协同虚拟环境导航与空间感知研究
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摘要
虚拟现实技术是近十几年悄然兴起的高新技术，协同虚拟环境(CVE)是虚拟现实技术与网络技术相结合的产物，将分布在不同地理位置的独立的虚拟现实系统通过网络连接起来，多个用户在一个共享的三维环境中进行交互，协作完成任务。目前，CVE系统已经在科学可视化、协同设计、战争模拟等多个领域得到了广泛的应用。
论文首先总结并分析了CVE体系结构、研究内容以及现有CVE的研究机构和研究项目，提出了当前协同虚拟环境研究和应用中存在的导航与空间感知问题。考虑到协同虚拟环境里导航不同于单用户空间导航，有其自身的特点，在对虚拟环境中单用户空间导航模型综合分析的基础上，建立了协同导航概念模型。论文对协同虚拟环境里空间感知问题进行了系统研究，采用几何描述方法使抽象的理论具体化，具体分析了空间感知问题状态结构中的初始状态、目标状态和从初始状态到目标状态的各种途径，并根据协同导航概念模型找出了影响各种问题状态转移的算子，构成了空间感知的问题空间。同时，根据这个状态空间分析了第一人称视点视图、附着视点视图和第三人称视点视图的导航和空间感知效果，进一步验证了所提出的空间感知问题的状态结构理论。在此基础上，论文对空间感知工具的技术特性，即表现形态、表达方式、Agent特性、时间特性、持续状态等进行了详细分析，并深入探讨了影响空间感知的环境自身因素，即坐标系类型、可识别性、活动性、可操纵性、所需要感知目标的空间参数等，同时具体分析了影响空间感知问题状态结构的行为操作算子，最后，总结了空间感知工具的设计所需要考虑的三个方面，提出了空间感知工具的设计方法，并根据这种方法设计了一种基于Agent的空间感知工具。同时，构建了空间感知工具的实验环境，进行了相关实验测试。论文为今后协同虚拟环境界面的研究工作奠定了理论基础。
The prospect of collaboration among geographically dispersed participants over a networked virtual reality is quite attractive. CVE involve the use of distributed VR technology to support group work. A necessary condition for a CVE is the provision of simultaneous multi-user access to a virtual reality system. However, there may be a world of difference between a multi-user system and one that actually supports cooperative work, and so a second condition is that the system must explicitly consider and support the needs of users who wish to work together. The essence of CVE is that users are explicitly represented to each other within a shared space. As a promising technology, CVE has already had some experimental applications in the fields of scientific visualization, collaborative design, battlefield simulation and so on.
This work summarizes the framework, analysis, and organization of CVE. In the task of this
study, the goal is to achieving a better spatial awareness in service of collaborative navigation.
As multiple users populate the large space, it is not a trivial task for them to coordinate among
themselves and to achieve their navigational goal in such an environment. Depending on the
work desired and the environment the participants are working in, different types of navigational
tasks are required. However, this previous work deals mostly with the problem of individual
navigation. Since navigation performed by groups has its own characteristics that go beyond
individual navigation. The thesis proposed a process model for collaborative navigation on the
basis of individual navigation model. In the case of the spatial awareness problem, a
computationally tractable formulation of a problem space is obtained by analyzing the initial
state, goal state, the process from the initial state to goal state for the spatial awareness problem
and some operators to alter the state. Three basic perspective displays: first person, tethered and
third person are consistent with the theoretical analysis based on the problem space specification.
This work discusses the attributes of awareness aids, and five types of important parameters, that
is, coordinate system type, identifiablity, mobility, manipulability and type of the goal. In the end,
the thesis put forward a method of designing spatial awareness aids, and an aid base on agent-is
devised. An experimental paradigm and a task environment were built to test several designs.
This work will contribute to the accumulating body of knowledge concerning the use of
technology to support collaborative work.
论文首先总结并分析了CVE体系结构、研究内容以及现有CVE的研究机构和研究项目，提出了当前协同虚拟环境研究和应用中存在的导航与空间感知问题。考虑到协同虚拟环境里导航不同于单用户空间导航，有其自身的特点，在对虚拟环境中单用户空间导航模型综合分析的基础上，建立了协同导航概念模型。论文对协同虚拟环境里空间感知问题进行了系统研究，采用几何描述方法使抽象的理论具体化，具体分析了空间感知问题状态结构中的初始状态、目标状态和从初始状态到目标状态的各种途径，并根据协同导航概念模型找出了影响各种问题状态转移的算子，构成了空间感知的问题空间。同时，根据这个状态空间分析了第一人称视点视图、附着视点视图和第三人称视点视图的导航和空间感知效果，进一步验证了所提出的空间感知问题的状态结构理论。在此基础上，论文对空间感知工具的技术特性，即表现形态、表达方式、Agent特性、时间特性、持续状态等进行了详细分析，并深入探讨了影响空间感知的环境自身因素，即坐标系类型、可识别性、活动性、可操纵性、所需要感知目标的空间参数等，同时具体分析了影响空间感知问题状态结构的行为操作算子，最后，总结了空间感知工具的设计所需要考虑的三个方面，提出了空间感知工具的设计方法，并根据这种方法设计了一种基于Agent的空间感知工具。同时，构建了空间感知工具的实验环境，进行了相关实验测试。论文为今后协同虚拟环境界面的研究工作奠定了理论基础。
The prospect of collaboration among geographically dispersed participants over a networked virtual reality is quite attractive. CVE involve the use of distributed VR technology to support group work. A necessary condition for a CVE is the provision of simultaneous multi-user access to a virtual reality system. However, there may be a world of difference between a multi-user system and one that actually supports cooperative work, and so a second condition is that the system must explicitly consider and support the needs of users who wish to work together. The essence of CVE is that users are explicitly represented to each other within a shared space. As a promising technology, CVE has already had some experimental applications in the fields of scientific visualization, collaborative design, battlefield simulation and so on.
This work summarizes the framework, analysis, and organization of CVE. In the task of this
study, the goal is to achieving a better spatial awareness in service of collaborative navigation.
As multiple users populate the large space, it is not a trivial task for them to coordinate among
themselves and to achieve their navigational goal in such an environment. Depending on the
work desired and the environment the participants are working in, different types of navigational
tasks are required. However, this previous work deals mostly with the problem of individual
navigation. Since navigation performed by groups has its own characteristics that go beyond
individual navigation. The thesis proposed a process model for collaborative navigation on the
basis of individual navigation model. In the case of the spatial awareness problem, a
computationally tractable formulation of a problem space is obtained by analyzing the initial
state, goal state, the process from the initial state to goal state for the spatial awareness problem
and some operators to alter the state. Three basic perspective displays: first person, tethered and
third person are consistent with the theoretical analysis based on the problem space specification.
This work discusses the attributes of awareness aids, and five types of important parameters, that
is, coordinate system type, identifiablity, mobility, manipulability and type of the goal. In the end,
the thesis put forward a method of designing spatial awareness aids, and an aid base on agent-is
devised. An experimental paradigm and a task environment were built to test several designs.
This work will contribute to the accumulating body of knowledge concerning the use of
technology to support collaborative work.
引文
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