12)
[5]李洪义 赵学清.减速顶专业化集中修初探.2004.3
[6]陈峰.新型车载减速顶检测系统.减速顶与调速技术.2006.1
[7]邢潮汀.减速顶调速系统检测站发展展望.中国铁道学会铁路减速系统面向21世纪研讨.1999.10
[8]邢潮汀.减速顶室内模拟试验台新型多功能测试系统.上海铁道科技.2006.2
[9]阮健.电液(气)直接数字控制技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000
[10]阮健.新型流体控制元件及气动柔性执行元件的开发研究.博士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1995
[11]Ruan Jian,Burton R.A New Approach of Direct Digital Control for Spool Valves[J].ASME,The Fluid Power and Systems Technology,1999,FPST,Vol.6:115-124
[12]阮健,李胜,杨继隆.电液(气)直接数字控制的新方法.杭州:浙江工业大学学报,1999.9
[13]Ruan J,Burton R.A New Approach of Direct Digital Control for Spool Valves,1999,ASME,Nashville,Tennessee FPST-Vol.6:115-124.
[14]Noritsugu T.PWM Mode Electro-pneumatic Servo System for Position Control,Trans.Soc.Instrum &Control Eng,1984,20:754-764
[15]Ruan J,Ukrainetz p.2000," Frequency Domain Modeling and Identification of 2D Digital Servo Valve",International Journal of Fluid Power,1,pp.49-58
[16]阮健,李胜,杨继隆.电液(气)直接数字控制的新方法[J].浙江工业大学学 报,1999,27(3):207-213
[17]Ruan J,Burton R.1999,A New Approach of Direct Digital Control for Spool.Valves,ASME,Nashville,Tennessee FPST-Vol.6,pp.115-124.
[18]Ruan J,Burton R,Ukrainetz p.2002," Some Experimental Considerations of Stage Control in DigitalValves," ASME,New Orleans,FPST-VOL.9,PP.1-10.
[19]Lis,Ruan J,Burton R,Ukrainetz p.2002," Application of Stage Control in Material Testing Machine(MTS)," Proceeding of 2nd Chinese International Conference on Instrumentation,Jinan,China,pp.526-529.
[20]阮健,李胜,杨继隆.液压及气动阀直接数字控制的新途径.中国机械工程,2000,11(3):317-320
[21]李瑞遐 何志庆.微分方程数值方法.上海.华东理工大学出版社.2005
[22]李洪人.液压控制系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[23]路甬祥.电液比例控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988,1-26
[24]黄人豪,濮凤根,液压控制技术回顾与发展.北京:液压气动与密封,2002
[25]隗金文,王慧.液压传动.东北大学出版社.2001.12
[26]王占林.近代电气液压伺服控制[M].北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:2
[27]苏东海.基于虚拟仪器的电液伺服阀性能测试试验台系统研究.机床与液压.2003.No4
[28]刘晶 等.液压动力机构的SIMULINK动态仿真实现.煤矿机械.2006.Vol21.11
[29]骆涵秀,李世伦,朱捷,陈大军.机电控制.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000:103-109,163-168
[30]刘子龙.四边滑阀控制液压缸传递函数的一种求解方法.机床与液压.2003.No4
[31]李永堂 雷步芳.液压系统建模与仿真.冶金工业出版社.2003.2
[32]赵文峰MATLAB控制系统设计与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[33]沈辉.精通SIMULINK系统仿真与控制.北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[34]张明.MATLAB基础与应用简明教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[35]周金萍,王冉,吴斌.MATLAB6实践与提高.北京:中国电力出版社,2002,1:323-346
[36]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.4:406-422
[37]张志涌.精通MATLAB 6.5版.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[38]徐灏,邱宣怀,蔡春源.机械设计手册.1992
[39]陈启松.液压传动与控制手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006
[40]郭宗仪,王宗培.步进电动机及其控制系统(增量运动控制之二).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1984:1-5,167-176,209-218,310-323
[41]刘光.C++BUILDER程序设计导学.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[42]陈周造,陈灿煌.C++Builder4彻底研究[M].北京:中国铁道出社,2000
[43]李劲,郑浩.C++Builder5.0技术内幕大公开[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2000
[44]范逸之,江文贤,陈立元.C++BUILDER与RS-232串口通信控制.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[45]秦曾煌.电工学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999,28-138
[46]孙江宏,李良玉.Protel 99电路设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[47]求是科技.单片机典型模块设计实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[48]戴佳,苗龙.51单片机应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[49]祁伟,杨亭.单片机C51程序设计教程与实验[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[50]李军.51系列单片机高级实例开发指南[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[51]李华.MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1993
[52]赵德安.单片机原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[53]刘瑞新.单片机原理及应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[54]李法春.单片机原理及接口技术案例教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
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