基于DSP/BIOS的人体皮肤测量系统的研究
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摘要
人体皮肤是身体内部与外界的天然屏障，能否通过对皮肤生理参数的测量来准确地掌握人体机能的变化是当今医学界的一个重大研究课题。所以测量人体皮肤指标，分析人体可能患有的病种，对预防疾病具有很重要的作用。当前对皮肤生理指标测量有一些解决方案，但是，现有的产品大多功能单一，集成度低，无法满足对皮肤作全面测量要求，也不能根据结果得到相应皮肤衰老的状况、人体健康状况及相应治疗方案。
本文构建了由数据采集电路(包括皮肤的温度、湿度和酸碱度指标采集部分)、处理器电路(包括TMS320VC5402芯片和存储器)、传输存储电路(USB主从接口)、人机交互电路(包括HPI接口、LCD显示和扩展按键)、译码电路和电源电路等部分综合而成的人体皮肤测量系统硬件平台，实现了对人体皮肤的测量与分析等功能。
本文采用I~2C总线将皮肤指标数据传输到DSP处理器中，处理后的数据选用USB总线实现U盘存储或者与PC通信。系统利用了UFI命令按照FAT32文件协议格式访问U盘。本文采用这些通信协议方便了皮肤指标测量模块的扩展，也符合嵌入式系统便携的特点。
针对性价比较高的TMS320C5000的DSP，本文利用了TI公司提供的DSP／BIOS实时操作系统进行实时多任务系统的开发，实现了任务调度、信号量的传输和软硬中断的处理，既提高了系统的可靠性，又方便系统的的升级，缩短了开发周期。另外，本文还研究了DSP编程中的软件优化方法，以及DSP／BIOS的优化方法，这不仅决定系统能否正常工作，而且影响系统实时性。这些关键技术的调试过程及解决方案，为DSP的开发应用积累了可供参考的经验。
基于DSP／BIOS的人体皮肤测量系统，实现了皮肤典型指标(温度、湿度和酸碱度)的采集、传输、处理、存储以及显示，为皮肤测量领域的研究打下了坚实的基础。
Human skin is naturally the internal and external barriers of human body. whether being able to grasp human body enginery change accurately by skin physiology parameter is a significant research problem of medical science domain at present. So it is very important to measure the parameters of human skin and analyse what diseases they possibly have contracted for preventing the diseases early. Now, there are some projects to measure skin's physiological parameter. But, many of them only have simple functions and low integration, which can't realize the overall measure for skin and can't completely deduce the condition of skin aging from them. So, we can't know the health condition and hard to make the scheme of curing the diseases by these parameters.
In this thesis, a hardware platform of human skin measurement system is established, which consist of six modules, that is, data acquisition portion(including temperature, humidity and PH value acquisition circuit), data processment portion(including TMS320VC5402 DSP and memories), output channel(USB host/device interface), human-machine communication equipment(including HPI interface, LCD and keyboard), decoding circuit and power circuit. The system can measure and analyse skin physiological parameters.
The system transmit the parameters of the temperature, humidity and PH value collected by advanced skin sensor to DSP through I~2C interface for processing, then export the result to the mass-storage or PC through the USB interface. The system access the U-disk through UFI mass storage class specification according to FAT32 file system specification. The specification of the system make sure upgrade easily and portable.
An embedded Versatile Real-Time Executive (VRTX) is developed in this system by using DSP/BIOS for TMS320C5000, which is provided by TI. Scheduling of tasks, transferring of semaphores and processing of soft/hard interrupts is completed so that these can improve reliability of system, reduce cost greatly and shorten the period of development. In addition, the thesis does a research on several key technology of DSP programming, especially the software optimizing method and DSP/BIOS optimizing method, which not only determines whether the system can work normally, but also the real-time character. Such debugging course and solutions can offer reference to late research and application of DSP.
The research on human skin measurement system based on DSP/BIOS operating system has completed to collect, transmit, process and storage the skin physiological parameters of temperature, humidity and PH value. It is a very important step for the measurement and diagnose in human skin.
本文构建了由数据采集电路(包括皮肤的温度、湿度和酸碱度指标采集部分)、处理器电路(包括TMS320VC5402芯片和存储器)、传输存储电路(USB主从接口)、人机交互电路(包括HPI接口、LCD显示和扩展按键)、译码电路和电源电路等部分综合而成的人体皮肤测量系统硬件平台，实现了对人体皮肤的测量与分析等功能。
本文采用I~2C总线将皮肤指标数据传输到DSP处理器中，处理后的数据选用USB总线实现U盘存储或者与PC通信。系统利用了UFI命令按照FAT32文件协议格式访问U盘。本文采用这些通信协议方便了皮肤指标测量模块的扩展，也符合嵌入式系统便携的特点。
针对性价比较高的TMS320C5000的DSP，本文利用了TI公司提供的DSP／BIOS实时操作系统进行实时多任务系统的开发，实现了任务调度、信号量的传输和软硬中断的处理，既提高了系统的可靠性，又方便系统的的升级，缩短了开发周期。另外，本文还研究了DSP编程中的软件优化方法，以及DSP／BIOS的优化方法，这不仅决定系统能否正常工作，而且影响系统实时性。这些关键技术的调试过程及解决方案，为DSP的开发应用积累了可供参考的经验。
基于DSP／BIOS的人体皮肤测量系统，实现了皮肤典型指标(温度、湿度和酸碱度)的采集、传输、处理、存储以及显示，为皮肤测量领域的研究打下了坚实的基础。
Human skin is naturally the internal and external barriers of human body. whether being able to grasp human body enginery change accurately by skin physiology parameter is a significant research problem of medical science domain at present. So it is very important to measure the parameters of human skin and analyse what diseases they possibly have contracted for preventing the diseases early. Now, there are some projects to measure skin's physiological parameter. But, many of them only have simple functions and low integration, which can't realize the overall measure for skin and can't completely deduce the condition of skin aging from them. So, we can't know the health condition and hard to make the scheme of curing the diseases by these parameters.
In this thesis, a hardware platform of human skin measurement system is established, which consist of six modules, that is, data acquisition portion(including temperature, humidity and PH value acquisition circuit), data processment portion(including TMS320VC5402 DSP and memories), output channel(USB host/device interface), human-machine communication equipment(including HPI interface, LCD and keyboard), decoding circuit and power circuit. The system can measure and analyse skin physiological parameters.
The system transmit the parameters of the temperature, humidity and PH value collected by advanced skin sensor to DSP through I~2C interface for processing, then export the result to the mass-storage or PC through the USB interface. The system access the U-disk through UFI mass storage class specification according to FAT32 file system specification. The specification of the system make sure upgrade easily and portable.
An embedded Versatile Real-Time Executive (VRTX) is developed in this system by using DSP/BIOS for TMS320C5000, which is provided by TI. Scheduling of tasks, transferring of semaphores and processing of soft/hard interrupts is completed so that these can improve reliability of system, reduce cost greatly and shorten the period of development. In addition, the thesis does a research on several key technology of DSP programming, especially the software optimizing method and DSP/BIOS optimizing method, which not only determines whether the system can work normally, but also the real-time character. Such debugging course and solutions can offer reference to late research and application of DSP.
The research on human skin measurement system based on DSP/BIOS operating system has completed to collect, transmit, process and storage the skin physiological parameters of temperature, humidity and PH value. It is a very important step for the measurement and diagnose in human skin.
引文
[1] 丁克祥．皮肤老化与延缓皮肤老化．中国海军抗衰老研究中心研究报告，2002．1～58
[2] 王攀，曾勇，张庆森等．皮肤智能诊断系统可行性报告．武汉理工大学控制与决策研究所研究报告，2003．1～12
[3] 张庆森．人体皮肤皱纹检测系统的研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2005
[4] 郭德军．皮肤表面状态检测技术的研究：[硕士论文]．哈尔滨：东北林业大学，2005
[5] 蒋莉萍．一种可分析皮肤属性的测试仪．中国专利，96236296，1996-09-25
[6] 韩小斌，朱永文．数字式温度传感器DS18820及其应用．电子技术，2002．5：43～44
[7] 丁化成，耿德根．AVR单片机应用设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．26～56
[8] 马潮．Atmega8原理及应用手册．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．18～50
[9] 奥珍．马丁森．皮肤中水分含量的测量．中国专利，95195605，1995-10-09
[10] 胡廷东．皮肤酸碱属性测试仪．中国专利，99208559．4，1999-04-23
[11] 张雄伟，陈亮．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．12～35
[12] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320VC5402 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, 2001. 3～65
[13] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set, Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals, 2001. 201～433
[14] 潘志东，周融，姜田华．DSP与标准I~2C总线接口设计．元器件与应用，2003．9：39～40
[15] Texas Instruments Incorporated. Interfacing the TMS320C54X DSP to an I~2C Bus, 2002. 6～36
[16] 顾菘．基于DSP自动指纹识别系统硬件平台的设计与实现：[硕士论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2005
[17] 李上管，王文理，谢纪刚．一个基于TMS320C5402DSP应用系统的设计．河北大学学报，2002．22(1)：70～72
[18] 金鹏电子有限公司．C系列中文液晶显示模块使用说明书．3～23
[19] 洪家平．中文图形显示控制芯片ST7920原理与应用．国外电子元器件，2005．1：38～40
[20] 黄平平，吉荣廷，沈大鹏．基于CH375实现单片机读写U盘．现代电子技术，2006．18：13～15
[21] 南京沁恒电子有限公司．CH375中文手册．1～13
[22] 史义凯，张克满．基于CPLD和DSP技术的视频图像采集系统设计与实现．微计算机应用，2006．26(5)：620～623
[23] Hu ming. Equipment for Testing Power Parameters Based on DSP & CPLD. Microprocessors 2003. 7(3): 58～60
[24] 陆阳，闵信余，海深．嵌入式USB主机文件系统下的实时数据存储．计算机工程与设 计．2007．28(6)：1384～1386
[25] Wong, T. Understanding USB. Electronics World, 1999. 11: 36～39
[26] Compaq, Intel, Lucent, etal. Universal Serial Bus Specification. 2000. 11～24
[27] 广州周立功发展有限公司．I~2C总线规范．7～26
[28] 张昆，邱扬，刘浩编．I~2C总线扩展技术．网络与通讯技术，2003．7：25～29
[29] Microsoft Corporation. FAT32 File System Specification. 2000. 20～66
[30] USB Implementer's Forum, USB Mass Storage Class UFI Command Specification Rev1.0, 1998. 36～80
[31] USB Implementer's Forum, USB Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only Transport Rev1.0, 1999. 106～156
[32] 王鹏．基于DSP／BIOS的交通流信息采集与研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：华中科技大学，2005
[33] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320DSP/BIOS User Guide, 2001. 16～101
[34] 彭启琮，管庆，等．DSP集成开发环境-CCS及DSP／BIOS的原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．176～395
[35] 张涛．基于通用DSP实现HDTV机顶盒的研究与实现：[博士论文]．天津：天津大学，2004
[36] 赵锋荣，卢继平．一种新的TMS320VC5402DSP上电引导程序的设计方法．电子产品世界，2002．12：56～58
[37] 郎岩梅，唐文彦，赵军．基于DSP的嵌入式系统中BOOTLOADER程序的设计方法．电测与仪表，2003．40(4)：35～37
[38] 沈文，Eagle Lee，詹卫前．AVR单片机C语言开发入门指导．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．133～171
[39] 张勇，陈天麒．C／C++语言硬件程序设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003．27～74
[40] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set, Volume 2: Mnemonic Instruction Set, 2001. 22～36
[41] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set, Volume 3: Algebraic Instruction Set, 2001. 36～68
[42] USB Implementer's Forum, USB Mass Storage Class Specification Overview Rev1.1,2000. 16～68
[43] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface (API) Reference Guide. 2000. 22～89
[44] Jiang Bin. The Design of Basic System Based on TMS320C5402. Computer and Math Engineer, 2003. 3: 17～20
[45] LUO Yan-xing, XIE Mei. A Versatile High-speed Image Processing System Based on DSP and CPLD. Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006. 4(2): 110～113
[2] 王攀，曾勇，张庆森等．皮肤智能诊断系统可行性报告．武汉理工大学控制与决策研究所研究报告，2003．1～12
[3] 张庆森．人体皮肤皱纹检测系统的研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学，2005
[4] 郭德军．皮肤表面状态检测技术的研究：[硕士论文]．哈尔滨：东北林业大学，2005
[5] 蒋莉萍．一种可分析皮肤属性的测试仪．中国专利，96236296，1996-09-25
[6] 韩小斌，朱永文．数字式温度传感器DS18820及其应用．电子技术，2002．5：43～44
[7] 丁化成，耿德根．AVR单片机应用设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．26～56
[8] 马潮．Atmega8原理及应用手册．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．18～50
[9] 奥珍．马丁森．皮肤中水分含量的测量．中国专利，95195605，1995-10-09
[10] 胡廷东．皮肤酸碱属性测试仪．中国专利，99208559．4，1999-04-23
[11] 张雄伟，陈亮．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．12～35
[12] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320VC5402 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, 2001. 3～65
[13] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set, Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals, 2001. 201～433
[14] 潘志东，周融，姜田华．DSP与标准I~2C总线接口设计．元器件与应用，2003．9：39～40
[15] Texas Instruments Incorporated. Interfacing the TMS320C54X DSP to an I~2C Bus, 2002. 6～36
[16] 顾菘．基于DSP自动指纹识别系统硬件平台的设计与实现：[硕士论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2005
[17] 李上管，王文理，谢纪刚．一个基于TMS320C5402DSP应用系统的设计．河北大学学报，2002．22(1)：70～72
[18] 金鹏电子有限公司．C系列中文液晶显示模块使用说明书．3～23
[19] 洪家平．中文图形显示控制芯片ST7920原理与应用．国外电子元器件，2005．1：38～40
[20] 黄平平，吉荣廷，沈大鹏．基于CH375实现单片机读写U盘．现代电子技术，2006．18：13～15
[21] 南京沁恒电子有限公司．CH375中文手册．1～13
[22] 史义凯，张克满．基于CPLD和DSP技术的视频图像采集系统设计与实现．微计算机应用，2006．26(5)：620～623
[23] Hu ming. Equipment for Testing Power Parameters Based on DSP & CPLD. Microprocessors 2003. 7(3): 58～60
[24] 陆阳，闵信余，海深．嵌入式USB主机文件系统下的实时数据存储．计算机工程与设 计．2007．28(6)：1384～1386
[25] Wong, T. Understanding USB. Electronics World, 1999. 11: 36～39
[26] Compaq, Intel, Lucent, etal. Universal Serial Bus Specification. 2000. 11～24
[27] 广州周立功发展有限公司．I~2C总线规范．7～26
[28] 张昆，邱扬，刘浩编．I~2C总线扩展技术．网络与通讯技术，2003．7：25～29
[29] Microsoft Corporation. FAT32 File System Specification. 2000. 20～66
[30] USB Implementer's Forum, USB Mass Storage Class UFI Command Specification Rev1.0, 1998. 36～80
[31] USB Implementer's Forum, USB Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only Transport Rev1.0, 1999. 106～156
[32] 王鹏．基于DSP／BIOS的交通流信息采集与研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：华中科技大学，2005
[33] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320DSP/BIOS User Guide, 2001. 16～101
[34] 彭启琮，管庆，等．DSP集成开发环境-CCS及DSP／BIOS的原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．176～395
[35] 张涛．基于通用DSP实现HDTV机顶盒的研究与实现：[博士论文]．天津：天津大学，2004
[36] 赵锋荣，卢继平．一种新的TMS320VC5402DSP上电引导程序的设计方法．电子产品世界，2002．12：56～58
[37] 郎岩梅，唐文彦，赵军．基于DSP的嵌入式系统中BOOTLOADER程序的设计方法．电测与仪表，2003．40(4)：35～37
[38] 沈文，Eagle Lee，詹卫前．AVR单片机C语言开发入门指导．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．133～171
[39] 张勇，陈天麒．C／C++语言硬件程序设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003．27～74
[40] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set, Volume 2: Mnemonic Instruction Set, 2001. 22～36
[41] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP Reference Set, Volume 3: Algebraic Instruction Set, 2001. 36～68
[42] USB Implementer's Forum, USB Mass Storage Class Specification Overview Rev1.1,2000. 16～68
[43] Texas Instruments Incorporated. TMS320C54X DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface (API) Reference Guide. 2000. 22～89
[44] Jiang Bin. The Design of Basic System Based on TMS320C5402. Computer and Math Engineer, 2003. 3: 17～20
[45] LUO Yan-xing, XIE Mei. A Versatile High-speed Image Processing System Based on DSP and CPLD. Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006. 4(2): 110～113
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