中国金融资源地区分布差异性研究
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摘要
中国大国经济的特点和复杂人文地理等各种影响社会经济发展要素迥异的现实,决定了经济金融发展的区域差异是不可避免的。保持适度差距是经济发展的客观要求与现实,但是金融资源地区分布差异远远高于地区经济发展差异的现实以及差异日趋扩大的趋势,严重威胁到我国经济的可持续增长。协调地区之间日趋严重的差异,兼顾公平和效率问题,已经成为保证中国经济未来可持续发展的关键。
本论文以金融资源理论和区域金融理论为基础,通过对金融资源地区分布与地区经济增长关系的实证检验,证实了金融资源发展与经济增长的相互作用机制,考查了金融资源地区分布差异对地区经济非均衡增长的影响,揭示了金融资源地区分布差异既是地区经济发展差异的原因,也是地区经济发展差异的现实结果。以此为基础,通过考察1992-2007年相关统计数据,从全国“整体”差异、“东、中、西部”差异和“省际”差异的“三维视角”全面刻画了金融机构存贷款资源、股票筹资、保费收入、实际利用外资、金融机构组织等中国金融资源地区分布差异的特征事实与演变,进一步论证了金融资源地区差异性分布的形成机理和影响因素。通过金融资源地区分布差异演变的特征事实,证明了我国金融资源地区差异日趋扩大的现实是当前“政府失灵”和“市场失灵”的双重作用下的结果,揭示出我国金融资源地区分布差异变迁的实质是一个由中央政府制度主导到地方政府制度主导再到市场经济主体主导的渐进式制度变迁过程。论文最后从适度差异与金融资源地区协调发展的角度,提出中国金融资源地区差异调控的范式途径与协调发展的政策建议。
研究的主要结论是:
(1)金融资源与经济增长之间具有显著的相互作用,金融资源地区分布差异即是地区经济的非均衡增长的重要原因,也是地区经济发展差异的结果。
(2)中国核心金融资源的分地区分行业的分布情况的综合统计分析表明,1992-2007年中国各地区各行业的金融资源总体呈现增长态势,但由于增长速度不同,客观上造成各地区各行业之间的金融资源分布的差异日趋扩大,目前差异还有加速扩大的趋势。
(3)对中国金融资源地区分布差异演变趋势的研究表明,1978-2007年,省际中国金融资源地区分布差异总体呈现U型变化,东中西部金融资源地区差异呈现扩大趋势。
(4)地区的初始条件、市场机制、政府作用、金融生态、经济发展水平等因素共同影响着金融资源的地区分布。其中,市场主导的作用与政府主导的作用在力度上的差异客观上促成了地区差异呈现U型的阶段性演变。
(5)“市场失灵”与“政府失灵”并发的现实是目前金融资源地区分布差异加速扩大的深层原因。“政府失灵”与“市场失灵”双重恶性循环作用下,地区差异调控实现突破的可能路径与范式是,以政府为主导“自外而内”和以市场为辅助“自内而外”有机结合。
最后,在缓解目前中国金融资源地区分布差异扩大现实问题时,论文提出了具体的调控方案设计:一是充分重视制度性因素对于金融资源地区分布的影响,注重各级政府权力的制衡,逐步放开民间金融,构建动态的区域金融协调发展机制;二是实施差异性的区域货币政策与财政政策,缩小金融资源地区分布差异的外部性因素;三是注重发展地区“内源融资”,培养“自身造血”机制,各级政府应加大力度推进教育投入体制综合改革,完善区域创新激励机制,优化地区金融生态环境,努力缩小地区间教育水平差异。
The realities that Economic characteristics of great power and differences of the socio-economic development impacts of elements included the complexity of human geography result in the regional differences in Chinese economic and financial development are inevitable. Keeping an appropriate gap is the reality as well as the objective requirements for economic development. However, Differences in regional distribution of financial resources have become much higher than the ones in economic development and even tend to grow, which has become a serious threat to China's sustainable economic growth. Coordinating the growing differences among areas as well as trading-off between fairness and efficiency has become the key point in ensuring the sustainable development of China's economic in future.
Based on Theory of financial resources and regional financial theory, this paper empirically tested the relationship between economic growth in the region and area distribution of financial resources, confirmed the interaction mechanism between development of financial resources and economic growth, and examined the impact of differences in regional distribution of financial resources upon the regional economic non-balanced growth, revealed that differences in the regional distribution of financial resources is not only a reason for the difference in regional economic development, but also the reality of the consequences of differences in regional economic development. On this basis, through the study of statistical data from 1992 to 2007 ,from the whole country's difference, "eastern, middle and western" differences and "inter-provincial" difference of "three-dimensional perspective", the characteristics and evolution of China regional financial resources differences of deposit and loans resources, equity financing, insurance premium income, the actual utilization of foreign capital, financial institutions etc. are depicted. Furthermore the mechanism and influence factors of distribution of regional financial resources differences are demonstrated. These evidences of evolution proved that the trend of expanding differences of China regional financial resource differences results from the dual role of "government failure" and "market failure" and revealed the nature of distribution differences of China regional financial resource is an gradual evolution process of Institutional Change from central government-oriented to local government-oriented to market-oriented. In the final part, from the points of appropriate difference and coordinated development of regional financial resources, the relative policy suggestions of control means and coordinate development are provided for China regional financial resource differences.
The main conclusions are:
i there is a significant interaction between financial resources and economic growth. Differences in geographical distribution of financial resources are the main reason of unbalanced regional economic growth, is also the result of differences in regional economic development.
ii the comprehensive statistical analysis of distribution by region and industry of China's core financial resources showed that, from1992 to 2007, the Chinese financial resources in various regions and industries show a general growth. But because of the different growth rate in various regions, the differences in the distribution of financial resources were getting growing. At present, the differences are in the trend of accelerated expansion.
iii Studies on trends of evolution of China's financial resources in different areas have shown that, from 1978 to 2007, inter-provincial differences in regional distribution show changes in the overall shape of U. the differences in regional distribution had the trend of growing in eastern, central and western.
iv Initial conditions, the market mechanism, the role of government, the financial ecology and economic development level combined effect the geographical distribution of financial resources. Among them, differences in level of the role of market-oriented and the role of government-led led to staging evolution of shape- U.
v "Market failure" and "government failure" are the underlying causes of acceleration expansion of geographical distribution of financial resources. Under the dual role of a vicious circle, the path to achieve a breakthrough with the paradigm in regional differences is that organic integration between government-led "from outside" and market-assisted "from inside ".
Finally, to alleviate the expansion of distribution of China regional financial resources, the specific design of control programs are: First, to pay full attention to the institutional factors' effects on regional distribution of financial resources. To emphasize the balances of all levels of government power, gradually to release informal finance, to build a dynamic and coordinated development mechanisms for regional financial; secondly, to implement the different regional monetary policy and fiscal policy, to reduce external factor of geographical distribution of financial resources; Third, to focus on the development of internal financing, to culture "own blood mechanism", the government at all levels should make greater efforts to promote comprehensive reform of education investment system, and improve the regional innovation incentives system, and optimize the regional financial ecological environment, reduce inter-regional differences in educational level.
本论文以金融资源理论和区域金融理论为基础,通过对金融资源地区分布与地区经济增长关系的实证检验,证实了金融资源发展与经济增长的相互作用机制,考查了金融资源地区分布差异对地区经济非均衡增长的影响,揭示了金融资源地区分布差异既是地区经济发展差异的原因,也是地区经济发展差异的现实结果。以此为基础,通过考察1992-2007年相关统计数据,从全国“整体”差异、“东、中、西部”差异和“省际”差异的“三维视角”全面刻画了金融机构存贷款资源、股票筹资、保费收入、实际利用外资、金融机构组织等中国金融资源地区分布差异的特征事实与演变,进一步论证了金融资源地区差异性分布的形成机理和影响因素。通过金融资源地区分布差异演变的特征事实,证明了我国金融资源地区差异日趋扩大的现实是当前“政府失灵”和“市场失灵”的双重作用下的结果,揭示出我国金融资源地区分布差异变迁的实质是一个由中央政府制度主导到地方政府制度主导再到市场经济主体主导的渐进式制度变迁过程。论文最后从适度差异与金融资源地区协调发展的角度,提出中国金融资源地区差异调控的范式途径与协调发展的政策建议。
研究的主要结论是:
(1)金融资源与经济增长之间具有显著的相互作用,金融资源地区分布差异即是地区经济的非均衡增长的重要原因,也是地区经济发展差异的结果。
(2)中国核心金融资源的分地区分行业的分布情况的综合统计分析表明,1992-2007年中国各地区各行业的金融资源总体呈现增长态势,但由于增长速度不同,客观上造成各地区各行业之间的金融资源分布的差异日趋扩大,目前差异还有加速扩大的趋势。
(3)对中国金融资源地区分布差异演变趋势的研究表明,1978-2007年,省际中国金融资源地区分布差异总体呈现U型变化,东中西部金融资源地区差异呈现扩大趋势。
(4)地区的初始条件、市场机制、政府作用、金融生态、经济发展水平等因素共同影响着金融资源的地区分布。其中,市场主导的作用与政府主导的作用在力度上的差异客观上促成了地区差异呈现U型的阶段性演变。
(5)“市场失灵”与“政府失灵”并发的现实是目前金融资源地区分布差异加速扩大的深层原因。“政府失灵”与“市场失灵”双重恶性循环作用下,地区差异调控实现突破的可能路径与范式是,以政府为主导“自外而内”和以市场为辅助“自内而外”有机结合。
最后,在缓解目前中国金融资源地区分布差异扩大现实问题时,论文提出了具体的调控方案设计:一是充分重视制度性因素对于金融资源地区分布的影响,注重各级政府权力的制衡,逐步放开民间金融,构建动态的区域金融协调发展机制;二是实施差异性的区域货币政策与财政政策,缩小金融资源地区分布差异的外部性因素;三是注重发展地区“内源融资”,培养“自身造血”机制,各级政府应加大力度推进教育投入体制综合改革,完善区域创新激励机制,优化地区金融生态环境,努力缩小地区间教育水平差异。
The realities that Economic characteristics of great power and differences of the socio-economic development impacts of elements included the complexity of human geography result in the regional differences in Chinese economic and financial development are inevitable. Keeping an appropriate gap is the reality as well as the objective requirements for economic development. However, Differences in regional distribution of financial resources have become much higher than the ones in economic development and even tend to grow, which has become a serious threat to China's sustainable economic growth. Coordinating the growing differences among areas as well as trading-off between fairness and efficiency has become the key point in ensuring the sustainable development of China's economic in future.
Based on Theory of financial resources and regional financial theory, this paper empirically tested the relationship between economic growth in the region and area distribution of financial resources, confirmed the interaction mechanism between development of financial resources and economic growth, and examined the impact of differences in regional distribution of financial resources upon the regional economic non-balanced growth, revealed that differences in the regional distribution of financial resources is not only a reason for the difference in regional economic development, but also the reality of the consequences of differences in regional economic development. On this basis, through the study of statistical data from 1992 to 2007 ,from the whole country's difference, "eastern, middle and western" differences and "inter-provincial" difference of "three-dimensional perspective", the characteristics and evolution of China regional financial resources differences of deposit and loans resources, equity financing, insurance premium income, the actual utilization of foreign capital, financial institutions etc. are depicted. Furthermore the mechanism and influence factors of distribution of regional financial resources differences are demonstrated. These evidences of evolution proved that the trend of expanding differences of China regional financial resource differences results from the dual role of "government failure" and "market failure" and revealed the nature of distribution differences of China regional financial resource is an gradual evolution process of Institutional Change from central government-oriented to local government-oriented to market-oriented. In the final part, from the points of appropriate difference and coordinated development of regional financial resources, the relative policy suggestions of control means and coordinate development are provided for China regional financial resource differences.
The main conclusions are:
i there is a significant interaction between financial resources and economic growth. Differences in geographical distribution of financial resources are the main reason of unbalanced regional economic growth, is also the result of differences in regional economic development.
ii the comprehensive statistical analysis of distribution by region and industry of China's core financial resources showed that, from1992 to 2007, the Chinese financial resources in various regions and industries show a general growth. But because of the different growth rate in various regions, the differences in the distribution of financial resources were getting growing. At present, the differences are in the trend of accelerated expansion.
iii Studies on trends of evolution of China's financial resources in different areas have shown that, from 1978 to 2007, inter-provincial differences in regional distribution show changes in the overall shape of U. the differences in regional distribution had the trend of growing in eastern, central and western.
iv Initial conditions, the market mechanism, the role of government, the financial ecology and economic development level combined effect the geographical distribution of financial resources. Among them, differences in level of the role of market-oriented and the role of government-led led to staging evolution of shape- U.
v "Market failure" and "government failure" are the underlying causes of acceleration expansion of geographical distribution of financial resources. Under the dual role of a vicious circle, the path to achieve a breakthrough with the paradigm in regional differences is that organic integration between government-led "from outside" and market-assisted "from inside ".
Finally, to alleviate the expansion of distribution of China regional financial resources, the specific design of control programs are: First, to pay full attention to the institutional factors' effects on regional distribution of financial resources. To emphasize the balances of all levels of government power, gradually to release informal finance, to build a dynamic and coordinated development mechanisms for regional financial; secondly, to implement the different regional monetary policy and fiscal policy, to reduce external factor of geographical distribution of financial resources; Third, to focus on the development of internal financing, to culture "own blood mechanism", the government at all levels should make greater efforts to promote comprehensive reform of education investment system, and improve the regional innovation incentives system, and optimize the regional financial ecological environment, reduce inter-regional differences in educational level.
引文
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