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热管型电子器件散热器的数值模拟和实验研究
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摘要
随着电子元器件的集成化程度越来越高,散热问题已成为制约电子技术发展的主要因素之一。由于电子器件散热技术研究的日益重要,本文首先对电子器件散热技术及热管型电子器件散热器的国内外研究和发展现状进行了综述,并在此基础上对热管型电子器件散热器进行了数值模拟和实验研究。
     根据电子器件的运行工况,建立了散热器性能测试系统,并对所设计的不同型式的热管型电子器件散热器进行了在不同工况下的性能实验,比较了在热流密度、风速、风温等实验工况发生改变的情况下各型式的热管型电子器件散热器中电子器件表面温度的变化规律。
     根据实验结果分析,本文以结构简单而且散热效果好的D型热管散热器为研究重点,建立了比较完整的热管型电子器件散热器的理论模型。模型分为三个部分:模拟电子器件发热的铜块、具有高传热能力的重力热管以及套在重力热管冷凝段外用于强化散热的环状肋片。将数值模拟的计算结果中有关电子器件表面温度随各种工况的改变而发生变化的情况同实验部分的结果进行比较,可以看到二者有较好的吻合,表明所建立的模型和选用的计算方法是合理的。
     在证实了本理论模型是合理的基础上,本文根据所建立的模型进行了一系列的数值模拟计算,分析了热管型电子器件散热器的结构尺寸(蒸发段和冷凝段的长度比、肋片的高度等)变化对发热器件表面温度的影响,得到了蒸发段和冷凝段的最佳长度比。
     本文还对热管型电子器件散热器各个传热环节的热阻进行了数值计算,通过各热阻大小的比较,从理论上提出了强化传热的一系列措施。
With the increasing of electronic element integration, the problem of heat dispersion has become one of restrict factor in the development of electron technology. To meet the demond of rapidly increased thermal dispersion , numerical simulation and experimental study on heat pipe radiator for electronic element has been made in the paper.
    According to the working condition of electronic element, a testing system established to test the temperature variety of the electronic element surface on several kinds of radiator which designed on different structure under different working condition.
    On the basic of the experimental results, integrated theoretical model established which include three part:heat simulation copper block, two-phase closed thermosyphon and heat sink. Contrast the results of numerical analysis and experimental study, fine agreement exists between the numerical prediction and experimental results which proved the rationality of theoretical model.
    After the rationality of theoretical model has been testified , going along a series of numerical simulation and find the best ratio of evaporation segment and condensation segment by means of analyse the temperature variety of the electronic element surface on the effect of the radiator structure change.
    A series of strenthen step about heat transfer put forward theoretically by means of numerical analysis focuse on the thermal resistant of each tache of the heat transfer.
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