基于以太网的桥梁照明供电监控系统的设计
摘要
桥梁的实时监控对于保证桥梁的安全运行十分重要，然而，由于桥梁的特殊的地理位置，所以事实上工业现场的条件十分恶劣，如果采用人工方式进行监控和维护显然十分不智。本文的任务就是对桥梁的自动化监控系统进行简单的设计，为日后进一步的设计奠定良好的基础。在设计中底层数据采集和控制器件我们选用了带有CAN接口的智能模块以简化设计过程。同时重点介绍了CAN总线接入以太网技术，通过这样的设计以使底层模块与监控PC能够有效的进行通讯。
现场总线是面向工业现场底层设备的数字化网络技术，现场总线系统(FCS)具有数字化、智能化、和可互操作等特点，十分符合工业控制现场的各种要求。CAN总线是现场总线的一种，最初诞生于汽车行业，它是一种有效支持分布式控制和实时控制的串行通信网络，具有可靠性、实时性和灵活性高，价格低等特点，被越来越广泛的应用于各种工业现场。而工业以太网以其固有的传输速率高，易于安装和开放性好的特点也正在工业控制领域起到不可忽视的作用。
本文重点设计了CAN／Ethernet网关。在设计中首先简单介绍了CAN总线、Ethernet以及TCP／IP协议的特点及发展，并分析了将CAN总线接入以太网的可行性。
网关的硬件设计包括：CAN接口的设计和以太网接口的设计。其中CAN接口在硬件上选用Philip公司生产的CAN控制器SJA1000和高速CAN总线收发器TJA1040，以太网接口采用台湾Realtek公司生产的全双工以太网控制器RTL8019AS，微控制器则采用AT89S52 CMOS 8位单片机。从而构建起系统通讯的硬件平台。
软件设计包括CAN接口和以太网接口的底层驱动程序的设计，分别包括CAN接口和以太网接口的的初始化程序和发送接收程序，并初步在单片机上实现精简的TCP／IP协议，包括ARP协议、IP协议、ICMP协议和UDP协议。这样通过网关就可能实现CAN控制协议和TCP／IP协议的转换并使得系统在日后的维护和升级中接入Internet成为可能。
The real-time monitorial and control system is very important to make the btidge running safely.But because of the special geographical environment of the bridge,in fact ,the condition of the industry scene is very hard.So it's obviously that it's not sagacious to monitory and control the bridge with manpower.The mission of this article is to simplely design the bridge automation monitorial and control system inorder to establish a basis for the future design.We adopt the intelligence module sith CAN interface as the bottom data collecting and control equpment in order to make the design progressing simplely.And mainly introduce the techenology of CAN Bus connectted into Ethernet with which can realize the communition between lower devices and the monitorial PC.
Field-bus is a digitial network techenology which face to the lower devices of the industry scene. FCS has the character of digital, intellectualized and co-operation, which is quite suit for the requirment of the ndustry scene. As a kind of the Field- bus, CAN bus I come from automobile industry ,with the charater of highly reliable and low priced, being used more and more extensively.And Ethernet is also playing more and more importment role in the industry control field because its highly transmission rate and well open charater.
This article mainly design the gateway of CAN/Ethernet.And firstly introduce the development and charater of CAN bus and Ethernet and TCP/IP.And analyse the feasibility of connect the CAN bus and Ethernet.
The hardware design of the gateway including the CAN interface and Ethernet interface.And the CAN interface adopts the CAN control chip SJA1000 and the sending and collecting chip TJA1040.The Ethernet interface adopts the Ethernet control chip RTL8019AS.The microcomputer adopts AT89S52.With all of this we can build the hardware platform of the system.
The design of the software including the driver program of both the CAN interface and Ethernet interface. And tentatively implement the TCP/IP Protocol in the microcomputer,such as ARP protocol、IP protocol、ICMP protocol、UDP protocol.
In this paper,we design the gateway of CAN/Ethernet,including the CAN filed-bus interface and the Ethernet interface and their driver program.Also we implement the TCP/IP Protocol in the microcomputer.At the last,the gateway is used into bridge automation system, thus the lower devices and the monitorial PC can be connected and the data exchange between them can be realized. With this we can realize the conversion of the CAN protocol and TCP/IP protocol,and the system can be connected into internet in the other day if necessary.
现场总线是面向工业现场底层设备的数字化网络技术，现场总线系统(FCS)具有数字化、智能化、和可互操作等特点，十分符合工业控制现场的各种要求。CAN总线是现场总线的一种，最初诞生于汽车行业，它是一种有效支持分布式控制和实时控制的串行通信网络，具有可靠性、实时性和灵活性高，价格低等特点，被越来越广泛的应用于各种工业现场。而工业以太网以其固有的传输速率高，易于安装和开放性好的特点也正在工业控制领域起到不可忽视的作用。
本文重点设计了CAN／Ethernet网关。在设计中首先简单介绍了CAN总线、Ethernet以及TCP／IP协议的特点及发展，并分析了将CAN总线接入以太网的可行性。
网关的硬件设计包括：CAN接口的设计和以太网接口的设计。其中CAN接口在硬件上选用Philip公司生产的CAN控制器SJA1000和高速CAN总线收发器TJA1040，以太网接口采用台湾Realtek公司生产的全双工以太网控制器RTL8019AS，微控制器则采用AT89S52 CMOS 8位单片机。从而构建起系统通讯的硬件平台。
软件设计包括CAN接口和以太网接口的底层驱动程序的设计，分别包括CAN接口和以太网接口的的初始化程序和发送接收程序，并初步在单片机上实现精简的TCP／IP协议，包括ARP协议、IP协议、ICMP协议和UDP协议。这样通过网关就可能实现CAN控制协议和TCP／IP协议的转换并使得系统在日后的维护和升级中接入Internet成为可能。
The real-time monitorial and control system is very important to make the btidge running safely.But because of the special geographical environment of the bridge,in fact ,the condition of the industry scene is very hard.So it's obviously that it's not sagacious to monitory and control the bridge with manpower.The mission of this article is to simplely design the bridge automation monitorial and control system inorder to establish a basis for the future design.We adopt the intelligence module sith CAN interface as the bottom data collecting and control equpment in order to make the design progressing simplely.And mainly introduce the techenology of CAN Bus connectted into Ethernet with which can realize the communition between lower devices and the monitorial PC.
Field-bus is a digitial network techenology which face to the lower devices of the industry scene. FCS has the character of digital, intellectualized and co-operation, which is quite suit for the requirment of the ndustry scene. As a kind of the Field- bus, CAN bus I come from automobile industry ,with the charater of highly reliable and low priced, being used more and more extensively.And Ethernet is also playing more and more importment role in the industry control field because its highly transmission rate and well open charater.
This article mainly design the gateway of CAN/Ethernet.And firstly introduce the development and charater of CAN bus and Ethernet and TCP/IP.And analyse the feasibility of connect the CAN bus and Ethernet.
The hardware design of the gateway including the CAN interface and Ethernet interface.And the CAN interface adopts the CAN control chip SJA1000 and the sending and collecting chip TJA1040.The Ethernet interface adopts the Ethernet control chip RTL8019AS.The microcomputer adopts AT89S52.With all of this we can build the hardware platform of the system.
The design of the software including the driver program of both the CAN interface and Ethernet interface. And tentatively implement the TCP/IP Protocol in the microcomputer,such as ARP protocol、IP protocol、ICMP protocol、UDP protocol.
In this paper,we design the gateway of CAN/Ethernet,including the CAN filed-bus interface and the Ethernet interface and their driver program.Also we implement the TCP/IP Protocol in the microcomputer.At the last,the gateway is used into bridge automation system, thus the lower devices and the monitorial PC can be connected and the data exchange between them can be realized. With this we can realize the conversion of the CAN protocol and TCP/IP protocol,and the system can be connected into internet in the other day if necessary.
引文
[1] W．Richard Stevens著，范建华，张涛译．TCP/IP详解卷1：协议．机械工业出版社．2001
[2] 朱世欣．工业以太网新一代的工业现场总线技术．甘肃科技2005．21(12)
[3] 张浩，马玉敏，杜品圣著．Interbus现场总线与工业以太网技术．机械工业出版社．2006
[4] 李正军著．现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计．人民邮电出版社．2006
[5] Martinez, H.I.H. Morales, C.A.C. Martinez, O.A. Automation of a robotic arm by analysing the CAN protocol. Electronics, Communications and Computers, 2004. CONIELECOMP 2004. 14th International Conference on. 2004:2 - 7
[6] Wu Xiao-chao Wu Jie Yang Jinming Zhang Song-guang Xu Qing.Design of Supervisory System Based on CAN Bus for Wind Power Plant. Industrial Electronics, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on. 2006:1679 - 1682
[7] Guzman, E., Hernandez, H. & Urbieta, R., Implementation of the fieldbus protocol CAN in a FPGA to control applications, Ⅺ Int. Meeting of Computation C1C2002, Mexico city, Mexico, pp. 127 - 139, november 2002 (In spanish).
[8] Guzman, R. & Hernandez, H., Implementation of a network based on the fieldbus CAN protocol to application of general purpose, Int. Conf. of Devices, Circuits and Systems CIDCS 2003, Ver, Mexico, junio 25 - 27 2003 (In spanish).
[9] Bosch, CAN Specification Version 2.0, Robert Bosch GmbH, 1991.
[10] Zhang Dongliang ,Tian Xincheng ,Xuqing. Application of CAN bus technique in digital AC servo drives. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2004. IPEMC 2004. The 4th International. 2004:746 - 749
[11] Guo Chuanxiong, Zheng Shaoren. Analysis and evaluation of the TCPIP protocol stack of LINUX. Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000. WCC - ICCT 2000. International Conference on .2000:444 - 453
[12] 宋纪恩．CAN总线在自动化系统中的应用．农网自动化．2006(1)1～2
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[15] 李正军编著．现场总线及其应用技术．机械工业出版社．2006
[16] 史久根，张培仁，陈真勇编著．CAN现场总线系统设计技术．国防工业出版社．2004
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[29] 杜欢．TCP/IP协议在以太网现场总线及虚拟仪器中的研究与应用．硕士学位论文．武汉：华中科技大学2002
[30] Bernett, M. Oleynik Gene.Uniform communications software using TCP/IP. Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on.1989:1715 - 1718
[31] 任泰明 编著．TCP/IP协议与网络编程．西安电子科技大学出版社．2004
[32] 张海峰，彭红星，邹有明．基于CAN总线和以太网的煤矿安全监控系统架构方案．江西煤炭科技．2005(4)：54～55
[33] 杨俊起，贺体龙，袁兆强．CAN现场总线在工业以太网远程监控系统中的应用．河南科技大学学报．2004．25(4)：47～51
[34] 石磐，唐胜利，陈玉忠，肖睿．用单片机实现CAN总线与以太网的连接．兵工自动化．2004．23(3)：33～34
[35] 邬宽明著．现场总线技术应用选编(2)．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[36] 马淑华，王凤文，张美金编著．单片机原理与接口技术．北京邮电大学出版社。2004
[37] 饶运涛，邹继军，郑勇芸．现场总线CAN原理与应用技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．2003．6
[38] 雷霖编著．现场总线控制网络技术．电子工业出版社．2004
[39] Lepkowski, J. Wolfe, B. Lepkowski, W. EMI/ESD solutions for the CAN network. Networking, Sensing and Control, 2005. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE.2005:413 - 418
[40] 周琦，黄天戍．CAN总线的嵌入式Web服务器设计．电子技术应用．2004．3：21～23
[41] 胥静主编．嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解—基于ARM的应用．北京航空航天大学出版社．2005
[42] 王宜怀，刘晓升 编著．嵌入式技术基础教程．清华大学出版社．2005
[43] Kyok Kim, Hongki Sung, Hoonbock Lee. Performance analysis of the TCPIP protocol under UNIX operating systems for high performance computing and communications. High Performance Computing on the Information Superhighway, 1997. HPC Asia '97. 1997.499 -50
[44] 罗军舟，黎波涛，杨明，吴俊，黄健编著．TCP/IP协议及网络编程技术．清华大学出版社．2004
[45] 沈文，黄力岱，吴宗锋编著．AVR单片机C语言开发应用实例-TCP/IP篇．清华大学出版社．2005
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[50] An Wei Yuqiang Chen Jinhua Wu.Simulation Study of TCP/IP Communication Based on Networked Control Systems: Intelligent Control and Automation, 2006. WCICA 2006. The Sixth World Congress on. 2006:4479 - 4483
[51] (日)小高知宏著．TCP/IP-Java篇。科学出版社，2003：35
[2] 朱世欣．工业以太网新一代的工业现场总线技术．甘肃科技2005．21(12)
[3] 张浩，马玉敏，杜品圣著．Interbus现场总线与工业以太网技术．机械工业出版社．2006
[4] 李正军著．现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计．人民邮电出版社．2006
[5] Martinez, H.I.H. Morales, C.A.C. Martinez, O.A. Automation of a robotic arm by analysing the CAN protocol. Electronics, Communications and Computers, 2004. CONIELECOMP 2004. 14th International Conference on. 2004:2 - 7
[6] Wu Xiao-chao Wu Jie Yang Jinming Zhang Song-guang Xu Qing.Design of Supervisory System Based on CAN Bus for Wind Power Plant. Industrial Electronics, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on. 2006:1679 - 1682
[7] Guzman, E., Hernandez, H. & Urbieta, R., Implementation of the fieldbus protocol CAN in a FPGA to control applications, Ⅺ Int. Meeting of Computation C1C2002, Mexico city, Mexico, pp. 127 - 139, november 2002 (In spanish).
[8] Guzman, R. & Hernandez, H., Implementation of a network based on the fieldbus CAN protocol to application of general purpose, Int. Conf. of Devices, Circuits and Systems CIDCS 2003, Ver, Mexico, junio 25 - 27 2003 (In spanish).
[9] Bosch, CAN Specification Version 2.0, Robert Bosch GmbH, 1991.
[10] Zhang Dongliang ,Tian Xincheng ,Xuqing. Application of CAN bus technique in digital AC servo drives. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2004. IPEMC 2004. The 4th International. 2004:746 - 749
[11] Guo Chuanxiong, Zheng Shaoren. Analysis and evaluation of the TCPIP protocol stack of LINUX. Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000. WCC - ICCT 2000. International Conference on .2000:444 - 453
[12] 宋纪恩．CAN总线在自动化系统中的应用．农网自动化．2006(1)1～2
[13] Hans A, Hansson Thomas Nolte and Christer Norstrom, 'Integrating Reliability and Timing Analysis of CAN-based Systems', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.49, no.6, pp.1240-1250, 2002.
[14] E. Gil-Dolcet, J. M. Fuertes. A New Communication Protocol for Automotive Real-time Applications. The 26th IFAC/IFIP/IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Programming, Poland. 2003. 147-152
[15] 李正军编著．现场总线及其应用技术．机械工业出版社．2006
[16] 史久根，张培仁，陈真勇编著．CAN现场总线系统设计技术．国防工业出版社．2004
[17] Freeman.M. Achieving real-time Ethernet. Manufacturing Engineer. 2004:14 - 15
[18] Kaplan, G .Ethernet's winning ways. Spectrum, IEEE. 2001.113 - 115
[19] Charles．Spurgeon著，张健，袁晓辉，苗沛荣译．以太网技术入门与实现(第一版)．机械工业出版社．1998
[20] Zier, L. Fischer, Wo Brockners, F..Ethernet-based public communication services challenge and opportunity. Communications Magazine, IEEE. 2004:88 - 95
[21] 赵宏著．以太网交换技术．辽宁大学学报 2000．27(2)：186
[22] 陈积明等．工业以太网的研究现状及展望．化工自动化仪表．2002．：1～4
[23] 廖学勤．工业以太网技术的现状与发展．世界仪表与自动化．2003．7(10)
[24] 冯冬芹，黄文君等编著．工业通信网络与系统集成．科学出版社．2005
[25] 阳宪惠．工业数据通讯与控制网络．清华大学出版社．2005．1
[26] 徐皑冬，王宏，杨志家．基于以太网的工业控制网络．信息与控制．2000．29(4)
[27] Dick Johnson. Ethernet Edge Toward Process Control. 1998.7
[28] 任永华．工业控制的以太网通信系统研究及实现．硕士学位论文．浙江：浙江大学．2002．1：10～11
[29] 杜欢．TCP/IP协议在以太网现场总线及虚拟仪器中的研究与应用．硕士学位论文．武汉：华中科技大学2002
[30] Bernett, M. Oleynik Gene.Uniform communications software using TCP/IP. Nuclear Science, IEEE Transactions on.1989:1715 - 1718
[31] 任泰明 编著．TCP/IP协议与网络编程．西安电子科技大学出版社．2004
[32] 张海峰，彭红星，邹有明．基于CAN总线和以太网的煤矿安全监控系统架构方案．江西煤炭科技．2005(4)：54～55
[33] 杨俊起，贺体龙，袁兆强．CAN现场总线在工业以太网远程监控系统中的应用．河南科技大学学报．2004．25(4)：47～51
[34] 石磐，唐胜利，陈玉忠，肖睿．用单片机实现CAN总线与以太网的连接．兵工自动化．2004．23(3)：33～34
[35] 邬宽明著．现场总线技术应用选编(2)．北京航空航天大学出版社．2004
[36] 马淑华，王凤文，张美金编著．单片机原理与接口技术．北京邮电大学出版社。2004
[37] 饶运涛，邹继军，郑勇芸．现场总线CAN原理与应用技术．北京航空航天大学出版社．2003．6
[38] 雷霖编著．现场总线控制网络技术．电子工业出版社．2004
[39] Lepkowski, J. Wolfe, B. Lepkowski, W. EMI/ESD solutions for the CAN network. Networking, Sensing and Control, 2005. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE.2005:413 - 418
[40] 周琦，黄天戍．CAN总线的嵌入式Web服务器设计．电子技术应用．2004．3：21～23
[41] 胥静主编．嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解—基于ARM的应用．北京航空航天大学出版社．2005
[42] 王宜怀，刘晓升 编著．嵌入式技术基础教程．清华大学出版社．2005
[43] Kyok Kim, Hongki Sung, Hoonbock Lee. Performance analysis of the TCPIP protocol under UNIX operating systems for high performance computing and communications. High Performance Computing on the Information Superhighway, 1997. HPC Asia '97. 1997.499 -50
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