ZigBee无线传感器网络研究及仿真
摘要
ZigBee无线通信技术是一种新兴的短距离无线通信技术,具有低功耗、低速率、低时延等特性,具有强大的组网能力与超大的网络容量,可以广泛应用在消费电子品、家居与楼宇自动化、工业控制、医疗设备等领域。由于其独有的特性,ZigBee无线技术也是无线传感器网络的首选技术,具有广阔的发展前景。ZigBee协议标准采用开放系统接口(OSI)分层结构,其中物理层和媒体接入层由IEEE802.15.4工作小组制定,而网络层,安全层和应用框架层由ZigBee联盟制定。
本文首先介绍了ZigBee的发展前景与研究意义,并列举了一些ZigBee的应用例子与国内外对ZigBee的研究状况;接着根据IEEE 802.15.4标准规范与ZigBee标准规范,简单扼要地阐述了ZigBee协议栈的物理层、媒体接入层、网络层、安全层和应用框架层等各层的功能以及各层间的接口。
本文着重详细描述了ZigBee无线传感器网络网关与网络节点的研发、ZigBee无线传感器网络网关与因特网的连接、通过因特网访问与控制远程的ZigBee无线传感器网络节点等实现方法,从而实现无线传感器网络节点对各种传感器信息的采集、传输和远程控制功能。此外,整个无线传感器网络包括网关与网络节点已通过实验验证。
本文最后使用NS2网络仿真软件对ZigBee无线网络进行仿真研究。首先利用NS2仿真小型网络,并与真实的ZigBee小型网络作对比,包括网络协调器的启动过程,网络节点加入网络的过程,与丢包率等因素的对比。之后使用NS2仿真大型ZigBee无线网络,并分析了路由协议,丢包率,端到端延迟,网络抖动率等,获得仿真结果。
ZigBee wireless technology is a new short-distance wireless communications technology, and it is a low-power, low speed and low latency wireless standard. ZigBee has strong network capability and large network capacity and it can be widely used in consumer electronics, home and building automation, industrial controls, medical sensor application and other fields. For its special feature, ZigBee is the best choice for wireless sensor network. ZigBee stack architecture is based on the standard Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer mode. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the two lower layers: the physical (PHY) layer and the medium access control (MAC) sub-layer. The ZigBee Alliance builds on this foundation by providing the network (NWK) layer and the framework for the application layer.
First of all, the paper introduces the development and research significance of ZigBee, also lists some application examples of ZigBee and describes the development status of ZigBee in China and other counties. Then, chapter 2 describes the functions of all layers and the interface of each layer shortly according to IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee specification.
The article describes the realization of some important processes in detail, including the realization of ZigBee wireless sensor network gateway, the connection of Internet and ZigBee wireless network, and the realization of ZigBee network node device which can be accessed by Internet. Upon these research and realization, the wireless sensor network has functions such as collecting connected sensors information, transmitting the sensors information and realizing remote control. Besides, wireless network gateway and node device have been certified by experiment successfully.
Finally, the article describes the simulation of ZigBee wireless network using NS2, a sort of network simulation software. First, using NS2 simulates a small ZigBee network and with the comparison to the real ZigBee small network, including the start process of network coordinator, the join network process of node device and factors such as packet drop rate. After the large-scale ZigBee wireless network simulation using NS2 and analysis of the routing protocol, packet drop rate, end-to-end time delay and network jitter, access to the significant simulation results.
本文首先介绍了ZigBee的发展前景与研究意义,并列举了一些ZigBee的应用例子与国内外对ZigBee的研究状况;接着根据IEEE 802.15.4标准规范与ZigBee标准规范,简单扼要地阐述了ZigBee协议栈的物理层、媒体接入层、网络层、安全层和应用框架层等各层的功能以及各层间的接口。
本文着重详细描述了ZigBee无线传感器网络网关与网络节点的研发、ZigBee无线传感器网络网关与因特网的连接、通过因特网访问与控制远程的ZigBee无线传感器网络节点等实现方法,从而实现无线传感器网络节点对各种传感器信息的采集、传输和远程控制功能。此外,整个无线传感器网络包括网关与网络节点已通过实验验证。
本文最后使用NS2网络仿真软件对ZigBee无线网络进行仿真研究。首先利用NS2仿真小型网络,并与真实的ZigBee小型网络作对比,包括网络协调器的启动过程,网络节点加入网络的过程,与丢包率等因素的对比。之后使用NS2仿真大型ZigBee无线网络,并分析了路由协议,丢包率,端到端延迟,网络抖动率等,获得仿真结果。
ZigBee wireless technology is a new short-distance wireless communications technology, and it is a low-power, low speed and low latency wireless standard. ZigBee has strong network capability and large network capacity and it can be widely used in consumer electronics, home and building automation, industrial controls, medical sensor application and other fields. For its special feature, ZigBee is the best choice for wireless sensor network. ZigBee stack architecture is based on the standard Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer mode. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the two lower layers: the physical (PHY) layer and the medium access control (MAC) sub-layer. The ZigBee Alliance builds on this foundation by providing the network (NWK) layer and the framework for the application layer.
First of all, the paper introduces the development and research significance of ZigBee, also lists some application examples of ZigBee and describes the development status of ZigBee in China and other counties. Then, chapter 2 describes the functions of all layers and the interface of each layer shortly according to IEEE 802.15.4 standard and ZigBee specification.
The article describes the realization of some important processes in detail, including the realization of ZigBee wireless sensor network gateway, the connection of Internet and ZigBee wireless network, and the realization of ZigBee network node device which can be accessed by Internet. Upon these research and realization, the wireless sensor network has functions such as collecting connected sensors information, transmitting the sensors information and realizing remote control. Besides, wireless network gateway and node device have been certified by experiment successfully.
Finally, the article describes the simulation of ZigBee wireless network using NS2, a sort of network simulation software. First, using NS2 simulates a small ZigBee network and with the comparison to the real ZigBee small network, including the start process of network coordinator, the join network process of node device and factors such as packet drop rate. After the large-scale ZigBee wireless network simulation using NS2 and analysis of the routing protocol, packet drop rate, end-to-end time delay and network jitter, access to the significant simulation results.
引文
[1]Zigbee Alliance.ZigBee Specification[R].ZigBee Alliance,Inc,2006.
[2]IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003 IEEE standard for information technology:Telecommunications and information exchange between systems:local and metropolitan area networks specific requirements:part 15.4 Wireless medium access control(MAC)and physical layer(PHY)specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks {LR-WPANs}[R].The IEEE press,Inc,2003.
[3]Freescale Semiconductor,inc.Freescale BeeStack Software Reference Manual[R].2007.
[4]Freescale Semiconductor,inc.MC9S08GT60 Data Sheet[R].2004.
[5]Freescale Semiconductor,inc.MC13192/MC13193 2.4GHz Low Power Transceiver for the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Reference Manual[R].2006.5.
[6]Freescale semiconductor,inc.802.15.4 MAC/PHY Software User's Guide[R].2005.
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[8]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[9]蒋挺,赵成林等.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版,2006.
[10]Anderas Andersson.ZigBee,A Suitable Base For Embedded Wireless Development?[D].Dweden:Chalmers University of Technology,2005.
[11]凌志浩,郑丽国等.ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用研究[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,32(7):801-805.
[12]张平,康桂霞,田辉等.甚低功耗无线通信技术—ZigBee[J].中兴通讯技术,2006,12(4):21-25.
[13]张宏锋,李文锋等.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006,28(8):12-15.
[14]付芳,张思东,顾瑞红等.基于IEEE 802.15.4和Zigbee构建低速无线个域网[J].电子技术应用,2005,29(7):90-92.
[15]刘原,宋良图等.基于ZIGBEE技术的农业信息无线数据传输[J].自动化与仪 器仪表,2006,(5):21-25.
[16]刘媛,孙艺红,程君等.无线传感器网络通用平台的研发[J].控制工程,2006,13(2):123-126.
[17]陈聪,冯玉林,施惠昌等.基于IEEE802.15.4的Ad hoc网络路由协议研究[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(5-3):124-126.
[18]田泽嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[19]邵贝贝译.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ第2版[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[20]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[21]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统开发实例[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2004.
[22]Adam Dunkels.Design and Implementation of the LWIP TCP/IP Stack[M].Sweden:Swedish Institude of Computer Science,2001.
[23]陈新光,陆以勤,吕锦.基于Zigbee协议的OSGi无线家庭网关设计[J].微计算机信息.,2006,22(9-2):127-129.
[24]董炜,杨士元.嵌入式Internet与家庭网关技术[J].计算机应用研究,2005,6:222-225.
[25]王建忠,田力,武凌.基于ARM920T核的AT91RM9200微控制器及其在嵌入式家庭网关中的应用[J].微计算机信息.,2004,20(5):49-51.
[26]白清利,张东来.嵌入式家庭网关功能分析与设计实现[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(7-2):10-13.
[27]刘洁,张晓虎.基于ARM-uClinux的无线家庭网关设计[J].电子设计应用.,2006,(1):91-92,94.
[28]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀等.NS与网络模拟[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,11.
[29]杨少军,史浩山,刘利章等.无线传感器网络分析与仿真[J].计算机工程,2006,32(22):116-118.
[30]Jianliang Zheng,Myung J.Lee."Will IEEE 802.15.4 Make Ubiquitous Networking a Reality?:A Discussion on a Potential Low Power,Low Bit Rate Standard"[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2004,140-146.
[31]Jianliang Zheng,Myung J.Lee."A comprehensive performance study of IEEES02.15.4"[M].IEEE Press Book,2004.
[32]李宇,徐勇军等.基于ZigBee的WSN路由研究与实验[J].电子技术应用,2007,33(5):108-110.
[33]王瑜,焦永革,孟涛,林家薇等.基于免费软件ns的无线网络仿真[J].网络技术,2003,34(1):18-20.
[34]花晓菲等.基于NS2的Ad hoc网络路由协议性能分析比较[J].无线通信技术,2006,(3):29-33.
[35]赵铮,于宏毅等.IEEE 802.15.4 MAC协议分析与仿真评估[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(4):119-122.
[36]周书民,汤彬,孙亚民等.MobileIP的无线/有线网络通信模拟分析[J].计算机工程,2006,32(12):107-109.
[37]袁凌云,朱云龙等.基于NS2的无线传感器交通监控网络仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(3):660-664.
[2]IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003 IEEE standard for information technology:Telecommunications and information exchange between systems:local and metropolitan area networks specific requirements:part 15.4 Wireless medium access control(MAC)and physical layer(PHY)specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks {LR-WPANs}[R].The IEEE press,Inc,2003.
[3]Freescale Semiconductor,inc.Freescale BeeStack Software Reference Manual[R].2007.
[4]Freescale Semiconductor,inc.MC9S08GT60 Data Sheet[R].2004.
[5]Freescale Semiconductor,inc.MC13192/MC13193 2.4GHz Low Power Transceiver for the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Reference Manual[R].2006.5.
[6]Freescale semiconductor,inc.802.15.4 MAC/PHY Software User's Guide[R].2005.
[7]Freescale Semiconductor,inc.802.15.4 MAC/PHY Software Reference Manual[R].2005.
[8]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[9]蒋挺,赵成林等.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版,2006.
[10]Anderas Andersson.ZigBee,A Suitable Base For Embedded Wireless Development?[D].Dweden:Chalmers University of Technology,2005.
[11]凌志浩,郑丽国等.ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用研究[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,32(7):801-805.
[12]张平,康桂霞,田辉等.甚低功耗无线通信技术—ZigBee[J].中兴通讯技术,2006,12(4):21-25.
[13]张宏锋,李文锋等.基于ZigBee技术的无线传感器网络的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2006,28(8):12-15.
[14]付芳,张思东,顾瑞红等.基于IEEE 802.15.4和Zigbee构建低速无线个域网[J].电子技术应用,2005,29(7):90-92.
[15]刘原,宋良图等.基于ZIGBEE技术的农业信息无线数据传输[J].自动化与仪 器仪表,2006,(5):21-25.
[16]刘媛,孙艺红,程君等.无线传感器网络通用平台的研发[J].控制工程,2006,13(2):123-126.
[17]陈聪,冯玉林,施惠昌等.基于IEEE802.15.4的Ad hoc网络路由协议研究[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(5-3):124-126.
[18]田泽嵌入式系统开发与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[19]邵贝贝译.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ第2版[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[20]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[21]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统开发实例[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2004.
[22]Adam Dunkels.Design and Implementation of the LWIP TCP/IP Stack[M].Sweden:Swedish Institude of Computer Science,2001.
[23]陈新光,陆以勤,吕锦.基于Zigbee协议的OSGi无线家庭网关设计[J].微计算机信息.,2006,22(9-2):127-129.
[24]董炜,杨士元.嵌入式Internet与家庭网关技术[J].计算机应用研究,2005,6:222-225.
[25]王建忠,田力,武凌.基于ARM920T核的AT91RM9200微控制器及其在嵌入式家庭网关中的应用[J].微计算机信息.,2004,20(5):49-51.
[26]白清利,张东来.嵌入式家庭网关功能分析与设计实现[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(7-2):10-13.
[27]刘洁,张晓虎.基于ARM-uClinux的无线家庭网关设计[J].电子设计应用.,2006,(1):91-92,94.
[28]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀等.NS与网络模拟[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,11.
[29]杨少军,史浩山,刘利章等.无线传感器网络分析与仿真[J].计算机工程,2006,32(22):116-118.
[30]Jianliang Zheng,Myung J.Lee."Will IEEE 802.15.4 Make Ubiquitous Networking a Reality?:A Discussion on a Potential Low Power,Low Bit Rate Standard"[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2004,140-146.
[31]Jianliang Zheng,Myung J.Lee."A comprehensive performance study of IEEES02.15.4"[M].IEEE Press Book,2004.
[32]李宇,徐勇军等.基于ZigBee的WSN路由研究与实验[J].电子技术应用,2007,33(5):108-110.
[33]王瑜,焦永革,孟涛,林家薇等.基于免费软件ns的无线网络仿真[J].网络技术,2003,34(1):18-20.
[34]花晓菲等.基于NS2的Ad hoc网络路由协议性能分析比较[J].无线通信技术,2006,(3):29-33.
[35]赵铮,于宏毅等.IEEE 802.15.4 MAC协议分析与仿真评估[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(4):119-122.
[36]周书民,汤彬,孙亚民等.MobileIP的无线/有线网络通信模拟分析[J].计算机工程,2006,32(12):107-109.
[37]袁凌云,朱云龙等.基于NS2的无线传感器交通监控网络仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(3):660-664.
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