利益相关者导向与企业绩效的关系研究
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摘要
随着研究的深入,市场导向研究领域有许多新的研究内容出现,其中一个重要趋势,就是人们开始关注企业更多的利益相关者,出现了利益相关者导向研究。近年来,利益相关者导向的企业文化被认为是企业取得竞争优势的关键因素,但国外学者的实证研究却一直怀疑这一命题。我国已有许多企业开始引入利益相关者导向的管理理念,然而这种理念是否以及如何影响企业的绩效?由于研究背景、研究目的及样本选取等不同,学者们对利益相关者导向影响企业绩效的机制众说纷纭,因而本文提出加以观测研究。
本文以福建省内企业为研究样本,不仅要探讨与验证利益相关者导向与企业绩效的影响关系,而且要探讨这种影响关系的作用机制,即对利益相关者导向是否以及如何通过企业文化影响企业的绩效进行实证研究。研究结果表明:(1)利益相关者导向并不直接影响企业绩效;(2)利益相关者导向对企业文化的外部适应性和内部一致性有显著的直接正向影响;(3)企业文化的外部适应性对企业文化的内部一致性有显著的直接正向影响;(4)利益相关者导向通过企业文化的外部适应性对企业文化的内部一致性有显著的间接正向影响;(5)企业文化的内部一致性对企业绩效有显著的直接正向影响;(6)企业文化的外部适应性对企业绩效没有显著的直接正向影响关系,但通过企业文化的内部一致性对企业绩效有间接的正向影响;(7)利益相关者导向会通过影响企业文化的外部适应性,进而影响企业文化的内部一致性,并最终影响企业绩效。企业文化的内部一致性在“利益相关者导向—企业文化—企业绩效”关系链中起到了至关重要的作用,是提升企业绩效的瓶颈。
With further development, there are many new results emerging in the field of market-oriented theory, one important tendency in this field is that people have begun to pay attention to more stakeholders of the enterprise, emerging stakeholders-oriented research. In recent years, the corporate culture of stakeholders-oriented has been considered the key factor by which enterprises have obtained competitive advantages, but foreign scholars have been doubtful about this proposition. Today China's many enterprises have begun to introduce the management concept of the so called "being stakeholders-oriented" (BSO). But whether and how does above-mentioned concept have any effect on enterpises' performance? Because of different research background, aim and sample, scholars have different ideas about the mechanism of SO's affecting on enterprises' performance among them. So it is necessary to observe and research the problem further.
Through sampling the enterprises in Fujian Province, this paper has not only explored and examined the relationship between SO and enterprise performance, but discussed working mechanism of this kind of relationship between them. That is to say, this paper has made a empirical study on whether and how stakeholders -oriented through corporate culture affects organizational achievement. This study indicates that (1) BSO does not directly work on enterprise performanc at all; (2) BSO has obvious direct bearing on adaptability of the corporate culture to the outside (ACCO) and on consistency of the corporate culture inside (CCCI); (3) ACCO carries obvious weight on CCCI; (4) BSO has obvious indirect impact on CCCI through ACCO; (5) CCCI directly and positively impact on organizational achievement; (6) ACCO does not directly act on enterprise performance, but indirectly acts on enterprise performance through CCCI; (7) by impacting on ACCO, BSO plays on CCCI and on enterprise performance in the end. In the BSO—corporate culture—enterprise performance chain, CCCI—the bottleneck in raising enterprise performance—plays a crucial role.
本文以福建省内企业为研究样本,不仅要探讨与验证利益相关者导向与企业绩效的影响关系,而且要探讨这种影响关系的作用机制,即对利益相关者导向是否以及如何通过企业文化影响企业的绩效进行实证研究。研究结果表明:(1)利益相关者导向并不直接影响企业绩效;(2)利益相关者导向对企业文化的外部适应性和内部一致性有显著的直接正向影响;(3)企业文化的外部适应性对企业文化的内部一致性有显著的直接正向影响;(4)利益相关者导向通过企业文化的外部适应性对企业文化的内部一致性有显著的间接正向影响;(5)企业文化的内部一致性对企业绩效有显著的直接正向影响;(6)企业文化的外部适应性对企业绩效没有显著的直接正向影响关系,但通过企业文化的内部一致性对企业绩效有间接的正向影响;(7)利益相关者导向会通过影响企业文化的外部适应性,进而影响企业文化的内部一致性,并最终影响企业绩效。企业文化的内部一致性在“利益相关者导向—企业文化—企业绩效”关系链中起到了至关重要的作用,是提升企业绩效的瓶颈。
With further development, there are many new results emerging in the field of market-oriented theory, one important tendency in this field is that people have begun to pay attention to more stakeholders of the enterprise, emerging stakeholders-oriented research. In recent years, the corporate culture of stakeholders-oriented has been considered the key factor by which enterprises have obtained competitive advantages, but foreign scholars have been doubtful about this proposition. Today China's many enterprises have begun to introduce the management concept of the so called "being stakeholders-oriented" (BSO). But whether and how does above-mentioned concept have any effect on enterpises' performance? Because of different research background, aim and sample, scholars have different ideas about the mechanism of SO's affecting on enterprises' performance among them. So it is necessary to observe and research the problem further.
Through sampling the enterprises in Fujian Province, this paper has not only explored and examined the relationship between SO and enterprise performance, but discussed working mechanism of this kind of relationship between them. That is to say, this paper has made a empirical study on whether and how stakeholders -oriented through corporate culture affects organizational achievement. This study indicates that (1) BSO does not directly work on enterprise performanc at all; (2) BSO has obvious direct bearing on adaptability of the corporate culture to the outside (ACCO) and on consistency of the corporate culture inside (CCCI); (3) ACCO carries obvious weight on CCCI; (4) BSO has obvious indirect impact on CCCI through ACCO; (5) CCCI directly and positively impact on organizational achievement; (6) ACCO does not directly act on enterprise performance, but indirectly acts on enterprise performance through CCCI; (7) by impacting on ACCO, BSO plays on CCCI and on enterprise performance in the end. In the BSO—corporate culture—enterprise performance chain, CCCI—the bottleneck in raising enterprise performance—plays a crucial role.
引文
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