表达ILTV gB及gD主要抗原表位基因和鸡IgY重链恒定区基因重组鸡痘病毒免疫效力的研究
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摘要
传染性喉气管炎(Infectious laryngotractheitis，ILT)是由传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)引起的鸡的一种急性上呼吸道传染病。该病分布于世界各地，被OIE列为B类传染病。上世纪60年代，我国也发现本病。此后，相继在许多省市流行，给我国养禽业造成了严重的经济损失。目前国内外主要使用弱毒疫苗预防本病，但它们都存在着疫苗株毒力偏强、潜伏感染、易于返祖以及疫苗株和野毒株无法鉴别的缺点，从而不利于ILT的根除。随着分子生物学的发展，利用基因工程疫苗预防ILT已成为人们的共识。禽痘病毒载体是继痘苗病毒以后发展起来的又一动物病毒载体。由于禽痘病毒具有宿主范围窄，可插入较大的外源基因，在动物体内能产生一过性感染，却能诱发保护性免疫应答，易于工业化生产等优点，使其从众多的活病毒载体中脱颖而出，成为当前重组病毒载体疫苗研究的热点，并且在人和许多动物重要传染病重组疫苗的研制中得到广泛应用。本研究利用鸡痘病毒弱毒疫苗株282 E4株为载体，构建了表达ILTV烟台株gB及gD主要抗原表位基因和鸡IgY重链恒定区基因的重组鸡痘病毒，并检测了其对鸡抵抗ILTV强毒株攻击的免疫保护作用。研究主要包括以下几个方面：
1．传染性喉气管炎病毒烟台株TK基因的序列测定及TK蛋白结构功能初步分析
根据传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)美国632株TK基因序列设计并合成1对引物，以烟台分离株为模板扩增了TK基因并对其进行了序列测定。结果表明，该基因包括1个1089 bp的完整开放阅读框架，可编码363个氨基酸组成的多肽。核苷酸序列比较分析发现，不同ILTV毒株之间TK基因相对保守，但与其他疱疹病毒之间同源性则比较低。氨基酸序列分析还发现，尽管与其他疱疹病毒的TK蛋白同源性较低，但ILTV TK蛋白也具有疱疹病毒胸苷激酶催化结构域的保守氨基酸共有序列：-DGXXGXGK-(ATP结合结构域)和-DRH-(核苷酸结合结构域)，以及5个保守的Cys残基。这些Cys残基可能是通过形成二硫键来维持TK蛋白氨基酸的功能构象，使ATP结合结构域与核苷酸结合结构域在空间上相互重叠，并与底物靠近发生反应，从而发挥TK蛋白的功能。
2．传染性喉气管炎病毒烟台株gE基因的序列测定及gE蛋白结构功能初步分析
根据传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)美国标准攻毒毒株gE基因序列设计并合成1对引物，以烟台株为模板，PCR法扩增出1条1.5 kb的gE基因片段，并将其克隆至
Infectious laryngotractheitis (ILT) is an important upper respiratory tract infection of chickens characterized by signs of respiratory depression, gasping, expectoration of bloody mucus, and high mortality. The disease is found worldwide and may result in severe production losses and reduced egg production. It was classified type B infectious disease by OIE. The causative agent of the disease is an alphaherpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) that was classified as gallid herpesvirus 1. ILT was also found in our country on the 60's and occurred in many provinces and cities one after another. Present vaccines for ILT are all conventionally attenuated live vaccines. As immunogenicity of ILTV is usually correlated with its virulence, almost all applied vaccines remained moderately pathogenic and have shown a variety of side effects including spread of vaccine virus to nonvaccinates, occurrence of long term "carrier"' birds, increasing virulence during in vivo passage, and can't differentiate the vaccine strain and the field strain. With the development of molecular biology, preventing and eliminating ILT with genetic vaccine is the prefered method. Fowl poxvirus vector is a new animal virus vector developed after vaccinia virus vector and has many advantages. Firstly, fowl poxvirus only infects poultry and has a miscarried infection to other animal, but can induce protective immune reaction. Secondly, fowl poxvirus has a large double-stranded DNA with some separate non-essential genomic regions suitable for foreign gene insertion. Thirdly, as fowl poxvirus can be multiplicated in chicken embryo fiber cell easily. the recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine is able to be produced industrially. At the present time. many protective antigen genes of poultry and animal virus have been expressed with fowl poxvirus vector successfully and some of them can induce protective immunity after being vaccinated animal. In this report, we constructed the recombinant fowl poxvirus expressing the major antigen epitope genes of
1．传染性喉气管炎病毒烟台株TK基因的序列测定及TK蛋白结构功能初步分析
根据传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)美国632株TK基因序列设计并合成1对引物，以烟台分离株为模板扩增了TK基因并对其进行了序列测定。结果表明，该基因包括1个1089 bp的完整开放阅读框架，可编码363个氨基酸组成的多肽。核苷酸序列比较分析发现，不同ILTV毒株之间TK基因相对保守，但与其他疱疹病毒之间同源性则比较低。氨基酸序列分析还发现，尽管与其他疱疹病毒的TK蛋白同源性较低，但ILTV TK蛋白也具有疱疹病毒胸苷激酶催化结构域的保守氨基酸共有序列：-DGXXGXGK-(ATP结合结构域)和-DRH-(核苷酸结合结构域)，以及5个保守的Cys残基。这些Cys残基可能是通过形成二硫键来维持TK蛋白氨基酸的功能构象，使ATP结合结构域与核苷酸结合结构域在空间上相互重叠，并与底物靠近发生反应，从而发挥TK蛋白的功能。
2．传染性喉气管炎病毒烟台株gE基因的序列测定及gE蛋白结构功能初步分析
根据传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)美国标准攻毒毒株gE基因序列设计并合成1对引物，以烟台株为模板，PCR法扩增出1条1.5 kb的gE基因片段，并将其克隆至
Infectious laryngotractheitis (ILT) is an important upper respiratory tract infection of chickens characterized by signs of respiratory depression, gasping, expectoration of bloody mucus, and high mortality. The disease is found worldwide and may result in severe production losses and reduced egg production. It was classified type B infectious disease by OIE. The causative agent of the disease is an alphaherpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) that was classified as gallid herpesvirus 1. ILT was also found in our country on the 60's and occurred in many provinces and cities one after another. Present vaccines for ILT are all conventionally attenuated live vaccines. As immunogenicity of ILTV is usually correlated with its virulence, almost all applied vaccines remained moderately pathogenic and have shown a variety of side effects including spread of vaccine virus to nonvaccinates, occurrence of long term "carrier"' birds, increasing virulence during in vivo passage, and can't differentiate the vaccine strain and the field strain. With the development of molecular biology, preventing and eliminating ILT with genetic vaccine is the prefered method. Fowl poxvirus vector is a new animal virus vector developed after vaccinia virus vector and has many advantages. Firstly, fowl poxvirus only infects poultry and has a miscarried infection to other animal, but can induce protective immune reaction. Secondly, fowl poxvirus has a large double-stranded DNA with some separate non-essential genomic regions suitable for foreign gene insertion. Thirdly, as fowl poxvirus can be multiplicated in chicken embryo fiber cell easily. the recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine is able to be produced industrially. At the present time. many protective antigen genes of poultry and animal virus have been expressed with fowl poxvirus vector successfully and some of them can induce protective immunity after being vaccinated animal. In this report, we constructed the recombinant fowl poxvirus expressing the major antigen epitope genes of
引文
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